2021 年北京市高考真题英语试卷
北京卷·英语
本试卷共11 页，共100 分．考试时长90 分钟．
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效．
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题
卡上将该项涂黑．
Recently，I took a trip home by train．I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who
kept____1____a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap．The woman's eye fell on the man's face，
and she immediately looked down and____2____her scarf．
As the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy
sleeper could manage to get any____3____．The woman looked over at the man．He was still staring at her．She
looked back at him with fire in her eyes．I was beginning to get____4____，too．
The train moved on．The little boy was ____5____ awake on his mother's lap，but the woman dropped off to
sleep．A moment later，he began to____6____the half-open window—one leg went over it．The man jumped up and
____7____the child just before he fell out．
The____8____ woke up the woman．She seemed to be in____9____，and then reality dawned （显现）．“Your
child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her.
．“So I have been watching the whole time．”The woman was _____10_____，and so was I．
1. A. guiding
B. bothering
C. watching
D. monitoring
2. A. adjusted
B. changed
C. packed
D. waved
3. A. air
B. joy
C. space
D. rest
4. A. nervous
B. embarrassed
C. angry
D. disappointed
5. A. almost
B. still
C. hardly
D. even
6. A. drag
B. climb
C. knock
D. push
7. A. grabbed
B. rocked
C. touched
D. picked
8. A. alarm
B. quarrel
C. risk
D. noise
9. A. sorrow
B. relief
C. panic
D. pain
10. A. astonished
B. confused
C. concerned
D. inspired
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了火车上一位男子救下了爬上窗户的顽皮孩子的善举，最初孩子的母亲因为男
子总是盯着他们，对男子的第一印象不好，而最后得知原因十分惊讶。故事告诉我们很多事情不能只看表面。
【1 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在一位中年男子对面的座位上，他目光敏锐，一直在注视着一位坐在靠窗座位
上的年轻女子，她的腿上坐着一个小男孩。A. guiding 带领；B. bothering 打扰；C. watching 看着； D. monitoring
监控。根据上文“with sharp eyes”（有着敏锐的目光）以及下文第二段“He was still staring at her．”（他仍然
盯着她看。）可知，中年男子一直在看着女子，故选C。
【2 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：女人的目光落在了男人的脸上，她立刻低下头，整理了一下围巾。A. adjusted 调整；
B. changed 改变； C. packed 包装 ；D. waved 挥动，根据空格处and 前的动词低下头和空格后的围巾，可知女人
因为感到尴尬而低头故意整理围巾，故选A。
【3 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：夜渐渐深了，人们开始闭上眼睛，但座位太不舒服了，只有睡得很沉的人才能设法
休息。A. air 空气；B. joy 娱乐；C. space 空间；D. rest 休息。根据空格前点明时间是夜晚了和后面睡得很沉的人，
可知是为了获得一些休息。故选D。
【4 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也开始生气了。 A. nervous 紧张的；B. embarrassed 尴尬的；C. angry 生气的；
D. disappointed 失望的。根据with fire in her eyes 以及空格后too，可知“我”和女人的情绪是一样愤怒生气的，故
选C。
【5 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：小男孩躺在妈妈的腿上还醒着，但是妈妈已经睡着了。A. almost 几乎；B. still 仍然；
C. hardly 几乎不；D. even 甚至。根据but the woman dropped off to sleep，可知母亲已经睡着，男孩是醒着的，推
断出来是仍然醒着的。故选B。
【6 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，他开始爬上半开着的窗户——一条腿跨过了窗户。A. drag 拖拉；B.
climb 爬上；C. knock 敲打；D. push 推动。根据空格后one leg went over it，可知小孩是在爬窗户，脚才迈了出去，
故选B。
【7 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在孩子掉下去之前，那人跳起来抓住了他。A. grabbed 抓着；B. rocked 摇晃；C.
touched 接触；D. picked 挑选。根据before he fell out 可知，男人跳起来是为了阻止孩子掉下去，所以要抓住他，
故选A。
【8 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：噪音把那个女人吵醒了。A. alarm 闹钟；B. quarrel 吵架；C. risk 风险；D. noise 噪音。
根据上文The man jumped up and grabbed the child just before he fell out 可知，男人和孩子一定是弄出了很大
动
静和声音，故选D。
【9 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她似乎在恐慌，然后明白过来。A. sorrow 悲伤；B. relief 减轻；C. panic 恐慌； D.
pain 痛苦。根据上文可知，女人一醒来看到男人抓着自己的孩子，女人对男人的印象不好，因此作为母亲一定
是很恐慌的，故选C。
【10 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女人很惊讶，我也很惊讶。A. astonished 惊讶；B. confused 困惑的；C. concerned
关心的；D. inspired 受到鼓舞的。根据空格前的对话“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of
the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her..“So I have been watching the whole time.”(“你的孩子
一直在找机会爬出窗户，”男人说着把孩子还给了她。“所以我一直在看。”),可知女人对男人的印象不好，
但是男人却救了他们的孩子，所以最后女人是感到意外和惊讶的，故选A。
第二节（共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用
括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse____11____ (idea)．Dreams might be a
side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the
day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a
story,and you get a dream．
【答案】11. ideas
12. that 13. connects
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们为什么会做梦的原因。
【11 题详解】
考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，形容
词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea 想法，可数名词。故填ideas。
【12 题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析
句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所
以此处需用关系代词that 引导定语从句。故填that。
【13 题详解】
考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词
tums 可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故
填connects。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用
括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day．While riding his
bike home ____14____ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．
The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived．Sam walked her to a nearby
convenience store so that she could ____16____（safe） wait for the police to take her home．
【答案】14. on 15. where
16. safely
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了生活博主Sam 救助一个老妇人的故事。
【14 题详解】
考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上
游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。
【15 题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about 后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用
where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。
【16 题详解】
考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait 用
副词作状语，故填safely。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用
括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20
years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. From
2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in
economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ____20____
(invest) in disaster prevention.
【答案】17. has been
18. caused 19. resulting
20. to invest
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章指出过去20 年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全
球气温上升造成的，引发重大自然灾害，造成了极大的经济损失，因此人们急需投资于灾害预防。
【17 题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20 年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度
上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years 可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise 是
单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
【18 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events 与cause 是逻辑动宾关系，应
用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。
【19 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2000 年至2019 年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348 起，造成经济损失2.97 万亿美元。
7,348 major natural disasters around the world 与result 是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，
作结果状语。故填resulting。
【20 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不
定式，作后置定语。故填to invest。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共14 小题；每小题2 分，共28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂
黑．
A
If you are planning to start a career in the field of education，science，or culture，then an internship（实习） at
UNESCO will be ideal for you．
Who can apply？
You have completed your full-time university studies；or．
You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree．
Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution．
What are the requirements？
You must be at least 20 years old．
You should have a good command （掌握） of either English or French．
You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software．
You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment．
You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills．
What do you need to prepare？
Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas．
Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship．
Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in the target
country for the entire period of the internship．UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for
the internship period．
Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work．
Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form．
Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months．We do not
respond to every candidate．If selected，you will be contacted by a manager．If you do not receive any update within
six months，it means that your application has not been successful．
21. According to this passage，applicants are required to________．
A. hold a master's degree in science
B. have international work experience
C. be fluent in either English or French
D. present a letter from a technical institution
22. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period？
A. Limited medical insurance coverage．
B. Training in communication skills．
C. A medical certificate for work．
D. Financial support for travel．
23. What should applicants do before filling out the application form？
A. Contact UNESCO managers．
B. Get access to the database．
C. Keep a motivation letter at hand．
D. Work in a team for six months．
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是联合国教科文组织的实习项目。
【21 题详解】
细节理解题。根据What are the requirements？部分的You should have a good command （掌握） of either English
or French（你应该精通英语或法语）可知，申请者必须精通英语或法语，故选C。
【22 题详解】
细节理解题。根据What do you need to prepare？部分的UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to
USD30,000 for the internship period（联合国教科文组织将为实习期间提供不超过3 万美元的有限保险）可知，教
科文组织为实习期间提供有限的医疗保险，故选A。
【23 题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form
（在填写申请表之前，你应该准备好你的动机信）可知，在填写申请表之前，申请人应将动机信放在手边，故
选C。
B
I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期） project of
volunteering at a non-profit organization．When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our
help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not
going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．
Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me．After doing some research，
I believed that we could really do something for those kids．When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of
the Iraqi children．Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined
this project without hesitation．We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——
one kit，one child．
The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally
came together．When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day
would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child．Over the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel
once our project was completed．While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it．I
had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on．When the kits
were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget．
In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person．Now that our project is over，I
realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to
further their education．
24. How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？
A. It would affect his/her initial plans．
B. It would involve traveling overseas．
C It would not bring him/her a good grade．
D. It would not live up to his/her expectations．
25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？
A. Images of Iraqi children．
B. Research by his/her classmates．
C. A teacher's introduction．
D. A representative's comments．
26. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to________．.
A. become OIC volunteers
B. further their education
C. study in foreign countries
D. influence other children
27. What can we conclude from this passage？
A. One's potential cannot always be underrated．
B. First impression cannot always be trusted．
C. Actions speak louder than words．
D. He who hesitates is lost．
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努
力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。
【24 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last
choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to
make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．”（当老师向我们介绍了需要我们帮助的不同组织
时，我最后的选择是伊拉克儿童行动(OIC)。我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影
响。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望。故选D。
【25 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children．Their faces
were so powerful in sending a message of their despair （绝望） and need that I joined this project without
hesitation．”（当我上网访问OIC 网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸上传递的信息是绝望和需要
帮助，我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。）可知，伊拉克儿童图片帮助作者改变了他对这个项目的态度。故选
A。
【26 题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．
With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education．”（现在我们的项目结束了，
我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，10 名男孩和女孩现在将能
够继续接受教育。）可知，作者的伊拉克儿童行动组织帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。故选B。
【27 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a
difference with the plans I had in mind．”（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影
响。）和最后一段“In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person ．Now
that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and
girls will now be able to further their education．”（一开始，我鼓励自己去改变另一个人的生活。现在我们的项
目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，十名男孩和女
孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过
努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。故选B。
【点睛】
C
Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last
December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many
areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”.
A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create
global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled
pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also
unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in
flexibility.
The international scholars’ warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen.
Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday
civilization. Among the signatories(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the “ecological footprint”
concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current
footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly
within this century,” Johnson said in an email.
“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,” the December warning letter says, “can we have the
hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored.
We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,
Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)
In the incurable form of hope.
The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. “Let's
look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the
best of a troubling future.”
28. What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Scientific.
B. Credible.
C. Original.
D. Relevant.
29. As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is________.
A. worried
B. puzzled
C. surprised
D. scared
30. What can we learn from this passage?
A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits.
B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.
C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized.
D. The global collapse is well underway.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章阐述了全球崩塌（global collapse）的概念。数百名科学家、作家和学者在去年
12 月发表的一封公开信中向全人类发出了警告：政策制定者和我们每个人必须直面“全球崩塌”的风险。文章
具体阐释了学者们对这一概念的定义、理解和它的现实意义。
【28 题详解】
词义猜测题。根据该词所在的具体语境，第三段第一句“The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is
especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most
technologically advanced nations.”（呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注，尤其与此时此刻的情况密切相关：此时此
刻，在世界上技术最先进的国家，仍处于无法控制流行病和经济危机的泥潭中），下文也提到，一场病毒肆虐，
一个国家社会停止了运转，大流行无法控制，经济下行，这样的事情在不久之前都是无法想象，不可思议
（unthinkable）的，即世界充满了不确定性。而此时此刻呼吁人们对这种unthinkable 加以关注，正是和此时此
刻的世界实况密切相关。A. Scientific 科学的；B. Credible 可信的，可靠的；C. Original 原来的，原创的；D.
Relevant 相关的，有重大关系的。根据上面的分析，仅有D 符合语境，故选D。
【29 题详解】
推理判断题。本题要求判断作者的情感态度，根据原文第五段“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely
to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望
事情在未来会变好）和倒数最后一段的呼吁，例如“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal
with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”（他们说，“让我们直面全球
崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么糟。”）可知，作者认为公众对“全
球崩塌”的重视意识不够，比较担心，A. worried 担忧的；B. puzzled 困惑的，茫然的；C. surprised 惊讶的；D.
scared 害怕的，综合以上的分析，可见作者对此是“担忧的”，故选A。
【30 题详解】
推理判断题。原文诗歌“Man is a victim of dope; In the incurable form of hope.”（人类是麻醉品的受害者；沉迷
于无可救药的幻想中）表达的是，人类无视未来全球崩塌的巨大危险，把头埋进沙子里，假装不知道，充满不
切实际的幻想和希望。而诗歌前面的段落就提到“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored.
We all want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情在未来
会变好），结合上下文，这里指的是人们都幻想着未来就会变好。诗歌之后的最后一段则提到执着于“quieting
hope that ignores preparedness.”（掐灭不做准备的空有幻想），接着又借学者之口，提到“Let's look directly into
the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a
troubling future.”（他们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未
来没那么糟。”）可见，上下文一脉相承，表达相同的一方观点，未对另一方的观点有任何呈现，理解文章后
可知，作者有明显的态度倾向，作者对于这首诗表达的信息是赞同的，故选B。
D
Early fifth-century philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked
him．Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it．
Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively
tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking．
Forget about time as an absolute．What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to
ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？We're increasingly
aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调
节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．What if our definition of time reflected that？
Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet，
conditions that might change as a result of global warming．We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that
reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes．
We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate．If the rivers run
faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time．If they run slower，you'll see the opposite
effect．
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics．It's a sort of observatory
that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us to witness those
changes on our smartwatches or phones．Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with
the planet．Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be
motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies．
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to
natural phenomena．In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates
forward or backward to reflect the change of season．Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their
survival．Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental
awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable
qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as
praiseworthy as its purpose．
31 What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature．
B. Everyone can define time on their own terms．
C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it．
D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists．
32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to________．
A. present an assumption
B. evaluate an argument
C. highlight an experiment
D. introduce an approach
33. What can we learn from this passage？
A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life．
B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems．
C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower．
D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame．
34. What can we infer from this passage？
A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time．
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C. We should live in harmony with nature．
D. History is a mirror reflecting reality．
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境。
【31 题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer
depends on the question you're asking．(即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是什么，因为答案取决
于你要问的问题)”以及上文列举的哲学家St．Augustine 和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断，第一段主要讲述每
个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选B 项。
【32 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering
alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．(我们越来越意识到，
我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”进而
提出问题“What if our definition of time reflected that？(如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢)”，结合前两个问题
“ What if ，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology ？What if we allowed
environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？(如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间
与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢)”可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了
介绍方法。故选D 项。
【33 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their
present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time．If they run
slower，you'll see the opposite effect．（如果水道继续以目前的速度流动，我们对它进行了编程，匹配了一个原
子时间。如果河流在未来的平均运行速度更快，时间就会超过标准时间。如果它们的运行速度较慢，你就会看
到相反的效果。）”可知，如果河流运行速度得较慢，原子时间将超过河流时间。故选C 项。
【34 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering
alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．(我们越来越意识到，
我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”和倒
数第二段的“Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival ．Likewise，river time and other
timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness(时间与环境的暂时联系对它们的生存
至关重要。同样，河流时间和我们正在开发的其他时间保护系统也可能会鼓励人们提高环境意识)”可推断，从这
篇文章中我们知道我们应该与自然和谐共处，保护环境。故选C。
第二节（共5 小题；每小题2 分，共10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
选项中有两项为多余选项．
Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____35____ The mental health
benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the
scenes．
____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分
心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to
less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the idea
is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，
listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of
stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo
that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers
monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the
participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit．
____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which
is what makes music so valuable．
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
【答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
【35 题详解】
空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F 选
项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety 中的stress and anxiety 照应了mental
health benefits，因此F 选项切合题意，故选F。
【36 题详解】
空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，
当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However 表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B 选项
Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud 中的harmful 就是负面评价，因此B 选项切合题意，故选
B。
【37 题详解】
空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些
轻松的音乐），D 选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep 中的sleep 和going to bed
相呼应，因此D 选项切合题意，故选D。
【38 题详解】
空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and
blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G 选项
Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were 中的heart rates 和前面的heart rates 相
照应，因此G 选项切合题意，故选G。
【39 题详解】
空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for ，which is
what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价
值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E 选项The implications of music on overall well-being are
really impressive 讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E 选项切合题意，故选E。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共4 小题；第40、41 题各2 分，第42 题3 分，第43 题5 分，共12 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced
or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or
classmates rather than holding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns
and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without
stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming
out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a
study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an
argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an
argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving
an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no
increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument
can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed．
Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be
because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what
matters and what does not．
It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．
40. According to this passage，what is arguing？
41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why．
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of
you getting angry．
43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？
（In about 40 words）
【答案】40. Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party．
41. It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．
42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance
of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
43. Resolving arguments can also improve people's logical thinking and resilience, and improve their relationship with
each other.（参考答案）
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全
消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。
【40 题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and
issues related to those concerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问
题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguing is discussing your
worries，related feelings and problems with the other party．
【41 题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an
argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities ．You are more likely to
distinguish between what matters and what does not．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可
能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）
可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because more life experience
may help people better identify priorities in life．
【42 题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to
it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．”（如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或
几乎）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降
低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，
because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease
your reactivity．
【43 题详解】
考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故可能
答案版本一为Resolving arguments can also improve people's logical thinking and resilience, and improve their
relationship with each other.
第二节（20 分）
44. 【北京卷】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和英国好友Jim 原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约。请
你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.表达歉意并说明原因；
2.提出建议并给出理由。
注意：
1 词数100 左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to inform you that I can’t go out with you this weekend. I’ve just been told that I have to go and visit my
sick grandfather in the countryside, who was suddenly admitted to the hospital. I hope the change won’t cause you too
much trouble.
How about going out next Saturday morning? If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at the school gate at 9: 00. Please
let me know what time suits you best. I should be available anytime next weekend.
In addition, next Saturday, there will be a flower show in Beihai Park. Then we can go to see the flowers together.
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国好友Jim 写一封电子邮件，就因故不能赴约而致歉并建议
再约。
【详解】1.词汇积累
通知：tell→inform
麻烦：problem→trouble
怎么样：what about→how about
适合：fit→suit
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I should be available anytime next weekend.
拓展句：I should be available anytime next weekend so that I can go out with you and have a good time.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m sorry to inform you that I can’t go out with you this weekend. (运用了that 引导
宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I’ve just been told that I have to go and visit my sick grandfather in the countryside, who was suddenly
admitted to the hospital. (运用了who 引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型3] Please let me know what time suits you best.(运用了what 引导的宾语从句)
