ARTICLE · 1133461
2015 年英语二· Text 1 真题精讲
2015 年英语二· Text 1 真题精讲考研英语（二）· 真题阅读精讲 2015 英语二 Text 1 精讲 在家比上班更累：一项颠覆常识的压力研究 体裁：社会研究评论（职场 × 家庭 × 性别） 来源：美国媒体专栏 全文 6 段 · 5 道题 · 建议精读 25 分钟 答案速览（逐题精讲见第二部分） 21.D 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.B 第一部分｜全文翻译 × 长难句标注 标注说明：谓语动词 红色加粗｜连词与从句引导词 蓝色加粗｜从句整体 黄色荧光标注 全文脉络： P1 研究颠覆常识——在家压力大于上班 → P2 更多反常识发现：男女都在家更紧绷，无子女者尤甚 → P3 研究未测的那部分：家务让女性永远下不了班 → P4 不止是性别问题：职场的"交易"清晰直白 → P5 家中困境：分工模糊、报酬缺失、家人无法解雇 → P6 收束：任务无穷 + 同事难带 Paragraph 1 研究颠覆常识：家竟不是减压之地 ① A new study suggeststhat contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. ② Researchers measured people's cortisol, whichis a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at whatis supposed to be a place of refuge. 长难句拆解｜第①句 主干：A new study suggests + that 引导宾语从句从句内部：contrary to most surveys 为插入的介词短语作状语（与大多数调查结论相反）——本句的"反差感"全由它撑起来断句：A new study suggests / that contrary to most surveys, / people are actually more stressed at home than at work考点：contrary to 与…相反；more… than… 比较结构。本题 21 题答案就源自"most surveys"这一旧认知 长难句拆解｜第②句 主干：Researchers measured cortisol… and found it higher…定语从句：which is a stress marker 修饰 cortisol——"一种压力标记物"时间状语从句：两个 while 并列，构成"上班时 vs 在家时"的对照宾语从句：what is supposed to be a place of refuge 作介词 at 的宾语——"本应是避风港的地方"断句：Researchers measured people's cortisol, which is a stress marker, / while they were at work and while they were at home / and found it higher / at what is supposed to be a place of refuge考点：cortisol 皮质醇（压力激素）；refuge 避难所、避风港。这句是全文实验依据，"a place of refuge"暗含讽刺 参考译文 ① 一项新研究显示，与大多数调查结论相反，人们在家其实比上班压力更大。② 研究人员测量了人们的皮质醇（一种压力标记物），分别在他们上班时和在家时进行测量，结果发现，在本应是"避风港"的家里，皮质醇水平反而更高。 生词短语
Paragraph 2 更多反常识发现：男女皆然，无子女者尤甚 ① "Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we foundthat women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home," writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. ② In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. ③ "It is men, not women, whoreport being happier at home than at work." ④ Another surprise isthat the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. ⑤ This iswhy people whowork outside the homehave better health. 长难句拆解｜第①句 主干：we found + that 引导宾语从句句首 Further contradicting conventional wisdom 为现在分词短语作状语——"这进一步颠覆了传统观念"从句主语：women as well as men——as well as 连接并列成分，谓语随前面的 women 走断句：Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found / that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home考点：conventional wisdom 传统观念。注意引文虽由 Damaske 说出，但她是研究团队的作者，观点即研究结论 长难句拆解｜第③④句 句③ 强调句：It is men, not women, who report…——"是男性、而非女性，称自己在家更快乐"（who 引导定语从句修饰 men）句④ another surprise is that…：that 引导表语从句；both those with children and without 为并列结构，without 后省略 children（有子女者与无子女者皆然）断句：Another surprise is / that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, / but more so for nonparents考点：hold true for 对…同样适用；nonparents 无子女者。这里 22 题答案已经呼之欲出——"更明显的是无子女者" 参考译文 ① 研究人员之一莎拉·达马斯克写道："这进一步颠覆了传统观念：我们发现，女性和男性一样，在职场承受的压力都低于在家。"② 她指出，事实上女性甚至表示自己在工作时感觉更好。③ "在家里比上班更快乐，报告的其实是男性，而不是女性。"④ 另一个意外发现是：这一结论对有子女者和无子女者同样成立，但在无子女者身上更为明显。⑤ 这正是外出工作的人健康状况更好的原因。 生词短语
Paragraph 3 研究没测的那部分：家务让女性永远下不了班 ① What the study doesn't measureiswhether people are still doing work when they 're at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. ② For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. ③ For women whostay home, they never get to leave the office. ④ And for women whowork outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. ⑤ With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it 's not surprising that women are more stressed at home. 长难句拆解｜第①句 结构：What the study doesn't measure 为主语从句，is 后接两个 whether 引导的表语从句（并列）断句：What the study doesn't measure / is whether people are still doing work when they're at home, / whether it is household work or work brought home from the office考点：work brought home 过去分词短语作后置定语——"被带回家的工作"。本句提示读者：研究的空白处，正是压力真正的来源 长难句拆解｜第⑤句 主干：it's not surprising + that 引导主语从句（it 为形式主语）句首 With… 为 with 复合结构作原因状语：With the blurring of roles（角色模糊）＋ the fact that…（同位语从句解释 the fact）同位语从句内部：the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women——"家庭这一端在为职场女性作出调整方面，远远落后于职场"断句：With the blurring of roles, / and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace / in making adjustments for working women, / it's not surprising that women are more stressed at home考点：the blurring of roles 角色界限模糊——23 题直接考这个词组的意思；lag behind 落后于；home front 家庭这一方（源自战时"后方"） 参考译文 ① 这项研究没有衡量的是：人们在家时是否还在干活——无论是家务，还是从办公室带回家的活儿。② 对许多男性而言，下班就是放松休息的时间。③ 而对全职在家的女性来说，她们从来就没能"下班"。④ 至于外出工作的女性，她们常常在追赶落下的家务。⑤ 角色界限日益模糊，加上家庭这一端在为职场女性作出调整方面远远落后于职场，女性在家压力更大也就不足为奇了。 生词短语
Paragraph 4 不止是性别问题：职场的"交易"清晰直白 ① But it 's not just a gender thing. ② At work, people pretty much knowwhat they 're supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks theyhave to do in order to draw an income. ③ The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. 长难句拆解｜第②③句 句② 主干：people know + what 引导宾语从句；冒号后 working / making money / doing the tasks 三个动名词并列，解释"该做什么"定语的嵌套：the tasks (that) they have to do（省略 that 的定语从句）→ in order to draw an income（目的状语）句③ 主干：The bargain is very pure；冒号后为主谓＋主谓的对称结构——puts in（投入）& draws out（换取），一进一出，把职场关系写成了一笔干净利落的买卖断句：Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor / and employee draws out life-sustaining moola考点：moola 为口语词，指"钱、钞票"（24 题词义题）；bargain n. 交易、协议。注意 draw in / draw out 的对照，正是判断 moola = 报酬的关键语境 参考译文 ① 但这不单是性别问题。② 在职场，人们大体上清楚自己该做什么：干活、挣钱、完成那些为了换取收入而必须完成的任务。③ 这笔交易十分纯粹：员工投入数小时的体力或脑力劳动，然后取出维持生计的"钞票"。 生词短语
Paragraph 5 家中困境：分工模糊、报酬缺失、家人无法解雇 ① On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. ② Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. ③ There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. ④ Your home colleagues — your family — have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, orif they 're teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. ⑤ Plus, they 're your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home. 长难句拆解｜第②句 结构：全倒装句——Rare is the household…，正常语序为 The household in which… is rare倒装动因：Rare 提至句首强调"罕见"，谓语 is 随之倒装定语从句：in which 引导修饰 the household——"把分工安排得如此冷静而井井有条的家庭"断句：Rare is the household / in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out考点：the division of labor 劳动分工——25 题的定位词就藏在这里；clinically 冷静客观地；methodically 有条不紊地。倒装句式 = 出题点 长难句拆解｜第④⑤句 句④ 主干：Your home colleagues have no clear rewards; they need to be talked into it…（分号连接两个分句）从句：if they're teenagers 条件状语从句；threatened with… 为过去分词短语，与 need to be talked into it 并列（不听话就"没收全部电子设备"）句⑤ 三个短句层层递进：they're your family（是家人）→ You cannot fire your family（不能解雇）→ You never really get to go home from home（永远回不了"家"）断句：they need to be talked into it, / or if they're teenagers, / threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices考点：talk sb into (doing) sth 说服某人做某事；fire v. 解雇。⑤句的双关 go home from home 是本文最妙的一处俏皮话，读作"离开了家就真的算回到家了" 参考译文 ① 然而在家庭这一端，人们却没有这样的清晰度。② 能把劳动分工安排得如此冷静、如此有条不紊的家庭，实在罕见。③ 要做的事很多，而其中大多数都得不到足够的回报。④ 你的"家庭同事"——也就是你的家人——他们的付出并没有明确的报酬；你得靠劝，若是十几岁的孩子，就得靠威胁"没收全部电子设备"。⑤ 何况，他们是你的家人。你没法解雇家人。你其实永远也无法真正"从家里回到家"。 生词短语
Paragraph 6 收束：任务无穷，同事难带 ① So it 's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. ② Not onlyare the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate. 长难句拆解｜第②句 结构：Not only 置于句首引起的部分倒装——助动词 are 提到主语 the tasks 之前正常语序：The tasks are not only apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate断句：Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, / the co-workers are much harder to motivate考点：not only… （but）… 句式；infinite 无限的；motivate v. 激励。全文用"任务无限 + 同事难激励"两句收尾，把公司比喻延伸到家庭——家用职场逻辑去经营，注定碰壁 参考译文 ① 所以，人们在家压力更大也就不足为奇了。② 不仅任务显然无穷无尽，而且"同事"要难带得多。 生词短语
第二部分｜四步法逐题精讲
第 21 题｜细节题（反向定位） 21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_______. [A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B] generated more stress than the workplace[C] was an ideal place for stress measurement[D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace STEP 1 · 找定位词 ① Paragraph 1（范围锁定第一段）② most previous surveys（题干问的是"旧调查"的看法，不是本文新研究的结论——这是本题最大的坑）③ home（问"家"在旧调查里是什么角色） STEP 2 · 找定位句 【定位】第一段第①句"A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work." 题干 most previous surveys ↔ 原文 most surveys（同义复现）；题干 found ↔ 原文 suggests。定位句已锁定，剩下的事就是"反向读"。 STEP 3 · 精读定位句 关键在于 contrary to（与…相反）：新研究说"在家压力更大"，那么旧调查（most surveys）的结论必然反过来——即认为"在家压力更小、更放松"。这是一道典型的反向定位题：题目问 A 方观点，原文只给了"A 与 B 相反、B 是什么"，就要自行倒推 A。 STEP 4 · 匹配选项 √ 正确答案：D offered greater relaxation than the workplace ↔ contrary to most surveys… more stressed at home than at work（旧调查认为家比职场更放松，与新研究相反，正反互推） × 干扰项排除 [A] "家不是现实的放松场所"是新研究的意思（refuge 落空），不是旧调查的看法——正反颠倒[B] "家带来的压力大于职场"同样是把新研究结论安到旧调查头上——正反颠倒[C] 原文只说测量了皮质醇，从未讨论"家是否适合测量压力"——无中生有 第 22 题｜细节题（人物匹配） 22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home? [A] Working mothers.[B] Childless husbands.[C] Childless wives.[D] Working fathers. STEP 1 · 找定位词 ① Damaske（人名大写，锁定研究者的原话区间）② happiest at home（最高级：注意原文是 happier，题干升级为 happiest + 限定 at home）③ 四个选项实为两组变量：性别 × 有无子女——回原文逐项核对 STEP 2 · 找定位句 【定位】第二段第③④句"③ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work." ＋ "④ Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents." 题干 happiest at home ↔ 句③ happier at home；题干"最"的程度升级，要靠句④的 more so for nonparents 来补足。两句必须合起来读。 STEP 3 · 精读定位句 句③先定"性别"：在家更快乐的是男性，不是女性。句④再定"子女"：这一结论在无子女者身上表现得更明显。两个维度叠加——在家最快乐的，就是"没有孩子的丈夫"。题干用最高级 happiest，正是在提示我们做这个叠加。 STEP 4 · 匹配选项 √ 正确答案：B Childless husbands ↔ it is men, not women, who report being happier at home ＋ more so for nonparents（性别＋子女状况双条件叠加） × 干扰项排除 [A] 原文明确"It is men, not women"——女性不在其列，反了——反向干扰[C] 同上，性别判断错误——反向干扰[D] working fathers 偷换了"有无子女"这一维：原文说的是 nonparents（无子女者）更明显，父亲属有子女一方——偷换概念（半对半错，最具迷惑性） 第 23 题｜词句理解题 23. The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that _______. [A] they are both bread winners and housewives[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office STEP 1 · 找定位词 ① The blurring of working women's roles（题干原词，直接回原文找 the blurring of roles）② refers to（理解题标志：答案 = 用通俗语言解释该表达，不是找同词）③ working women（限定人群：外出工作的女性，不是所有女性） STEP 2 · 找定位句 【定位】第三段第④⑤句"④ And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. ⑤ With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it's not surprising that women are more stressed at home." 题干原词 the blurring of roles ↔ 原文第⑤句原词；但要解出它的"所指"，必须看前文③④句铺垫的两种身份。 STEP 3 · 精读定位句 ③句说"全职在家的女性从没能下班"，④句说"外出工作的女性还在追赶家务"。把两类女性的处境合起来看：职场女性既是挣钱的人（work outside the home / draw an income），又是干家务的人（household tasks）——两种角色叠在一人身上、界限不清，这就是 the blurring of roles 的准确含义。 STEP 4 · 匹配选项 √ 正确答案：A they are both bread winners and housewives ↔ work outside the home（挣钱养家）＋ playing catch-up-with-household tasks（操持家务）——两种身份合一，正是"角色模糊" × 干扰项排除 [B] kick back（歇一歇）是原文形容"许多男性"的，女性恰恰得不到——张冠李戴[C] "家务落在身后"是现象之一，但只是解题素材、非"角色模糊"本身；且漏掉了"挣钱者"这一半——以偏概全[D] "难以离开办公室"对应的是全职在家的女性（never get to leave the office），对象错位——张冠李戴 第 24 题｜词义猜测题 24. The word "moola" (Line 4, Para 4) most probably means_______. [A] energy[B] skills[C] earnings[D] nutrition STEP 1 · 找定位词 ① moola（生词，行号已给出：第四段第四行）② most probably means（猜词题：绝不能凭这个词本身，必须靠上下文线索）③ 语境线索：所在句的 puts in … and draws out … 对照结构 STEP 2 · 找定位句 【定位】第四段第③句"The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola." 题干已把范围锁定在第四段；该句正是对"交易"（bargain）的展开说明——moola 就是这笔交易里员工换得的东西。 STEP 3 · 精读定位句 两条线索：①对照结构——puts in（投入）劳力 ↔ draws out（取出）moola，一进一出，取出的是投入的"对价"；②搭配线索——life-sustaining（维持生计的），能"维持生计"的只能是钱。再回看第二句"in order to draw an income"（为领取收入），显然 moola 与 income 同指。它是口语词，相当于 money，故义为"报酬、收入"。 STEP 4 · 匹配选项 √ 正确答案：C earnings ↔ draws out life-sustaining moola（维持生计的收入）＋ 同段 draw an income、making money 呼应 × 干扰项排除 [A] energy 会被误选，因为前文有 physical or mental labor，但那是"投入"的一方，不是"取出"的——偷换概念[B] skills 原文未出现，与"维持生计"毫无关联——无中生有[D] nutrition 是凭"维持生计"联想到"滋养"的字面误导，与上下文的"交易、收入"语境不合——字面混淆 第 25 题｜推论题（对比总结） 25. The home front differs from the workplace in that _______. [A] home is hardly a cozier working environment[B] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded STEP 1 · 找定位词 ① The home front（家庭这一方，全文对比的另一端）② differs from the workplace（对比题：答案必然是"家与职场的差异"，不是任意陈述）③ in that（因为、在于——问差异"体现在哪一点"，答的是根本区别） STEP 2 · 找定位句 【定位】第五段第①②句"① On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. ② Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out."【对应】第四段第②③句：At work, people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing… The bargain is very pure… 题干 differs from the workplace ↔ 原文的 however（转折）＋ no such clarity（"没有那样的清晰"）——such 指代的就是职场那种清晰。定位句成对出现。 STEP 3 · 精读定位句 职场一边：任务明确、交易纯粹，"该干什么"人人心里有数。家庭一边：no such clarity，分工能像职场那样清楚罗列的极少（倒装 Rare is… 强调"罕见"）。所以两端的根本差别在于——职场的分工清晰，家庭的分工几乎说不清。③④⑤句讲的"报酬不足、家人不可解雇"都是这层区别的延伸。 STEP 4 · 匹配选项 √ 正确答案：B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut ↔ people have no such clarity ＋ Rare is the household in which the division of labor is… laid out（seldom clear-cut＝罕见清晰，同义改写） × 干扰项排除 [A] "家算不上更舒适的工作环境"是对 cozy 的主观发挥，原文未作此比较——无中生有[C] 原文说家务"报酬不足"、同事"难以激励"，motivating 正好说反——反向干扰[D] 原文明确 inadequate rewards（报酬不足）、no clear rewards（无明确报酬），adequately rewarded 与原文相反——反向干扰 答案速查｜本期 21-25
一句话方法：本篇最大的命题手法是"反着问"与"叠加问"——21 题拿新研究反推旧调查（contrary to 是路标），22 题把"性别＋有无子女"两个条件叠起来（happier → happiest）。读文时留意 contrary to、however、no such、rare 这类对比与否定信号词，答案多半就藏在它们的对面。
STEP 1 找定位词 | STEP 2 找定位句 | STEP 3 精读定位句 | STEP 4 匹配选项 |
题号 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
答案 | D | B | A | C | B |
定位 | P1 ① | P2 ③④ | P3 ④⑤ | P4 ③ | P5 ①② |
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