剑雅真题精读笔记丨剑16-Test3-Passage2

剑雅16-Test3-Passage2

一、 雅思核心词汇 (Key IELTS Vocabulary)

1. artefacts /ˈɑːtɪfækts/ (n.) - 人工制品，文物（尤指有考古价值的）

• The glaciers are revealing ancient artefacts preserved for thousands of years.

2. archaeologists /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪsts/ (n.) - 考古学家

• Glacial archaeologists must work quickly to preserve finds.

3. insights /ˈɪnsaɪts/ (n.) - 深刻见解，洞察

• Artefacts provide surprising insights into ancient livelihoods.

4. organic materials /ɔːˈɡænɪk məˈtɪəriəlz/ (n.) - 有机材料

• Textiles and hides are examples of organic materials that decay easily.

5. microorganisms /ˌmaɪkrəʊˈɔːɡənɪzəmz/ (n.) - 微生物

• Microorganisms cause the decay of organic artefacts.

6. degradation /ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃn/ (n.) - 退化，降解

• Once thawed, materials undergo swift degradation.

7. thawed out /θɔːd aʊt/ (v.) - （使）解冻，融化

• Artefacts are at risk once they have thawed out.

8. systematic /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/ (adj.) - 系统性的，有条理的

• Archaeologists must take a systematic approach to fieldwork.

9. surveyed /səˈveɪd/ (v.) - 调查，勘测

• The team surveyed patches of ice over a nine-year period.

10. congregated /ˈkɒŋɡrɪɡeɪtɪd/ (v.) - 聚集

• Reindeer congregated on icy patches to escape insects.

11. traversing /trəˈvɜːsɪŋ/ (v.) - 横穿，穿越

• Hunters traversed the high mountain passes.

12. discarded /dɪsˈkɑːdɪd/ (v.) - 丢弃，抛弃

• Broken bows were often discarded by hunters.

13. daunting /ˈdɔːntɪŋ/ (adj.) - 令人生畏的，艰巨的

• Oppland’s mountains present daunting terrain.

14. terrain /təˈreɪn/ (n.) - 地形，地带

• The mountainous terrain made travel difficult.

15. venturing /ˈventʃərɪŋ/ (v.) - 冒险前往

• Hunters kept venturing into the mountains despite the cold.

16. supplement /ˈsʌplɪment/ (v.) - 补充，增补

• Mountain hunting increased to supplement failing harvests.

17. disintegrated /dɪsˈɪntɪɡreɪtɪd/ (v.) - 瓦解，碎裂

• Some artefacts may have already disintegrated.

18. retreating /rɪˈtriːtɪŋ/ (adj.) - 后退的，消退的

• Archaeologists study artefacts from retreating ice.

二、 固定词组与搭配 (Fixed Phrases & Collocations)

1. make one's living /meɪk wʌnz ˈlɪvɪŋ/ - 谋生

• Insights into how ancient Norwegians made their livings.

2. race the clock /reɪs ðə klɒk/ - 争分夺秒，与时间赛跑

• Archaeologists need to race the clock to find artefacts.

3. windblown /ˈwɪndbləʊn/ - 被风吹的

• If something dries and is windblown, it might be lost.

4. be buried beneath /bi ˈberid bɪˈniːθ/ - 被埋在...之下

• Bedrock is buried beneath snow for nine months.

5. stick to lower elevations /stɪk tə ˈləʊər ˌelɪˈveɪʃnz/ - 停留在较低海拔

• People were assumed to stick to lower elevations during cold periods.

6. make up for /meɪk ʌp fɔː(r)/ - 补偿，弥补

• People depended on hunting to make up for crop losses.

7. fight off the cold /faɪt ɒf ðə kəʊld/ - 抵御寒冷

• Hides were in demand to fight off the cold.

8. boom 在这里是形容词，a booming demand /ə ˈbuːmɪŋ dɪˈmɑːnd/ - 激增的需求

• Export markets created a booming demand for hides.

三、 长难句解析 (Complex Sentence Analysis)

1. 原文: "Organic materials like textiles and hides are relatively rare finds at archaeological sites because unless they’re protected from the microorganisms that cause decay, they tend not to last long."

• 结构分析: 这是一个多重复合句。

• 主句: Organic materials... are relatively rare finds...

• 原因状语从句: because... they tend not to last long.

• 条件状语从句 (嵌套在原因状语从句中): unless they’re protected from the microorganisms...

• 定语从句 (修饰"microorganisms"): that cause decay

• 中文释义: 像纺织品和皮革这类有机材料在考古遗址中是比较罕见的发现，因为除非它们受到保护，免于那些导致腐烂的微生物的侵害，否则它们往往无法长久保存。

• 学习要点: 学习 unless (除非) 引导的条件句，以及 A because B, unless C 的逻辑链构建。

2. 原文: "The slow but steady movement of glaciers tends to destroy anything at their bases, so the team focused on stationary patches of ice, mostly above 1,400 metres."

• 结构分析: 这是一个so连接的因果复合句。

• 原因分句: The slow but steady movement... tends to destroy anything...

• 结果分句: so the team focused on stationary patches of ice...

• 后置定语: mostly above 1,400 metres 修饰 patches of ice。

• 中文释义: 冰川缓慢但持续的运动往往会摧毁其底部的一切，因此研究团队将重点放在了静止的冰原上，这些冰原大多在海拔1400米以上。

• 学习要点: 学习用 so 清晰表达因果关系，以及用形容词短语 (stationary) 和后置定语 (mostly above...) 精确描述名词。

3. 原文: "They found that some periods had produced lots of artefacts, which indicates that people had been pretty active in the mountains during those times."

• 结构分析: 这是一个主句+宾语从句+非限制性定语从句的结构。

• 主句: They found...

• 宾语从句: that some periods had produced lots of artefacts

• 非限制性定语从句 (修饰整个前面的宾语从句): which indicates...

• 嵌套的宾语从句: that people had been pretty active...

• 中文释义: 他们发现某些时期出土了大量文物，这表明那些时期人类在山区的活动相当频繁。

• 学习要点: 学习使用 which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，这是学术写作中常见的扩展信息的方式。

4. 原文: "The researchers say that could be because many of those artefacts have already disintegrated or are still frozen in the ice."

• 结构分析: 这是一个包含表语从句的复合句。

• 主句: The researchers say...

• 省略了 that 的宾语从句: (that) that could be...

• 表语从句: because many... have disintegrated or are still frozen...

• 中文释义: 研究人员表示，原因可能是许多该时期的文物已经分解，或者仍冻结在冰层中。

• 学习要点: 注意 that could be because... 这一常用解释原因的句型。同时，or 连接了两个平行的谓语 (have disintegrated 和 are still frozen)。