ARTICLE · 1158331
初中英语语法(名词篇)
初中英语语法(名词篇)语法不用死记硬背,吃透这一套,搞定名词核心考点✨ 一、名词 (一)名词的分类与数 1. 可数名词与不可数名词的基本区分 可数名词有单复数形式,可用 a/an 修饰,可用 many/few 修饰; 不可数名词没有复数形式,用 much/little 修饰,需借助量词表达数量。 这是名词学习的基础,也是语法填空、短文改错高频考点。 ①I have a book and many pens. ②There is much water in the bottle. ③She gave me a piece of advice. 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 英语中有大量名词复数变化不规则,需逐个记忆。 ✅以-f/fe结尾变-ves(如leaf→leaves) ✅以-o结尾部分加-es(如hero→heroes) ✅元音变化(如man→men) ✅单复数同形(如sheep→sheep) ①The children are playing in the garden. ②Three women doctors came to help. ③There are many deer in the forest. 3. 复合名词的复数形式 复合名词变复数时,通常在核心名词上加复数。若无核心名词,则在词尾加-s。 👉passer-by→passers-by(过路人),sister-in-law→sisters-in-law(嫂子) 👉grown-up→grown-ups(成年人),在词尾变化 ①Two passers-by witnessed the accident. ②All the lookers-on were excited. 4. 集体名词的单复数用法 集体名词如family、team、class、audience等: 🔹强调整体时 → 作单数 🔹强调个体成员时 → 作复数 police、cattle等总是用作复数。主谓一致重要考点! ①My family is a large one.(整体) ②My family are all music lovers.(个体) ③The police are searching for the thief. 5. 不可数名词的具体化用法 某些不可数名词在特定语境中可转化为可数名词,表示“一种/一场/一份”。 👉a success(一个成功的人/事)、a beauty(一个美人)、a heavy rain(一场大雨) ①The party was a great success. ②What a surprise you gave us! ③She is a beauty in everyone’s eyes. 6. 常考不可数名词归纳 🔥必背不可数名词(不能直接加a/an) advice、information、news、furniture、equipment、luggage、progress、weather、work(工作)、knowledge ①I need some information about the train schedule. ②The furniture in this room is very expensive. ③What fine weather we have today! 7. 名词作定语时的单复数规则 名词作定语修饰另一名词时,通常用单数形式,哪怕含义是复数。 👉apple trees(苹果树)、shoe shops(鞋店) ⚠️特殊:man/woman作定语,要和后面名词的数保持一致 ①There are many apple trees in the orchard. ②Two women doctors are on duty today. ③I bought a pair of sports shoes yesterday. 8. 双重所有格的用法 双重所有格: of+名词’s 或 of+名词性物主代词 含义:其中之一,常带有感情色彩 👉a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一个朋友) 👉that lovely dog of yours(你那条可爱的狗) ①He is a friend of my brother’s. ②That car of yours is really cool. ③I love this beautiful painting of Li’s. 9. 名词所有格的省略用法 名词所有格修饰的名词,若前文出现,或是店铺、住所、教堂,可以省略。 👉at the doctor’s(在诊所)、go to my uncle’s(去我叔叔家) ①I’m going to the butcher’s to buy some meat. ②We had dinner at the Smiths’ last night. 10. 名词后缀与词性转换 名词后缀,动词/形容词变名词核心: ▫️-tion/-sion(education) ▫️-ment(movement) ▫️-ness(kindness) ▫️-ity(reality) ▫️-ance/-ence(importance) ①Education is the key to success. ②Your kindness will never be forgotten. ③The importance of health cannot be overstated. (二)名词的格与功能 11. ’s所有格与of所有格的使用场合 ▫️’s所有格:多用于有生命名词;时间、距离、国家、城市也可用 例:today’s newspaper、China’s economy ▫️of所有格:多用于无生命名词 ①Mary’s dress is more beautiful than mine. ②The roof of the house needs repairing. ③Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. 12. 名词在句中的语法功能 名词可充当:主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、补语。 语法填空高频考点,学会划分句子结构! ①The teacher(主语)explained the problem clearly. ②We elected him monitor(宾补). ③Li Hua, our class president(同位语), gave a speech. 13. 名词词义辨析(高频考点) ✅cause/reason:起因 / 理由 ✅effect/result/influence:效果 / 结果 / 影响 ✅view/sight/scene/scenery:视野 / 视力 / 场景 / 风景 ✅method/means/way/manner:方法 / 手段 / 方式 / 举止 ①The cause of the fire is still unknown. ②From the top you can enjoy a wonderful view. ③We should find better methods to solve this problem. 14. 名词与介词的固定搭配 💡完形&语法填空必背短语 have an influence on、pay attention to、take pride in、make contributions to、have access to ①Parents have a great influence on their children. ②We should pay attention to our pronunciation. ③Everyone should make contributions to society. 💡文末小贴士 语法学习贵在重复!收藏本篇,每天打卡复习名词,考试少踩坑✅