一、例句展示（括号中的词汇可以省略）

①　When (he was) travelling in the Antarctic, he took many photos.（状语从句省略）

②　I think (that) climate change is a serious problem.（宾语从句省略）

③　The book (that) I bought tells about undersea exploration.（定语从句省略）

④　I saw him (to) cross the ice.（不定式省略）

⑤　Many researchers have difficulty (in) collecting data in extreme polar areas.（介词省略）

⑥　If there were no sea ice in Antarctica，many polar species would lose their homes.（If there were可省略为Were there，虚拟语气倒装省略）

⑦　She said he bought a book from a bookstore, but she couldn't remember which（bookstore he bought the book from.）（重复词省略-从句）

⑧　He is brave but (he is) careful.（重复词省略-并列句）

⑨　—Who will go? —Tom (will go).（省略重复谓语）

⑩　—Will the flight be delayed? —I hope that the flight will be delayed .→ I hope so。（省略重复宾语）

⑪　(I) Haven’t seen you for ages. 好久不见。（口语省略主语）

⑫　(Is there) Anything wrong? 怎么了？（口语省略助动词）

二、语法定义

Ellipsis：The act of leaving out a word, a words from a sentence deliberately，when the meaning can be understood without them

省略：在不造成歧义的前提下，省去重复、冗余成分，使句子简洁；表意不清时不能省。

三、语法分析

1.状语从句(省略：从句主语+ be)

规则：（两个必须同时满足）从句主语= 主句主语且从句谓语含有be 动词

例句：When (he was) travelling in the Antarctic, he took many photos. = When travelling in the Antarctic, he took many photos. 

Though (it was) cold, the explorers kept going.

If (you are) asked, keep calm.

2.宾语从句(省略：that）

规则：动词think /believe/suppose /hope/know 后引导词 that 常省略 

例句：He said (that) he loved nature and that he would protect it.（注意两个宾语从句第二个that不能省。）

3.定语从句中（省略：引导词that等)

规则：只有关系代词that /which/whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，才可以省。 

例句：The book (that) I bought tells about undersea exploration. （book是bought的宾语）

4.不定式to (省略：to）

规则：感官动词和使役动词后不定式一般省略to

感官动词see/watch/hear/notice/feel；

使役动词make/let/have + sb (to) do

例句：I saw him (to) cross the ice.（注意：变被动，to 必须还原：He was seen to cross the ice.）

5.介词（省略：in /from等介词)规则：常见的省略介词的短语有：

spend … (in) doing （省略in）

have difficulty (in) doing （省略in）

be busy (in) doing （省略in）

stop /prevent sb (from) doing （省略from）

have trouble (in) doing （省略in）

waste time (in) doing（省略in）

例句：Scientists spend years (in) studying the influence of global warming.

Some cities have trouble (in) cutting carbon emissions quickly.

We should stop people (from) destroying Antarctic ecosystems.

6.虚拟条件句(省略if)（倒装省略）

规则：if 从句有 were /had/should，可以省去 if，主谓倒装 If I were you → Were I you If he had prepared → Had he prepared

省略：if

例句：Had more teenagers known about intangible cultural heritage, they would have tried to pass it down. （= If more teenagers had known about intangible cultural heritage…） 要是更多青少年之前了解非物质文化遗产，他们本会努力传承它。

Should every citizen form a lowcarbon habit, our planet would become much greener. （= If every citizen should form a lowcarbon habit…） 如果每位公民都养成低碳习惯，我们的星球将会绿意盎然。

7.重复词省略

① 并列句省略（and /but/or）前后分句有重复主语、谓语，后面分句重复部分省去。

He is brave but (he is) cautious. 

She will take part if she can (take part).

② 从句中重复内容的省略

There are many ways to protect the environment, but I don’t know which. （way I should choose.)（省略重复的宾语）

We could meet this week, but I haven’t decided when(we will meet).(省略重复的宾语）

② 简单句中重复内容省略

—Who will go? —Tom (will go).

—Who likes wildlife? —She (does).

—Would you like to explore the glacier? —I’d love to.（to 后省略 explore the glacier） 

—Are you a scientist? —I used to be.（如果to 后面是 be /have，一般要保留 ）

—Will the flight be delayed? —I hope so. （so = that the flight will be delayed）

—Will the flight be delayed? —I hope not. （not = that the flight won’t be delayed）

8.口语中的习惯省略

① 省略主语（I /you/it/there）

(I) Haven’t seen you for ages. 好久不见。

(You) Want a cup of tea? 要杯茶吗？

(I) Don’t know. 我不知道。

(It’s) Good news! 好消息！

(There’s) No need to worry. 不必担心。

(It) Doesn’t matter. 没关系。

② 省略疑问句助动词

(Are you) Ready? 准备好了吗？

(Is there) Anything wrong? 怎么了？

(Have you) Got any plans? 有安排吗？

四、“省略ellipsis”知识点汇总

好的，今天将英语语法中的省略知识点汇总在一起展示，欢迎大家收藏关注，互相讨论！