夜雨聆风学习资料网

ARTICLE · 1305834

【高中英语语法】虚拟语气知识汇总

【高中英语语法】虚拟语气知识汇总

点击蓝字

,关注我们

英语中的语气

语气是通过动词的不同形式来体现说话者的意图、态度或情感。语气的分类:

1. 陈述语气

用于陈述事实、描述情况或表达看法,是最常见的语气。

例句:

She is a good student. (陈述事实)  她是个好学生。

It might rain tomorrow. (表达看法)  明天可能会下雨。

2. 祈使语气

用来表达命令、请求、劝告、建议等。通常省略主语(一般是第二人称you)。

例句:

Close the door. (命令) 把门关上。

Please have a seat. (请求)  请坐。

Let’s go. (建议)  我们走吧。

3. 虚拟语气

表示说话人的假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测等非真实或未实现的情况。

例句:

If I were you, I would take the offer. (假设)  如果我是你,我就会接受这个提议。

I wish I had more time. (愿望)  我真希望我有更多时间。

01

非真实条件句中的虚拟语气(if条件句)

虚拟的情况

从句的谓语

主句谓语

与现在事实相反

were/ did

should/ would/ could/ might + do

与过去事实相反

had + done

should/ would/ could/ might + have done

与将来事实相反

①did/were; 

②should do; 

③were to do

should/ would/ could/ might + do

注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,be动词的过去时态一律用were,不用was。

1. if条件句中的虚拟语气

(1)与现在事实相反

If I were you, I would take an umbrella.  如果我是你,我会带把伞。

If he had time, he would come.  如果他有时间,他会来的。

(2)与过去事实相反

If he had studied harder, he could have passed the exam.  如果他当时学习更努力些,他本可以通过考试的。

If I had known the answer, I would have told you.  如果我当时知道答案,我早就告诉你了。

(3)与将来事实相反(可能性很小)

If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.  万一明天下雨,我们就会待在家里。

If he should come tomorrow, I would tell him the news.  万一他明天来了,我就会告诉他这个消息。

If I were to go abroad next year, I would study English harder.  如果我明年真要出国,我现在就会更努力学英语。

(4)特殊用法:倒装

如果if条件句中含有were,had,should,可以省略if,并将这些词提至句首,构成倒装。

例:

原句:If I were you, I would accept the offer.

倒装:Were I you, I would accept the offer.

倘若我是你,我就会接受这个提议。

原句:If he had taken my advice, he wouldn’t have made such a mistake.

倒装:Had he taken my advice, he wouldn’t have made such a mistake.

他当初若是听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误了。

原句:If you should need help, please let me know.

倒装:Should you need help, please let me know.

你若需要帮助,请告诉我。

2. 错综时间条件句

当主句和从句所指的时间不一致时,动词形式需根据各自所指的时间进行调整。

例句:

If you had studied harder last term, you would be a college student now.

如果你上学期努力学习了,你现在就是一名大学生了。

If I weren’t so busy now, I would have gone to the party with you last night.

如果我现在不是这么忙,我昨晚就跟你一起去参加派对了。

3. 含蓄条件句

假设条件不通过if从句明确表达,而是隐含在上下文或特定短语中。

常见词或短语:without, but for, otherwise, or (else), under ... circumstances等。

例句:

Without your help, I couldn’t have passed the exam.

没有你的帮助,我不可能通过考试。

But for the rain, we would have had a picnic.

要不是那场雨,我们本来会去野餐的。

I was very busy that day; otherwise, I would have come to your party.

我那天非常忙,否则我就来参加你的派对了。

02

虚拟语气在从句中的应用

虚拟语气广泛应用于名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中,用以表达建议、命令、要求、愿望等主观意图。

1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气

结构:It is + 形容词/过去分词/名词 + that ... (should) + 动词原形 (should常可省略)

(1)It is + 形容词 + that ...

形容词:necessary(必要的), important(重要的), vital(至关重要的), imperative(紧要的), advisable(明智的), desirable(可取的), appropriate(合适的), essential(必不可少的), urgent(紧迫的)等

例句:

It is necessary that he (should) attend the meeting.

他必须参加会议。

It is imperative that all documents (should) be submitted by Friday.

所有文件必须在周五前提交,这是强制性的。

(2)It is + 过去分词 + that ...

过去分词:suggested(建议), recommended(推荐), required(要求), demanded(要求), requested(请求), ordered(命令), proposed(提议), decided(决定)等

例句:

It is suggested that we (should) take a break after working for two hours.

建议我们工作两小时后休息一下。

It was decided that the project (should) be started immediately.

已决定立即启动这个项目。

(3)It is + 名词 + that ...

名词:a suggestion(建议), a necessity(必要), a requirement(要求), a recommendation(推荐), an advice(建议), an order(命令)等

例句:

It is a necessity that we (should) protect the environment for our own survival.

为了我们自身的生存,保护环境是必要的。

It is my recommendation that you (should) see a specialist.

我的建议是您应该咨询一位专家。

2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气

(1)表示“建议、命令、要求”等动词后的宾语从句

结构:动词 + that ... (should) + 动词原形

常用动词:suggest(建议), advise(建议), recommend(推荐), demand(要求), request(请求), require(要求), insist(坚持), order(命令), propose(提议), urge(敦促)

例句:

The doctor recommended that she (should) rest for a week.

医生建议她休息一周。

He insisted that I (should) be present at the ceremony.

他坚持要求我出席典礼。

特别注意:当suggest表示“暗示、表明”,insist表示“坚持认为”(一个事实)时,从句不使用虚拟语气,而用陈述语气。

His smile suggested that he was happy.

他的微笑表明他很开心。(陈述事实)

She insisted that she was innocent.

她坚持认为自己无罪。(陈述一个她认为是事实的情况)

(2)动词wish后的宾语从句

表示与事实相反或难以实现的愿望。

a. 对现在的愿望:从句谓语用一般过去时(be动词常用were)。

例句:

I wish I were taller.

我真希望我能更高一些。(但事实并非如此)

She wishes she had a car.

她希望自己有一辆车。

b. 对过去的愿望:从句谓语用过去完成时had done。

例句:

He wishes he had attended the concert last night.

他真希望自己昨晚去听了那场音乐会。(但实际上没去)

I wish I hadn’t said that.

我真希望我没说过那句话。(但实际上说了)

c. 对将来的愿望:从句谓语用would/could + 动词原形,表示一种不太可能实现的期盼。

例句:

I wish it would stop raining.

但愿雨能停下来。

She wishes she could travel around the world one day.

她希望有一天能环游世界。

(3)would rather后的句子中的虚拟语气

用于表达主观愿望,意为“宁愿,但愿”。其后从句的时态取决于愿望与事实的时间关系。

a. 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事(与现在或将来事实相反):从句谓语用一般过去时。

I would rather you stayed home tonight.

我宁愿你今晚待在家里。 (表达对对方行为的愿望,并非事实)

She would rather it were summer now.

她宁愿现在是夏天。 (但事实不是夏天)

b. 宁愿某人过去做了某事(与过去事实相反):从句谓语用过去完成时had done。

I would rather you had told me the truth yesterday.

我宁愿你昨天就告诉了我真相。(但昨天并未告知)

He would rather she hadn’t come to the party.

他宁愿她没来参加那个派对。(但她已经来了)

3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气

当主句的主语或同位语所修饰的名词是表示建议、命令、要求、计划等含义的词语时,其后的从句需用虚拟语气:(should) + 动词原形。

常见名词:suggestion(建议), advice(建议), order(命令), proposal(提议), request(请求), requirement(要求), plan(计划), decision(决定)

表语从句例句:

My suggestion is that we (should) have a meeting tomorrow.

我的建议是我们明天开个会。

His request is that the room (should) be cleaned at once.

他的要求是立即打扫房间。

同位语从句例句:

What do you think of his proposal that we (should) go camping?

他提议我们去露营,你觉得怎么样?

They received the order that all troops (should) withdraw.

他们收到了所有部队撤军的命令。

4. 状语从句中的虚拟语气

(1)as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句

当从句描述的情况与已知事实相反或极不可能发生时,使用虚拟语气。

a. 与现在事实相反:从句谓语用一般过去时(be动词用were)。

例句:

He talks as if he were an expert.

他说话的样子就好像他是个专家似的。 (但他并不是专家)

She looks as though she knew the answer.

她看起来好像知道答案似的。 (但实际可能并不知道)

b. 与过去事实相反:从句谓语用过去完成时had done。

例句:

You look as if you had seen a ghost.

你看起来像是见了鬼一样。(实际上没见鬼,只是脸色不好)

He behaved as though nothing had happened.

他表现得就像什么都没发生过一样。(但事情确实发生了)

(2)in case、for fear that和lest(以防,免得)

这三个连词引导的从句表示“为了预防某种可能发生的情况”,带有一种“担心某事发生”的意味。在这种情况下,从句谓语可以使用“(should) + 动词原形”,这确实是虚拟语气的一种形式(尤其是英式英语中常见)。

Take an umbrella in case it rains.

陈述语气:使用一般现在时表示将来可能发生的情况。

Take an umbrella in case it should rain.

虚拟语气:带上一把伞,以防下雨。

He wrote down the address for fear that he (should) forget it.

虚拟语气:他写下了地址,免得自己忘记。

She spoke quietly lest the baby should wake up.

虚拟语气:她小声说话,以免吵醒婴儿。

He was alarmed lest she (should) reveal his secret.

虚拟语气:他感到很不安,唯恐她会泄露他的秘密。

03

特殊句型中的虚拟语气

1. It is (high/about) time (that) ...

表示“早该做某事了”(含有一点建议或轻微批评的意味)。从句谓语常用一般过去时(优先),也可用should + 动词原形(不能省略should)。

例句:

It is high time that you went to school.

你早该去上学了。

It’s about time that we should leave.

我们该走了。

2. If only ...

表示“要是……就好了”,表达一种强烈的愿望或遗憾。其用法与wish基本相同,但感情色彩更浓烈。

(1)对现在的愿望:用一般过去时。

例句:If only I were taller!  要是我个子再高一点就好了!

(2)对过去的遗憾:用过去完成时。

例句:If only they hadn’t missed the train!  要是他们没错过那趟火车就好了!

素材来源于网络,由小编整理发出分享,如有侵权请联系删除

回首页,搜索你想要的文档

在首页搜索框输入关键词,快速定位资料

文库首页搜索指引 立即搜索

相关学习资料