夜雨聆风
A
The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
【语法讲解】
As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
①“As the world races to decarbonize everything”为由“as”引导的时间状语从句。其结构为：As + 主语 + 谓语，表示“当……时候”、“随着”，常用于描述趋势、变化，是高考书面表达高频连接词。
②“which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions”为由“which”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为“transportation”。非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，逗号/破折号后常用which，不能用that。
*注意：
区别 | 限制性定语从句 | 非限制性定语从句 |
形式上 | 不用逗号与主句隔开 | 用逗号和主句隔开 |
意义上 | 是先行词不可或缺的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整 | 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思 |
译法上 | “……的” | 通常翻译成主句的并列句 |
【好词好句】
1. be responsible for是…… 的原因；对…… 负责
Air pollution is partly responsible for many lung diseases.
空气污染是多种肺部疾病的部分原因。
2. race to do sth加紧/ 争相做某事
Many countries are racing to develop new energy technology.
许多国家正竞相研发新能源技术。
3. account for（数量上）占……；解释
Online sales account for more than 30% of the total business.
线上销售额占总业务的30% 以上。
4. a quarter of四分之一
Only a quarter of the students finished the task on time.
仅有四分之一的学生按时完成了任务。
5. energy-related与能源相关的（合成形容词）
We should reduce the use of energy-related products.
我们应减少与能源相关产品的使用。
6. the breakdown of…… 的细分 / 明细 / 分类数据
The report includes a breakdown of costs in different months.
这份报告包含了不同月份的费用细分。
7. modes of transport交通方式/ 运输方式
People choose different modes of transport according to distance.
人们根据距离选择不同的交通方式。
【参考译文】
在全球范围内运送货物和人员，是全球二氧化碳排放的主要来源之一。随着全球加紧推进各行各业的脱碳进程，交通领域面临着尤为突出的问题—— 该领域约占全球能源相关温室气体排放量的四分之一。以下是 2018 年不同运输方式的排放量细分数据。
The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
【语法讲解】
The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.
此处not just...but also... 为并列结构，整体为简单句，功能相当于and。
Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
该句由but连接的并列句，前一分句使用了be to do结构表示 “某事有待被做”，后一分句为here开头的倒装句，正常语序为some of the solutions are here，不定式to get us going green作后置定语修饰 solutions。
【好词好句】
1. fuels for transport
Cleaner fuels for transport can greatly reduce air pollution.
更清洁的运输燃料能大幅减少空气污染。
2. not just… but also…
She is not just intelligent but also willing to help others.
她不仅聪明，而且乐于助人。
3. lightweight and safe
This new type of battery is lightweight and safe for public transport.
这种新型电池轻便且安全，适用于公共交通。
4. carry around
We need devices that are easy to carry around in daily life.
我们需要日常生活中便于随身携带的设备。
5. specific needs
Different students may have specific needs for after-class activities.
不同学生对课外活动可能有特定需求。
6. Much is still to be settled
Many details about the activity are still to be settled.
关于这项活动的诸多细节仍有待确定。
7. solutions to…
We are trying to find practical solutions to traffic jams.
我们正努力寻找解决交通拥堵的实用方案。
8. get sb doing sth
His speech got us thinking about environmental protection.
他的演讲让我们开始思考环保问题。
9. go green
More factories are encouraged to go green and reduce waste.
越来越多工厂被鼓励走绿色发展道路，减少浪费。
【参考译文】
交通运输所用燃料不仅需要环保、廉价、能效高，还必须足够轻便安全，便于运载。每种交通方式都有其特定的燃料需求。许多问题仍有待解决，但以下是助力我们实现绿色转型的部分解决方案。
This energy transition (变革) is global and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
【语法讲解】
This energy transition is global andthe amount of renewable energy the world will needis “a little bit mind-blowing,”says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
本句包含两个并列分句，由and 连接；第二个并列分句中嵌套定语从句 “the world will need”，修饰先行词 “renewable energy”，从句中 will need 为一般将来时，表示 “未来将会需要”；同时本句包含直接引语，引号内为人物观点，引号外为引语的归属，是直接引语，也是书面表达常考的句式结构。
It’s estimated thatthe global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.
本句为主语从句，核心结构是“It’s estimated that...”（据估计……），其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句 “the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050”；could 为情态动词，表推测，语气比 can 更委婉，是情态动词表推测的考点；“more than double” 为固定表达，表 “超过两倍”，是书面表达中的高分短语。
Fortunately, analyses suggest thatrenewables are up to the task.
语法讲解：本句包含宾语从句“that renewables are up to the task”，that 在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，可省略；suggest在此处为“表明、显示”之意，后接宾语从句，是书面表达中常用的衔接句式，up to the task为固定短语，也是高频考点。
“We need to speed up the development of green energy,andit will all get used,”says Wipke.
本句为直接引语结构，引语部分包含and 连接的两个并列分句；“speed up” 为固定短语，表 “加快、加速”，“the development of” 为常用名词短语，是书面表达中提升文采的常用搭配；get used 在此处为被动含义，表 “被使用”，是被动语态的考点。
【好词好句】
1. energy transition能源变革
The energy transition is crucial for reducing global carbon emissions.
能源变革对于减少全球碳排放至关重要。
2. renewable energy可再生能源
Renewable energy is becoming more and more popular around the world.
可再生能源在全球范围内变得越来越受欢迎。
3. mechanical engineer机械工程师
My brother dreams of becoming a mechanical engineer in the future.
我哥哥梦想未来成为一名机械工程师。
4. National Renewable Energy Laboratory国家可再生能源实验室
Many scientists work in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
许多科学家在国家可再生能源实验室工作。
5. It’s estimated that... 据估计……
It’s estimated that the project will be completed next month.
据估计，这个项目将于下个月完成。
6. global demand 全球需求
The global demand for clean energy is increasing rapidly.
全球对清洁能源的需求正在迅速增长。
7. more than double超过两倍
The number of students in our class has more than doubled this year.
我们班的学生人数今年增加了一倍多。
8. analyses分析，复数形式
The analyses of the data show a clear trend.
对数据的分析显示出明显的趋势。
9. renewables可再生能源，复数缩写
Renewables are the key to solving environmental problems.
可再生能源是解决环境问题的关键。
10. be up to the task能胜任任务
I believe he is up to the task of finishing the work on time.
我相信他能胜任按时完成这项工作的任务。
11. speed up加快，加速
We need to speed up the progress of the project.
我们需要加快这个项目的进度。
12. get used 被使用，被动含义
These new energy technologies will get used widely soon.
这些新能源技术很快就会被广泛使用。
【参考译文】
机械工程师、国家可再生能源实验室的基思・威普克表示，这场能源变革是全球性的，世界未来所需的可再生能源总量“有点令人惊叹”。据估计，到 2050 年，全球电力需求可能会增加一倍以上。幸运的是，分析表明可再生能源能够胜任这一任务。威普克说：“我们需要加快绿色能源的发展，而且所有这些能源都会被投入使用。”
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