外刊真题题源泛读11:想让孩子走出家门?远离平板屏幕的办法(B篇题源 2021年6月浙江高考)

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外刊真题题源泛读11：想让孩子走出家门？远离平板屏幕的办法（B篇题源2021年6月浙江高考真题）

私家英语

一、基础信息表

二、主要内容

作者结合自家孩子放学一心只想玩平板、拒绝户外的亲身经历，点明当代儿童日均 4.5 小时沉迷屏幕的普遍社会现象，分析家长因担心孩子外出受伤而圈养、放任孩子宅家刷手机的普遍心理。电影人大卫・邦德因子女重度依赖电子设备，发起《野生计划》纪录片，创立 “野生联盟”，联合国民信托、皇家鸟类保护协会等上千家机构，呼吁儿童多走进自然。文中引用多家公益机构观点：户外玩耍能提升心理韧性、改善心理健康，从小接触自然的人成年后更重视环保。同时介绍 50 件童年户外小事、野生露营、街道玩耍等系列推广活动，配套户外活动手机应用提供多样玩法。文末作者分享放手让低龄孩子独自去公园的亲身尝试，呼吁家长主动承担责任，多带孩子走进自然，建立终身热爱户外的习惯。

三、英文原文（770 词）

Need to get children outdoors? How to escape those iPad screens Reclaim the streets - your road belongs to you and your neighbours Stop the traffic: how we got children to play in the streets again Emily Barr Mon 30 Jun 2014 11.56 BST Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share via Email

We live in a Cornish town with three beaches. There's a small park two minutes’ walk from home where neighbourhood children congregate, and a bigger park you could reach in 15 minutes on foot. The sun is shining, school is over, the day has plenty of daylight hours left in it, and there are many things the children could be doing to unwind.

"I want the iPad," says my eldest son, stomping in from secondary school. "It’s not fair," complains my daughter. "He’s got the iPad." "Can I have your computer?" asks the middle one. Inevitably, despite having beaches and parks and friends at their disposal, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen – any screen – and stare at it like zombies. They are not even interesting zombies – they could certainly not summon the energy to find a human being and devour their brain. They just want to look at pixels and consume media.

They are not alone. Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the internet. Last year it was reported that a child born today will spend a quarter of its life staring at screens for non-work purposes. I recently taught a residential creative writing course for teenagers in Devon at a centre with no internet connection, and was struck by the teenager who yawned all morning on the first day, explaining his insomnia with the baffling claim that: "I can’t sleep without Wi-Fi." When you add in adult fears that our children will be abducted or run over, it becomes far easier to keep them inside where we can see them, and let them be passive, coddled, safe, on a sofa.

However, in the past few years a growing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were fixated on screens and iPads to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three year old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was a film called Project Wild Thing.

Bond has hit a nerve. "It is great," he says, "to have formed a rallying cry: children need to be outdoors more." His film charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. The network has grown exponentially, and now comprises over 1,500 organisations, from huge charities such as the National Trust and RSPB, to smaller mental health organisations, teachers’ groups, and pre-schools.

"It’s something we’ve been campaigning on for the past 100 years," says Jim Wardill, community team manager at the RSPB. "Environmental education work is a fundamental part of what the RSPB is and does. Over the past 10 years or so, people have realised that kids just aren’t getting out as much. It’s about the connection to nature, the emotional bond you develop with the outside world."

Helen Meech, Assistant Director of Outdoor and Nature Engagement for the National Trust, says: "Spending time in nature not only make kids happier and healthier human beings. People who spend more time outdoors as kids are the ones who have a stronger interest in environmental issues and protecting the planet. And it's great fun too!"

"For children, play and time outdoors can be particularly important, helping to build resilience as well as boosting wellbeing," says Chris Leaman, policy manager at the charity YoungMinds, which campaigns on issues surrounding children’s and adolescents’ mental health. Children can enjoy watching things on screens, but the things they remember are the adventures. Two years ago my two boys went off kayaking with their father, and slept on a stony beach that turned out to be covered in jumping insects. Although it sounds hellish to me, they still talk about it with astonishing enthusiasm.

Projects and campaigns include the National Trust’s 50 Things to do before you’re 11¾ list, the RSPB’s annual Big Wild Sleepout, and many other initiatives such as Play England’s campaign for parent-led street play.

David Bond says that in his experience it is actually as simple as getting a child outside. "Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference," he says. "There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to age of seven then being outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while."

It is easy to blame the media, the sell-offs of playing fields, town planning that does not incorporate play space for children, among other culprits. However, as David Bond says: "All those things make you, as a parent, less responsible. Don’t leave it to anyone else. It’s down to you."

The WildTime App, part of Project Wild Thing, offers a variety of ideas for outdoor activities: just choose a time period from 10 minutes to half a day, and it will throw up suggestions, from reading a book out of doors to building a den. A quick look at it, and I immediately decide we should grow some sunflowers in our tiny garden. The RSPB’s website also offers suggestions such as making homes for ladybirds and identifying animal tracks, among others. You can camp, go for walks, lift up logs and watch the creatures scuttling away.

I have recently started sending my younger children, aged 10 and seven, to the park around the corner without me. This was hard to do, at first: seven felt very young to be unsupervised and I initially felt like the most irresponsible parent in town. I stayed at home for as long as I could manage it, before walking as fast as I could to check on them. They were, of course, fine. They were, in fact, more than fine: they were relishing their independence, and were only pleased to see me because they wanted to take my phone in order to time their obstacle course.

Now they go there often, and I leave them to it for a while. They meet friends, and play and race and climb trees, and I try to manage the little voice inside me that calls me a bad parent. I can’t help, however, creeping along the road regularly to check. Amazingly enough, they are always not only all right, but laughing.

Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.

四、生词中英文梳理

congregate /ˈkɒŋɡrɪɡeɪt/v. 聚集，扎堆

unwind /ˌʌnˈwaɪnd/v. 放松，消遣 

stomp /stɒmp/v. 跺着脚走

zombie /ˈzɒmbi/n. 麻木的人，行尸走肉 

pixel /ˈpɪksl/n. 像素 

insomnia /ɪnˈsɒmniə/n. 失眠 

baffling /ˈbæflɪŋ/adj. 令人费解的 

abduct /æbˈdʌkt/v. 绑架，掳走 

coddle /ˈkɒdl/v. 溺爱，娇惯 

fixate /ˈfɪkseɪt/v. 痴迷，紧盯 

rallying cry 口号，呼吁 

exponentially /ˌekspəˈnenʃəli/adv. 成倍地，快速地 

resilience /rɪˈzɪliəns/n. 心理韧性，抗压能力 

wellbeing /ˌwelˈbiːɪŋ/n. 身心健康 

kayak /ˈkaɪæk/v. 划皮艇 

initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/n. 活动，倡议 

culprit /ˈkʌlprɪt/n. 罪魁祸首 

den /den/n. 小木屋，简易窝棚 

ladybird /ˈleɪdibɜːd/n. 瓢虫 

scuttle /ˈskʌtl/v. 快速逃窜 

relish /ˈrelɪʃ/v. 享受，喜爱 

obstacle course 障碍赛道

五、全文完整翻译

想让孩子走出家门？远离平板屏幕的办法 夺回街道：社区道路属于你和邻居 禁止车流：如何让孩子重新在街上玩耍 作者：艾米丽・巴尔 2014 年 6 月 30 日

我们住在康沃尔小镇，坐拥三处海滩。步行两分钟有小型社区公园，步行十五分钟能抵达大型公园。阳光正好，刚放学，白昼时长充足，孩子们本有无数户外活动可以放松。 “我要玩平板。” 大儿子跺着脚从中学回家。 “不公平！” 女儿抱怨，“他能玩平板。” “我能用你的电脑吗？” 中间的孩子问道。尽管海滩、公园、玩伴触手可及，孩子们放学后一心只想盯着各类电子屏幕，麻木得如同行尸走肉。他们连 “抓人游戏” 的活力都没有，只盯着像素画面、刷各类线上内容。 这种现象绝非个例。如今儿童日均花费四个半小时刷屏幕，分为看电视、上网两部分。有报道称，如今出生的孩子一生中，四分之一的时间会无目的地盯着电子屏幕。前不久我在德文一所无网络寄宿中心给青少年上创意写作课，第一天一整上午都有少年不停打哈欠，给出令人费解的理由：“没有无线网我睡不着。” 再加上家长总担心孩子出门被拐、被车辆撞到，索性把孩子留在视线范围内，放任他们窝在沙发被动消遣、被娇惯庇护。 但近几年，越来越多民众与机构推出方案扭转这一现状。几年前电影人大卫・邦德发现，当时五岁、三岁的两个孩子彻底沉迷平板，他凑到三岁儿子耳边说 “巧克力”，对方都毫无反应。他意识到必须做出改变，身为伦敦媒体从业者，他自称 “大自然市场总监”，记录自己把自然当作品牌向青少年推广的全过程，最终拍成纪录片《野生计划》。 邦德的影片引发广泛共鸣。他说：“我们凝聚了共同呼声：孩子需要多走进户外。” 影片催生 “野生联盟”，众多机构联合，目标一致引导孩子接触自然。联盟规模飞速扩张，现有 1500 多家合作组织，涵盖国民信托、皇家鸟类保护协会大型公益机构，以及小型心理健康组织、教师团体、幼儿园。 皇家鸟类保护协会社区主管吉姆・沃迪尔表示：“我们一百年来都在推广自然教育，这是协会核心工作。近十年大家意识到孩子户外活动大幅减少，关键在于人与大自然的联结，人与外界建立的情感羁绊。” 国民信托户外项目副主管海伦・米奇表示：“亲近自然不仅让孩子更快乐健康，童年常接触自然的人成年后更关心环境议题、主动保护地球，户外本身也充满乐趣。” 青少年心理健康公益机构 YoungMinds 政策负责人克里斯・利曼提出：户外玩耍能塑造孩子抗压韧性、提升身心健康。屏幕娱乐转瞬即逝，唯有户外冒险会被长久铭记。两年我两个儿子和父亲去划皮艇，睡在布满小飞虫乱石滩，在我听来无比煎熬，他们至今提起依旧兴致盎然。代表性户外活动项目包括国民信托《11 岁半前必做 50 件事》清单、皇家鸟类保护协会年度野外露营，还有英格兰游乐协会发起家长主导街道玩耍活动。 大卫・邦德表示引导孩子出门其实很简单：“每天多五分钟户外时光就会带来改变。大量研究证明七岁前培养户外兴趣，会成为伴随一生的习惯。如今我的孩子已经养成出门玩耍的习惯，我们直接让他们去花园，晚点再回家。” 人们总把问题归咎媒体、运动场出售、缺少儿童活动的城市规划等外在因素。但邦德说：“这些理由只会让家长推卸责任，不要指望别人，主动权在你手中。” 配套《野生时光》手机 APP 源自《野生计划》，提供海量户外方案：选择十分钟至半天的时长，就能生成建议，户外读书、搭建简易窝棚应有尽有。我看完立刻打算在小院种向日葵。皇家鸟类保护协会官网也有瓢虫屋搭建、辨认动物足迹等活动，还可以露营、徒步、翻开石块观察小虫逃窜。 最近我开始放手，让十岁、七岁小孩子们独自去街角公园。起初十分煎熬，七岁孩子独自出门实在让人不安，我一度觉得自己是最不负责任的家长。在家强忍许久，再快步跑去查看，孩子们安然无恙，甚至十分享受独处自由，见到我只想要手机计时障碍赛。 现在他们经常独自去公园，结识伙伴、追逐爬树。我努力压下内心自责的声音，却总忍不住悄悄沿路探望，每次都看见他们笑得开怀。 夏日将至，户外世界精彩无限，孩子与大自然彼此需要。让我们带孩子走出家门，尽情玩耍。

六、语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many kids nowadays are addicted 56 screen devices after school, 57 (ignore) abundant outdoor resources around them. They spend up to 4.5 hours daily 58 (stare) at digital screens. Film-maker David Bond 59 (shock) by his kids’ screen addiction, so he created Project Wild Thing, 60 (aim) to inspire outdoor activities. The Wild Network, 61 consist of over 1,500 groups, calls on kids 62 (connect) with nature. Outdoor play can build children’s resilience and improve 63 (they) mental health. Various outdoor campaigns 64 (launch) by charities in recent years. It is small daily outdoor moments 65 shape kids’ lifelong love for nature.

【答案】

1. to
2. ignoring
3. staring
4. was shocked
5. aiming
6. which
7. to connect
8. their
9. have been launched
10. that

逐题解析

1. to 
   【考点：无提示词・固定搭配介词】 句意：如今很多孩子放学后沉迷电子屏幕，无视身边丰富户外资源。 解析：固定搭配      be addicted to 沉迷于，介词 to。
2. ignoring 
   【考点：有提示词・现在分词作伴随状语】 句意：如今很多孩子放学后沉迷电子屏幕，无视身边丰富户外资源。 解析：主语 kids 与 ignore 主动，现在分词表伴随状态。
3. staring 
   【考点：有提示词・现在分词固定搭配】 句意：他们每天最多花四个半小时盯着电子屏幕。 解析：固定搭配 spend      time (in) doing sth.。
4. was shocked 
   【考点：有提示词・一般过去时被动语态】 句意：电影人大卫・对孩子沉迷屏幕感到震惊，于是制作《野生计划》纪录片。 解析：主人公当年受到冲击，主语与      shock 被动，过去时单数被动。
5. aiming 
   【考点：有提示词・现在分词作目的伴随状语】 句意：于是制作《野生计划》纪录片，旨在鼓励户外活动。 解析：主语      he 与 aim 主动，分词表纪录片创作初衷。
6. which 
   【考点：无提示词・非限制性定语从句】 句意：由 1500 多家机构组成的野生联盟呼吁孩子亲近自然。      解析：先行物 Wild Network，逗号后非限定从句用      which。
7. to connect 
   【考点：有提示词・不定式作宾语补足语】 句意：由 1500 多家机构组成的野生联盟呼吁孩子亲近自然。      解析：固定搭配 call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事。
8. their 
   【考点：有提示词・人称代词变形容词性物主代词（名词类变形）】 句意：户外玩耍塑造孩子韧性，改善他们的心理健康。 解析：修饰名词 health，主格 they 变为物主代词 their。
9. have been launched 
   【考点：有提示词・现在完成时被动语态】 句意：近年来各类公益户外活动陆续推出。 解析：in recent years 为现完标志，活动是 “被推出” 复数被动。
10. that 
    【考点：无提示词・强调句型引导词】 句意：正是日常短暂户外时光，塑造孩子终身热爱自然的习惯。 解析：It is      ... that 标准强调句式，强调事物用 that。