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高中 2022 级第三次诊断性考试
数学参考答案及评分标准
一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.
CBADB CAD
二、选择题:本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.
9.ABD 10.ABD 11.AD
三、填空题:本大题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.
5
12. 13.3 14. 6
6
四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.
sinA a 7
15.解:(1)由正弦定理知: ,·············································2分
sinB b 8
∴8sinA7sinB,·········································································3分
又8sinA7sinB8 3,··································································4分
3
∴16sinA8 3,则sinA ,·······················································5分
2
又a0,
1
∴ f(x) x3x2 3(x4) ,····························································7分
3
1
设g(x)(x4)ex x3x23x12 ,
3
∴g(x)(x3)ex x2 2x3(x3)(ex x1),································9分
易知ex≥x1,··········································································· 10分
由g(x)0得0x3,由g(x)0得x3,·····································11分
所以g(x)在(0,3)上单调递减,在(3,+∞)上单调递增,························12分
所以g(x)≥ g (x)g(3)21e3 0,············································· 14分
min
∴当x>0时, f(x)(x4)ex.························································15分
17.解:(1)连接B D 交A C 于O ,连接DO ,
1 1 1 1 1 1
在平行六面体ABCD-A B C D 中,BB =DD 且BB //DD ,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
∴四边形BDD B 是平行四边形,······················································2分
1 1
∴BD=B D ,且BD//B D ,且O,O 分别为BD,B D 的中点,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
∴OD=O B ,OD//O B ,可得四边形ODO B 是平行四边形,·················3分
1 1 1 1 1 1
∴OB //O D,·················································································4分
1 1
由平面 ACE//平面 A C D,平面 ACE∩平面 BDD B =OE,平面 A C D∩平面
1 1 1 1 1 1
BDD B =O D,
1 1 1
∴OE//O D,··················································································5分
1
∴OB //OE,且都经过点O,∴O,E,B 三点共线,·····························6分
1 1
又因为△OBE∽△B D E,
1 1
BE BD
∴ 1 1 1 2,所以BE 2EO;·················································7分
EO OB 1
(2)记CD的中点为点F,连接BF,FD ,
1
∵DC=BC=BD=2,则BF⊥DC,且BF 3,······································ 8分
参考答案及评分标准 第 2 页 共 8 页∵平面CC D D⊥平面ABCD,
1 1
且平面CC D D∩平面ABCD=CD,
1 1
BF 平面ABCD,BF⊥DC,
∴BF⊥平面CC D D,·····································································9分
1 1
∴BF⊥FD ,即BD2 BF2 DF2 6,
1 1 1
∴DF 3,则DF2 DF2 DD2 4,∴FD DC,······················10分
1 1 1 1
以F 为原点,以FD,FB,FD 分别为x轴,y轴,z轴,建立如图所示的空间直角
1
坐标系O-xyz.
1 3
则A(2, 3,0),C(−1,0,0),A(1, 3, 3),B(1, 3, 3),O( , ,0),
1 1 2 2
B(0, 3,0),·····················································································11分
1 1 3 3 3 3
∴OE OB ( , , ),BE BOOE (0, , ) ,········· 12分
3 1 2 6 3 3 3
AC (3, 3,0),AA (1,0, 3),···········································13分
1
不妨设平面ACC A 的法向量为n=(x,y,z),直线BE与平面ACC A 所成角为θ,
1 1 1 1
ACn0 3x 3y0
,即 ,不妨取n=( 3,3,−1),·················14分
AA n0 x 3z0
1
nBE 2 26
则sin|cosn,BE| ,
|n||BE| 13
2 26
∴直线BE与平面ACC A 所成角的正弦值为 .···························15分
1 1
13
b1 a 3
18.解:(1)由 解得: ,···················································2分
c2 b1
参考答案及评分标准 第 3 页 共 8 页x2
∴双曲线C的方程为 y2 1;······················································3分
3
(2) 当l
1
x轴时,l
2
必然与x轴重合,由曲线对称性知AB中点M在x轴上,
DE的中点N也在x轴上,故MN经过的定点P (x ,y )在x轴上.···········4分
1 1 1
设为P
1
(n,0),直线AB方程为:xty3,设A(x
1
,y
1
),B(x
2
,y
2
),
xty3
联立 ,得:(t23)y26ty60 ,······································5分
x23y2 3
6t 18
由韦达定理可得:y y ,x x t(y y )6 ,············6分
1 2 t23 1 2 1 2 t23
9 3t
故AB中点M( , ),···························································7分
t23 t23
1
3( )
同理:直线DE方程为:x 1 y3,DE中点N( 9 , t ),
t 1 1
( )23 ( )23
t t
9t2 3t
即:N( , ),··································································· 8分
13t2 13t2
3t 3t 3t
由P MN三点共线可得:k k ,即:
t23
13t2 t23
,········9分
1 P1M MN 9 9t2 9
n
t23 13t2 t23
9 9
解得:n ,即P ( ,0);···························································10分
1
2 2
9
(3)由(2)可知,P(3,0)时,定点P 1( ,0),
2
同理可知,P 2(x
2
,y
2
)也一定在x轴上.
考虑一般情况,假设点P(m,0)时,设P (n,0),
1
并设直线AB方程为:xtym,A(x
1
,y
1
),B(x
2
,y
2
),
xtym
联立 得:(t23)y22tmym230,
3x2y2 3
2tm 6m
由韦达定理可得:y y ,x x t(y y )2m ,
1 2 t23 1 2 1 2 t23
3m tm
故AB中点M( , ) ,························································11分
t23 t23
参考答案及评分标准 第 4 页 共 8 页1
( )m
同理:直线DE方程为:x 1 ym,DE中点N( 3m , t ),
t 1 1
( )23 ( )23
t t
3t2m tm
即:N( , ),··································································12分
13t2 13t2
tm mt tm
由P
1
MN三点共线可得:k
P1M
k
MN
,即: t2
3m
3 1
3m
3t
t
2
2
t2
3
m
3 ,·······13分
n
t23 13t2 t23
3m 3m
解得:n ,即:点P(m,0)时,P 1( ,0),
2 2
3 3 3
故当点P(3,0)时,可得P (3 ,0),P (3( )2,0),……,P(3( )n,0),
1 2 2 2 n 2
1 3
由题意知,△QRP
n
的面积为:S
n
2
1[3(
2
)n1],··························14分
1 2 21 2
故 = ( )n,·················································· 15分
S 3 3 3
n 3( )n 1 3( )n 11
2 2
1 1 1 1
所以 +
S S S S
1 2 3 n
2 2 2 2
( )1( )2( )3( )n
3 3 3 3
2 2
[1( )n]
3 3 2[1( 2 )n] 2.························································17分
2 3
1
3
19.解:(1)设事件X:顶点A与顶点B相互可达,事件Y:A与B之间有边,
当n3时,A与B相互可达分以下两种情况:
1
①A与B之间有边,概率为 ,························································1分
2
1 1 1 1
②A与B之间无边,但都与第三个顶点有边,概率为(1 ) ,
2 2 2 8
1 1 5
故A与B相互可达的概率P(X) ,······································· 3分
2 8 8
1 1 5 1
故P(X) ,而P(XY)P(Y) ,
2 8 8 2
参考答案及评分标准 第 5 页 共 8 页P(XY) 4
故P(Y |X) ,·································································4分
P(X) 5
4
故A与B之间有边的概率为 ;························································5分
5
(2)设事件C:恰有3个顶点相互可达,任取3个顶点,第4个顶点与这3个顶
1 1
点均无边的概率为C3(1 )3 , ·······················································6分
4 2 2
1
同时这3个顶点相互可达,故P(C) R(3),····································7分
2
图G 连通以下两种情况:
3
1 1
①三个顶点两两有边,概率为( )3 ,·············································8分
2 8
1 1 3
②有两个顶点间无边,但都与第3个顶点有边,概率为C2(1 )( )2 ,
3 2 2 8
1 3 1 1 1
∴R(3) ,则P(C) R(3) ,········································9分
8 8 2 2 4
1
∴恰有3个顶点相互可达的概率为 ;··············································10分
4
(3)固定任意一个顶点A,G 是连通的就是两个顶点间有边时,
2
1
∴R(2) ,················································································11分
2
当n2时,设事件D :恰好有(i1)个顶点与x相互可达,
n,i
任取除A以外i1个顶点,
1
∴剩下(ni)个顶点与这i个顶点都无边的概率为Ci1 (1 )i(ni),········12分
n1 2
1
同时这i个顶点相互可达,则P(D )Ci1(1 )i(ni)R(i) ,···················13分
n,i n1 2
显然,任意两个事件D 和D 均为互斥事件,
n,i n,j
n1 1 n1
因此R(n)1Ci1( )i(ni)R(i)1P(D ) ,
n1 2 n,i
i1 i1
1 1
P(D )C0( )3R(1) ,
4,1 3 2 8
参考答案及评分标准 第 6 页 共 8 页1 3
P(D )C1( )4R(2) ,
4,2 3 2 32
1 3 1 3 3 19
P(D )C2( )3R(3) ,故R(4)1( ) ,
4,3 3 2 16 8 32 16 32
1 1 1 1
P(D )C0( )4R(1) ,P(D )C1( )6R(2) ,
5,1 4 2 16 5,2 4 2 32
1 3 1 19
P(D )C2( )6R(3) ,P(D )C3( )4R(4) ,···················· 16分
5,3 4 2 64 5,4 4 2 128
1 1 3 19 91
∴R(5)1( ) .·············································17分
16 32 64 128 128
54
方法二:G 共有 10条可能的边,
5 2
1
①当G 不存在任何边时,不可能连通,概率为(1 )10;······················11分
5 2
1 1
②当G 中只存在1条边时,概率为C1 ( )(1 )9,此时G 不可能是连通的;
5 10 2 2 5
··································································································12分
1 1
③同理,G 中只存在2条或3条边时,概率分别为:C2 ( )2(1 )8,
5 10 2 2
1 1
C3 ( )3(1 )7,G 均不可能是连通的;·······································13分
10 2 2 5
④当G 中只存在4条边时,计算G 不连通的概率:
5 5
i) G 中存在1个孤立的顶点时,4条边只能存在于其它4个顶点之间. 四个顶
5
1 1
点组成的图最多有6条边,故概率为C1 C4( )4(1 )6.
5 6 2 2
ii) G 中存在多于1个孤立的顶点时,边数小于4,与假设矛盾.
5
iii) G 中存在2个相互有边的顶点,但都与剩下3个顶点无边,并且这3个顶
5
1 1
点相互都有边. 概率为C2( )4(1 )6.
5 2 2
⑤当G 中只存在5条边时,计算G 不连通的概率:
5 5
i) G 中存在1个孤立的顶点时,5边只能存在于其它4个顶点之间. 四个顶点
5
1 1
组成的图最多有6条边,故概率为C1 C5( )5(1 )5 ,
5 6 2 2
参考答案及评分标准 第 7 页 共 8 页ii) G 中存在多于1个孤立的顶点时,边数小于5,与假设矛盾.
5
iii) G 中存在2个相互有边的顶点,但都与剩下3个顶点无边时,边数小于5,
5
与假设矛盾,··············································································· 14分
⑥当G 中只存在6条边时,不连通的情况只当存在1个孤立点时,
5
1 1
概率为:C1 C6( )6(1 )4;·····················································15分
5 6 2 2
⑦当G 中存在多于6条边时,因为G 最多只有6条边,因此G 必然连通,故G 不
5 4 5 5
1 37
连通的概率为:(C1 C2 C3 C1 C4 C2 C1 C5 C1 C6 1) ( )10= ,
10 10 10 5 6 5 5 6 5 6 2 128
··································································································16分
37 91
∴R(5)1 .··································································17分
128 128
参考答案及评分标准 第 8 页 共 8 页