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高三数学
参考答案
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
C D D B C B C D BD ABD ACD
12. 160 (5分)
5π
13. 6 (5分)
14.3 5π(5分)
π 3
15.【答案】(1) (6分)(2) (7分)
3 2
A
【解析】(1)由正弦定理,得sin AsinB sinBcos ,····················································1分
2
又B(0,π),所以sinB 0,
A
所以sin Acos ,····································································································2分
2
A A A
所以2sin cos cos ,·························································································4分
2 2 2
A π A
因为A(0,π),所以 0, ,所以cos 0,·························································5分
2 2 2
A 1 A π π
所以sin ,解得 ,即A .·········································································6分
2 2 2 6 3
(备注:推导出sinAcos A 给2分;推导出sin A 1 给3分,得出角A的大小给1分)
2 2 2
(2)因为D为BC的中点,
1
所以AD (ABAC),······························································································8分
2
7
又AD ,b2,
2
第 1 页7 1
两边平方得到 (c2 42c),整理可得c2 2c30,···········································10分
4 4
解得c1或c3(舍去)·······················································································11分
1 3
所以ABC的面积S bcsinA .·······································································13分
2 2
(备注:写出中线定理 A D 1 ( A B A C )给2分;求出c=1给3分;得出三角形面积给2分)
2
1
16.【答案】(1)2xy20(6分) (2)
, (9分)
e2
x1 1
【解析】(1)当a1时, f(x)(x1)lnx, f(x)lnx lnx 1, ……………………2分
x x
f(1)0, f(1)2, …………………………………………………………………………………4分
∴曲线y f(x)在(1, f(1))处的切线方程为y f(1) f(1)(x1),
整理得,y2(x1),
∴曲线y f(x)在(1, f(1))处的切线方程为2xy20. ………………………………………6分
(备注:求导给2分;求出斜率和切点给2分;求出切线方程给2分)
xa a
(2) f(x)lnx lnx 1,x>0,
x x
f(x)是增函数,即 f(x)0在(0,+∞)上恒成立, …………………………………………8分
方法一:即axxlnx在(0,+∞)上恒成立,所以axxlnx
,
max
设g(x)xxlnx,x>0,则g(x)2lnx,x>0,…………………………………………11分
1
当x 0, 时,g(x)0,g(x)单调递增,
e2
1
当x
, 时,g(x)0,g(x)单调递减,
e2
1 1 1
∴当x 时,g(x)取得极大值,也是最大值,∵g ,………………………………14分
e2 e2 e2
1
∴a的取值范围是
,. ………………………………………………………………………15分
e2
(备注:得出 f '(x)≥0在(0,+∞)恒成立给2分;分离参数给1分,得出g(x)的最大值给5分;下结论给1分,
共 4 页过程酌情给分)
a a
方法二:即lnx 10在(0,+∞)上恒成立,所以lnx 1 0,
x x
min
a 1 a xa
设h(x)lnx 1,x>0,则h(x) ,x>0,…………………………………9分
x x x2 x2
①若a0,则h(x)0,h(x)在(0,)上单调递增,
当x趋近于0时,h(x)趋近于,即 f(x)0不恒成立,
所以 f(x)在(0,)上不单调递增,与题意不符,舍去.…………………………………………11分
②若a0,则
当x(0,a)时,h(x)0,h(x)单调递减,
当x(a,)时,h(x)0,h(x)单调递增,
则当xa时,h(x)取得极小值,也是最小值,
∴h(a)lna20,
1
解得a ,…………………………………………………………………………………………14分
e2
1
∴a的取值范围是
, . ……………………………………………………………………15分
e2
(备注:得出 f '(x)≥0在(0,+∞)恒成立给2分;构造h(x)给1分;令h(x) ≥0求a的取值范围给5分,未讨
min
论a的正负扣2分;下结论给1分,过程酌情给分)
2 5
17.【答案】(1)证明见解析 (6分)(2) (9分)
5
【解析】(1)证明:因为ABC为正三角形,且D,E,F分别是各边的中点,
所以ADE,CDF,BEF 均为正三角形.
分别取DE,EF,FD的中点A,B ,C ,
1 1 1
则AA DE,BB EF,CC DF ,AA BB CC ,···········································1分
1 1 1 1 1 1
又因为平面ADE 底面DEF ,平面ADE 底面DEF DE,
所以AA 平面DEF ,同理可得BB 平面DEF ,················································3分
1 1
第 2 页所以AA BB ,·······································································································4分
1 1
所以四边形AABB为平行四边形,所以AB AB ,
1 1 1 1
因为AB平面DEF ,AB 平面DEF ,所以AB平面DEF .·····································5分
1 1
同理可得CB平面DEF ,
又ABBC B,AB平面ABC ,BC 平面ABC,
所以平面ABC∥平面DEF .·······················································································6分
(备注:做出辅助线给1分;证明AB∥平面DEF给4分;证明平面ABC∥平面DEF给1分,过程酌情给分)
(2)以 A 为坐标原点,分别以 AE , AF , AA 为 x,y,z 轴的正方向,建立空间直角坐标系,则
1 1 1 1
3 1 3 3 1 1
A
0,0,
,C
, ,
,D ,0,0,E ,0,0,
2 4 4 2 2 2
1 3 1 3
所以AC , ,0,AD ,0, ,·······························································8分
4 4 2 2
1 3
n AC 0 x y 0,
1 4 4
设平面CDA的法向量为n (x,y,z),则 ···························10分
1 1 3
n AD 0 x z 0,
1 2 2
令x3,得 y 3,z 3,所以n (3, 3, 3),···················································11分
1
易知平面EDA的一个法向量为n (0,1,0),·································································12分
2
n n 3 5
所以cosn,n 1 2 ,·····························································14分
1 2 |n ||n | 151 5
1 2
2 5
所以二面角CDAE的正弦值为 .······································································15分
5
(备注:建系给1分;写出点的坐标给1分;写出平面EDA的法向量给1分;计算出平面CDA的法向量给3分;
求出二面角的正弦值给3分,过程酌情给分)
1 2
18.【答案】(1) p 0, p (4分)(2) p(Y 1| X 2) (5分)
(2,0) (2,1)
9 3
(3)分布列见解析(8分)
共 4 页【解析】(1)X 2,Y 0的情况有,甲抢到2题并答对2题,乙未抢到题,不符合题意;甲抢到2题并答对2
题,乙抢到2题并答对1题答错1题,不符合题意.
所以 p 0,·····································································································2分
(2,0)
X 2,Y 1的情况有,甲抢到2题并答对2题,乙抢到1题并答错1题,
3 2
1 2 2 1
所以 p C2 .·········································································4分
(2,1) 3 2 3 3 9
(备注:求得 p 给2分;求得 p 给2分)
(2,0) (2,1)
3 2
1 2 1
(2) p(X 2)C2 ,······································································6分
3 2 3 6
1
9 2
故 p(Y 1| X 2) .··················································································9分
1 3
6
(备注:求得 p(X 2)给2分;求得 p(Y 1/ X 2)给3分)
(3)X 0表示:甲抢到2题并答对1题答错1题,或甲抢到0题,
3 3
1 21 1 7
故 p(X 0)C2 C1 ,
3 2 2 33 2 24
已知X 0,则Y 的可能取值有3,1,1,3,
3 3
1 2
2 3 8
p(Y 3| X 0) ,·····································································11分
7 63
24
3 3
1 1
2 3 1
p(Y 3| X 0) ,·······································································12分
7 63
24
3 2 3
1 2 1 1 212
C1
C2
C1
2 33 3 32 2333 4
p(Y 1| X 0) ,··························14分
7 7
24
第 3 页3 2 3
1 21 1 211
C2
C2
C1
2 333 32 2333 2
p(Y 1| X 0) ,······························15分
7 7
24
因此,随机事件X 0发生了,随机变量Y的分布列如下:···············································17分
Y 3 1 1 3
8 4 2 1
p
63 7 7 63
(备注:求得p(X 0)给1分;求出所有的概率值给5分;写出分布列给2分)
19.【答案】(1)3是抛物线C 的和谐数,且3的和谐圆为(x3)2 y2 8(4分)
(2)(i)a 4n2 1(6分) (ii)证明见解析(7分)
n
【解析】(1)假设3是抛物线C 的和谐数,则3的和谐圆为A:(x3)2 y2 r2 ,………………1分
由对称性,不妨设圆A与抛物线C 有公共点T(x ,2 x ),
0 0
显然抛物线C 在点T 处的切线,即曲线 f(x)2 x 在点T 处的切线,
1
易知该切线的斜率为 f(x ) , …………………………………………………………………2分
0
x
0
∵圆A与抛物线C 在点T 处有相同的切线,
2 x 0 1
∴ 0 1,解得x 1,
x 3 x 0
0 0
∴圆A与抛物线C 有公共点T(1,2), …………………………………………………………3分
∴和谐圆的半径为 (31)2 (02)2 2 2 ,
∴3是抛物线C 的和谐数,且3的和谐圆为(x3)2 y2 8. ………………………………4分
(备注:设出和谐圆A方程给1分;求出切线斜率给1分;求出圆A与抛物线的公共点给1分;下结论给1分)
(2)由对称性,只需考虑T ,T ,,T 均在x轴上方的情形,不妨设T (x ,2 x ),
1 2 n k k k
(i)∵a 为抛物线C 的和谐数,
k
∴a 的和谐圆为A :(xa )2y2 r 2 ,
k k k k
共 4 页