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2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)
Part Ⅰ Writing
(30minutes)
Directions : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short
easy based on the picture below . You should start your essay
with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on learning
and then explain why education doesn’t simply mean learning to
obtain information . You should write at least 120 words but no
more than 180 words .
“Once I learn how to use Google , isn’t
that
all the education I really need?”
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Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
(30minutes)
Section A
Directions : In this section ,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long
conversations . At the end of each conversation , one or more
questions will be asked about what was said . Both the
conversations and the questions will be spoken only once . After
each questions there will be a pause . During the pause , you
must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) , and
decide which is the best answer . Then mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheer 1 with a single line through the centre.
1. A) The woman is now working in a kindergarten.
B) The man will soon start a business of his own.
C) The man would like to be a high schoolteacher.
D) The woman is going to major in child education.
2. A) The furniture has to be rearranged.B) The sound equipment has to be set up.
C) The conference room has to be cleaned
D) The video machine has to be checked.
3. A) She is exhausted. C) She cannot
finish work in time.
B) She is near-sighted. D) She cannot go
straight home.
4. A)The woman is too particular about food.
B) He would rather have a meal an hour later.
C) The woman should order her food quickly.
D) He usually prefers ice-cream to sandwiches.
5. A) He is not a good mechanic. C) He spends his spare time doing
repairs.
B) He doesn't keep his promises. D) He is always ready to offer help to
others.
6. A) Sam has a big family to support.
B) Sam is not interested in traveling.
C) The pay offer by the travel agency is too low.
D) The Work hours in the travel agency are too long.
7. A) International trade
C)Financial consulting.
B) Product development. D)
Domestic retailing.
8. A) Go on a business trip. C)
Make a ticket reservation.
B) Look for a job in Miami. D)
Take a vacation.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A) It is located on Route 18. C) It is a
beautiful little town.
B) It has an interesting museum. D) It lies seven
miles east of Newton.
10. A)They are in opposite directions. C) They are quite
close to each other.B)They are fifty-five miles apart. D) They are along
drive from Norwalk.
11. A)They are connected by Route7. C)They have lots of
old houses.
B)They are crowded with tourists. D)They have many
rare plants.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Bring him up to date on the current situation in Milan.
B) Inform him of the arrangements for his trip in Italy.
C) Fetch the documents signed by Mr Gartner.
D) Accompany Mr Gartner to the bate airport.
13. A) About8:30. B) About6:30.
C) About5:30. D) About4:15.
14. A)Mr Gartner from Milan. C)The company's sales representative.
B) Gianni Riva at Megastar. D) Gavin from the Chamber of
Commerce.
15. A) Travel agent.
C) Secretary.
B) Business manager.
D) Saleswoman.
Section B
Directions : In this section ,you will hear 3 short passage . At the end of
each passage , you will hear some questions . Both the passage
and the questions will be spoken only once . After you hear a
question , you must choose the best answer from the four choice
marked A) , B) , C) and D) .Then mark the corresponding letter
on Answer Sheer 1 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) She had a desire to help others.
B) She wanted to find out more about it.
C) She needed some overseas experience.
D) She was interested in farming.17. A) Carry out a cultural exchange program. C) Learn
Portuguese.
B) Work on an agricultural project. D) Teach
English.
18. A) She found it difficult to secure a job in her own country.
B) She wanted to renew her contact with the Peace Corps.
C) She was invited to work as an English teacher.
D) She could not get the country out of hermir1ld.
19. A) By teaching additional English classes.
B) By writing stories for American newspaper.
C).By working part time for the Peace Corps.
D) By doing odd jobs for local institutions.
Passage Two
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
20. A) Time spent exercising. C)Time spent on leisure
activities
B) Time spent working. D)Time spent with friends
and family.
21. A) Reading. B) Surfing the Web. C) Eating out. D)
Watching TV.
22. A)Driving.
C) Going to the pub.
B) Gardening. D)
Visiting friends.
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A) The car driver was trying to avoid hitting a rabbit.
B) The car driver was partly responsible for the accident.
C) McLaughlin was talking to his manager while driving.
D) McLaughlin’s carelessness resulted in the collision.
24. A) He crashed into a car parked there.
B) He knocked down several mail boxes.C) He tore down the company’s main gate.
D) He did serious damage to a loaded truck.
25. A) He will lose his job. C) He will be
fined heavily.
B)He will have to pay damages. D)He will receive
retraining.
Section C
Directions : In this section ,you will hear a passage three times. When the
passage is read for the first time , you should listen carefully for
its general idea . When the passage is read for the second time ,
you are required to fill in the blanks with the extra words you
have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third
time , you should check what you have written.
When Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always ate _26_，
they replied. “ Because it is right. ”If we ask Americans why they eat with
knives and forks , or why their men wear pants _27_ skirts，or why they
may be married to only one person at a time，we are likely to get _ 28_ and
very uninformative answers :” Because it’s right.’’ ‘‘Because that’s the way it’s
done ’’ ‘‘Because it s the _29_ ”or even “I don’t know ” The reason for
these and countless other " patterns of social behavior that they are _30_ by social
norms--shared rules or guidelines which prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a
given situation Norms _31_ how people “ought” to behave under particular
circumstances in a particular society. We conform (遵守) to norms so readily
that we are hardly aware they _32_ . In fact , we are much more likely to
notice _33_ from norms than conformity to them. You would not be
surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands when you were introduced, but you
might be a little _34_ if they bowed , started to stroke you or kissed you
on both _35_．Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in
other parts of the world．When we visit another society whose norms are
different , we quickly become aware that things we do this way，they do that
way．
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
(40minutes)
Section A
Directions : In this section , there is a passage with ten blanks . You are
required to select one word for each blank from a list of
choices given in a word bank following the passage . Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice in the bank is identified by a letter . Please mark the
corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre . You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage .
What does it take to be a well-trained nurse ? The answer used to be two-
year associate’s of four-year bachelor’s degree programs．But as the nursing
shortage _36_，a growing number of schools and hospitals are establishing“fast-track programs”that enable college graduates with no nursing _37_ to
become registered nurses with only a year or so of _38_ training .
In 1991，there were only 40 fast-track curricula ; now there are more than
200. Typical is Columbia University’s Entry to Practice program. Students earn
their bachelor of science in nursing in a year . Those who stay on for an
_ 39_ two years can earn a master’s degree that _ 40_ them as nurse
practitioners (执业护士) or clinical nurse specialists．
Many students are recent _ 41_ ; others are career switchers ． Rudy
Guardron，32，a 2004 graduate of Columbia’s program, was a premedical
student in college and then worked for a pharmaceutical (药物的) research
company . At Columbia , he was _42_ as a nurses practitioner . “I saw
that nurses were in high _ 43_ and it looked like a really good
opportunity，”he says．“Also，I didn't want to be in school for that long.’’
The fast-track trend fills a need，but it’s also creating some _44_ between
newcomers and veterans.“Nurses that are still at the bedside _45_ these kids
with suspicion ， ” says Linda Pellico ， who has taught nursing at Yale
University for l8 years.“They wonder, how can they do it quicker?”The
answer is they don’t.
A) additional I)
promote
B) applied
J) qualifies
C) demand
K) specialized
D) excessive L)
tension
E) experience M)
trained
F) explores
N) view
G) graduates O)
worsens
H) operations
Section B
Directions : In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten
statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given
in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than
once . Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 .
The rise of the sharing economyA) Last night 40,000 people rented accommodation from a service that
offers 250,000 rooms in 30,000 cities in 192 countries. They chose their
rooms and paid for everything online. But their bed were provided by
private individuals ， rather than a hotel chain. Hosts and guests were
matched up by Airbnb , a firm based in San Francisco. Since its launch
in 2008 more than 4 million people have used it—2.5 million of them in
2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a huge new “ sharing
economy”, in which people rent beds ， cars , boats and other assets
directly from each other , co-ordinated via the internet.
B) You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast
(家庭旅店)，owning a timeshare (分时度假房) or participating in a car
pool. But technology has reduced transaction costs, making sharing assets
cheaper and easier than ever——and therefore possible on a much larger scale.
The big change is the availability of more data about people and things，
which allows physical assets to be divided and consumed as services.
Before the internet, renting a surfboard , a power tool or a parking space
from someone else was feasible，but was usually more trouble than it was
worth Now websites such as Airbnb，RelayRides and SnapGoods match
up owners and renters ; smartphones with GPS let people see where the
nearest rentable car is parked ; social networks provide a way to check up
on people mad build trust；and online payment systems handle the billing.
What’s mine is yours，for a fee
C) Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a
retailer , sharing sites let individuals act as all ad hoc (临时的) taxi
service，car-hire firm or boutique hotel (精品酒店) as and when it suits
them. Just go online or download an app. The model works for items
that are expensive to buy and are widely owned by people who do not
make full use of them. Bedrooms and cars are the most obvious
examples, but you can also rent camping spaces in Sweden, fields in
Australia and washing machines in France. As advocates of the sharing
economy like to put it , access trumps (胜过) ownership.
D) Rachel Botsmam , the author of a book on the subject, says the
consumer peer-to-peer rental market alone is worth $26 billion. Broader
definitions of the sharing economy include peer-to-peer lending or
putting a solar panel on your roof and selling power back to the grid
(电网). And it is not just individuals: the web makes it easier for
companies to rent out spare offices and idle machines, too. But the
core of the sharing economy is people renting things from each other.
E) Such “collaborative” (合作的) consumption is a good thing for
several reasons. Owners make money from underused assets. Airbnb says
hosts in San Francisco who rent out their homes do so for an average
of 58 nights a year, making $9,300. Car owners who rent out their
vehicles to others using RelayRides make an average of $250 a month ;
some make more than $1,000. Renters, meanwhile, pay 1ess than they
would if they bought the item themselves, or turned to a traditional
provider such as a hote1 or car-hire firm. And there are environmentalbenefits , too: renting a car when you need it, rather than owning one,
means fewer cars are required and fewer resources must be devoted to
making them.
F) For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is
part of the charm. Curmudgeons (倔脾气的人) who imagine that every
renter is a murderer can still stay at conventional hotels. For others, the
web fosters trust. As well as the background checks carried out by
platform owners, online reviews and ratings are usually posted by both
parties to each transaction, which makes it easy to spot bad drivers,
bathrobe-thieves and surfboard-wreckers. By using Facebook and other
social networks, participants can check each other out and identify friends
(or friends of friends) in common. An Airbnb user had her apartment
trashed in 2011. But the remarkable thing is how well the system usually
woks.
Peering into the future
G) The sharing economy is a little like online shopping, which started in
America 15 year ago. At first, people were worried about security.
But having made a successful purchase from, say, Amazon, they felt
safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for
the first time encourages people to try other offerings. Next, consider
eBay. Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now
dominated by professional “power seller” (many of whom started out
as ordinary eBay users). The same may happen with the sharing
economy, which also provides new opportunities for enterprise. Some
people have bought cars solely to rent them out, for example.
H) Existing rental businesses are getting involved too. Avis, a car-hire
firm, has a share in a sharing rival. So do GM ad Daimler, two
carmakers. In future, companies may develop hybrid (混合的) models,
listing excess capacity (whether vehicles, equipment or office space) on
peer-to-peer renta1 sites. In the past, new ways of doing things online
have not displaced the old ways entirely. But they have often changed
them. Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and Tesco to adapt, so
online sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and more.
I) The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be
subject to hotel taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using
Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels. In some American
cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by
traditional taxi firms. The danger is that although some rules need to be
updated to protect consumers from harm, existing rental businesses will
try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax,
of course, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel.
The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than
adequate.
J) The sharing economy is the latest example of the internet's value to
consumers. This emerging model is now big and disruptive (颠覆性的)enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it. That is a
sign of its immense potential. It is time to start caring about sharing.
46. Sharing items such as cars does good to the environment.
47. Airbnb's success clearly illustrates the emergence of a huge sharing
economy.
48. The major concern about the sharing economy is how the government
regulates it.
49. The most frequently shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully
used.
50. The sharing economy has a promising future.
51. Online sharing will change the way business is done in transportation,
travel, rentals, etc.
52. Airbnb is a website that enables owners and renters to complete
transactions online.
53. The sharing economy is likely to go the way of online shopping.
54. One advantage of sharing is that owners earn money from renting out
items not made full use of.
55. Sharing appeals to the sociable in that they can meet new people.
Section C
Directions : There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by
some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there
are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). You should decide
on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and
food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological
need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the
food in front of us.
Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a
similar distraction ) can increase both hunger and the amount of food
consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been
shown to affect portion size and consumption.
A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in
appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not
by how much they'd eaten but rather by now much food they'd seen in front
of them---in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity(差异) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a
bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey
M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of
Bristol.
“Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent
meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal,”
Brunstrom says. “This shows that the relationship between hunger and food
intake is more complex than we thought. “
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can
sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for
instance, people who drank the same 880-caiorie (卡路里) milkshake on two
separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones ( 荷尔
蒙 ), depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140
calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they
thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.
What does this mean for our eating habits ? Although it hardly seems
practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the
benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while
eating.
The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us
control our appetite , Brunstrom says.
56．What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake ?
A) How we perceive the food we eat. C) When we eat our meals.
B) What ingredients the food contains. D) How fast we eat our meals.
57．What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the
previous meal?
A) You would probably be more picky about food．
B) You would not feel like eating the same food．
C) You would have a good appetite．
D) You would not feel so hungry．
58．What do we learn from the 2011 study?
A) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases．
B) Food labels may influence our body’s response to food．
C) Hunger levels depend on one’s consumption of calories．
D) People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary．
59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?
A) Trick ourselves into eating less. C) Concentrate on food while
eating．
B) Choose food with fewer calories. D) Pick dishes of the right
size．60 .What is the main idea of the passage7
A) Eating distractions often affect our food digestion．
B) Psychological factors influence our hunger levels．
C) Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.
D) Good eating habits will contribute to our health．
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on
education , so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the
population. Ideally，both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for
the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.
High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work
than they might, or than many other nations currently offer ， creating a
growing skills gap in our economy．We encourage students to go on to
college whether they are prepared or not，or have a clear sense of purpose or
interest , and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world．
We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can
offer better training，as well as the development of a work ethic ( 勤奋工作
的 美 德 ) and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and
development. I recommend Harvard's 2011 “Pathways to Prosperity ” report for
more attention to the“forgotten half” ( those who do not go on to college)
and ideas about how to address this issue．
Simultaneously，the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a
knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college
students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet，the skill set
needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.
Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech，knowing how
to find information , and knowing how to do research are all solid background
skills for a wide variety of roles，and such training is more important than
any particular major in a liberal arts college. We need to continue to value
broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.
Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible
decisions. The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (恶化) by
parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in
college education，parental concern is not surprising，but learning where and
when to intervene ( 干预 ) will help students take more ownership of the
outcomes of these increasingly costly educations .
61. What kind of education does the author think is ideal?
A) It benefits the great majority of the general population.
B) It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.
C) It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.
D) It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.62. What does the author say is the problem with present high school
education?
A) Ignoring the needs of those who don't go to college.
B) Teaching skills to be used right after graduation only.
C) Giving little attention to those having difficulty learning.
D) Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world.
63. What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passage?
A) People have to receive higher education to qualify for a professional
position.
B) Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securing a job.
C) New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning.
D) Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing
economy.
64. What does the author think a liberal arts college should focus on?
A) Solid background knowledge in a particular field.
B) Practical skills urgently needed in current society.
C) Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning.
D) Useful thinking skills for advanced academic research.
65.What suggestion does the author offer to parents?
A) Rethinking the value of higher education.
B) Investing wisely in their children's education.
C) Helping their children to bring their talent into full play.
D) Avoiding too much intervention in their children's education.
Part Ⅳ Translation
(30minutes)
Directions: For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage
from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.
许多人喜欢中餐, 在中国,烹饪不仅被视为一种技能,而且也被视为一种艺术。
精心准备的中餐既可口又好看, 烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。 但好的
烹饪都有一个共同点 , 总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养( nutrition) 。
由于食物对健康至关重要 , 好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平
衡,所以中餐既味美又健康。
