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2014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题(一)答案与详解
Part Ⅰ Writing
审题思路
本篇题目一改过去常写的议论文，要求写对自己影响最大的大学同学。根据题目要求，写作重点应
当是描述，而不是议论。考生首先应直接或间接地引出主题，然后通过具体事例阐释该同学对“我”产生
重大影响的原因,最后发表议论，照应前文，升华主题。由此可知，题目要求写一篇夹叙夹议，以叙述为
主的作文。
写作提纲
一、提出观点：同学“Tom”改变了“我”（be subject to being pessimistic，strive to encourage, appreciate)
二、阐释主题：1、在他的帮助下，我发现英语没那么难(be confused about，make progress)
2、他教我如何面对挫折(live through setbacks)
三、升华主题：l、“Tom”让我认识到了自信和乐观的重要性(the significance of self-confidence and
optimism)
2、这种态度使人受益终身(benefit people all his life)
范文点评
高分范文 精彩点评
① ②通过描述那个曾经缺乏自信而且悲观的
A Classmate Who Has Influenced Me Most in College “我”渐渐地有所改变引出文章主题——对 “我”
影响最大的大学同学，他竭尽全力鼓励“我”。
① Once upon a tim e, I was not so confident about my
③承接上句，表达对他的感激之情。
study and was subject to being pessimistic when confronted with
④列举具体事例:在英语学习方面对“我”的 帮
frustrations. ② However, I found myself gradually changing as
助。
Tom, one of my classmates in college, strived to encourage me. ③
⑤使用in addition衔接，不仅使语义连贯，而且层
I really appreciate his help.
次分明。
④ I used not to be good at English； however, whenever I
⑥⑦列举具体事例:演讲比赛失败后他对“我” 的
was confused about the teacher’s explanation, he always
鼓励。
interpreted it to me in- an explicit way. Gradually, I found English
not so difficult and made progress day by day. ⑤ In additio n, it ⑧说明他对“我”的影响:在他的鼓励下，“我”
重拾了信心，认识到乐观的重要性。
was Tom who kept guiding me how to live through all kinds of
setbacks in life. ⑥ I’ll never forget the very day when I failed my⑨ 升华主题:他使“我”认识到自信和乐观的重 要
speech contest and I was overwhelmed and ashamed.⑦ Tom told 性。这种态度使人终身受益
me that nobody can defeat a person if he is determined to stand up
to every failure. ⑧ With his encouragement, I regained 加分亮点
confidence, realizing that optimism was always the key to success. be subject to 有…倾向
⑨ Thanks to Tom, I eventually learned the significance of
appreciate 感激
self-confidence and optimism. They not only serve as
indispensable characteristics of personality but also will benefit interpret 解释
people all his life. indispensable不可或缺的
全文翻译
对我影响最大的大学同学
我曾经对自己的学习并不那么自信，而且遇到挫折时就容易悲观。然而，当我的一个大学同学汤姆竭尽2014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
全力鼓励我的时候，我发现自己渐渐地有所改变。我非常感激他对我的帮助。
以前我的英语不好，然而每当我对老师的讲解感到迷惑不解时，汤姆总是用清晰明了的方式给我解释。
渐渐地，我发现英语并没那么难，并一天天地取得进步。不仅如此，汤姆还一直引导我如何应对生活中各种
各样的挫折。 我永远也忘不了我演讲比赛失败那一天，我当时不知所措，觉得很羞愧。汤姆告诉我，没有谁
能打败一个在每一次失败面前都坚定地站起来的人。在他的鼓励下，我重拾了信心，认识到乐观常常是成功
的关键政
多亏汤姆，我最终认识到了自信和乐观的重要性。它们不仅是人们必备的品格，而且还将使人终身受益。
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1.听力原文：W： When was the last time you dusted the apartment?
M： When was the last time my mother came over?
Q ： What does the man imply?
1. A) The woman is fussy about the cleanness of the apartment.
B）He has not cleaned the apartment since his mothers visit.
C）He does not remember when his mother came over.
D) His mother often helps him to clean the apartment.
【预测】四个选项反复出现clean和his mother, 可以推测对话内容涉及打扫卫生及男士的母亲。四个选项
中有两个以he开头,一个以his开头，且B)、C)、D)选项内容一般为he自己才能说出的信息，所以答案
应该在男士的话里，注意听男士的话。A)选项以the woman开头，和其他三珍选项有明显区别,可以初步
排除。
【精析】B。女士问男士上次打扫公寓是什么时候，男士没有直接回答，而是抛出一个问题:我妈妈上次
来是什么时候？言外之意就是他妈妈上次来看他的时候打扫了卫生，之后没再打扫，故答案为B)。
2. W： Hurry up, Mark. There’s a bus coming now.
M： Why run? There’ll be another one in 2 or 3 minutes.
Q ： What does the man mean?
2. A) The bus stop is only two minutes’ walk. C) They might as well take the next bus.
B) The running made him short of breath. D) The woman is late by a couple of
minutes.
【预测】四个选项中出现了 bus, walk, miming和late等词，可以推测对话和乘坐公交车相关，有可能是
怕迟到而赶公交车。
【精析】C)。女士提醒男士快点，因为公交车就要开过来了。男去反问为什么要跑呢？两三分钟后就会
有另一辆公交车了。由此可知，男士认为没有必要着急赶这班公交车，可以乘坐下一班公交车，故答案为
C）。
3.听力原文：M： Laura, it seems that you are up to your neck in work, how come you’ve been so busy?
W： Miss Smith has asked for a sick leave, and I have to take over her work for a couple of days.
Q ： What do we learn about the woman?
3. A) She is suffering a pain in her neck. C) She has to do extra work for a few days.
B）She is likely to replace Miss Smith. D) She is quite sick of working overtime.
【预测】四个选项中的 replace, extra work 和 working overtime 暗示该题和工作过多相关。四个选项均以
she 开头，因此女士的话应为听音重点。
【精析】C)。男士指出女士工作忙得不可开交，询问女士为什么会如此忙。男士的话中出现了短语be up
to one’s neck，意为 “忙得不可开交” ，此处很容易造成误解，应注意。女士回答说因为 Miss Smith请
了病 假，她必须接管Miss Smith的工作。由此可推断，女士必须做额外的工作，故答案为C)。2014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
4.听力原文：W ： Washing dishes at the cafeteria every day is really boring.
M： Why don’t you quit and deliver flowers with me?
Q ： What does the man suggest the woman do?2014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
4. A) Change her job. C) Open a flower shop.
B) Buy a dishwasher. D) Start her own business.
【预测】四个选项均为动词短语，可推测该题可能会对建议或计划进行提问。选项中出现了 job, open
a...shop 和 start...business, 可推测对话和工作相关。
【精析】A)。女士抱怨每天在自助餐厅刷盘子很无聊，男士用why don’t…句型向女士提建议:为什么不辞
职和我一起送花呢？由此可以推断，男士认为女士应该换个工作，故答案为A)。
5.听力原文：W： Rod, you said you’d take this package to the post office yesterday.
M： Oh, no. It must have slipped my mind.
Q ： What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
5. A) He forgot where he had left the package. C) He wanted to deliver the package himself.
B) He slipped on his way to the post office. D) He failed to do what he promised to do.
【预测】四个选项反复出现package和post office等词， 可推测对话应涉及邮局取送包裹的内容。 四个
选项均以he开头，且选项内容为一般为he自己才能说出的信息，所以答案应该在男士的话里，注意听男
士的话。
【精析】D)。通过女士的话可知，男士昨天说过他会把包裹送到邮局，男士的回答中有一个短语slip
one’s mind，意为“意外地忘记”，理解了这个短语， 该题就迎刃而解了。根据男士的回答 “肯定是把
这事忘了” 可推测，男士并没有帮女士把包裹送到邮局,也就是说男士没有兑现自己的承诺，故答案为
D)。
6.听力原文：M： Fm not surprised you didn’t like that movie. I find it really scary myself.
W ： So did I.I don’t care much for horror movies as a rule.
Q ： What do we learn from the conversation?
6. A) The speakers do not agree with each other. C) The man pays for the tickets as a rule.
B) The woman does not like horror films. D) The speakers happened to meet in the
cinema.
【预测】四个选项中出现了 films, tickets和cinema等词， 可以推测对话内容与看电影有关。四个选项中
A)、D)均以the speakers开头， B)、C)分别以 the woman 和 the man 开头, 可推测本题并非针对男士
或女士的话进行提问，很有可能是对整个对话的理解。特别是对一些容易引起歧义的短语的理解。 因
此，男士和女士的话都是听音重点。
【精析】B)。男士表示他对女士不喜欢那部电影并不奇怪，他自己也觉得那部电影很恐怖,女士用so did I
对男士的说法表示同意，并指出自己通常不喜欢恐怖电影。其中care for意为“喜欢”，as a rule意为“通
常”，正确理解了这两个短语就很容易得出答案了，故答案为B)。
7.听力原文：M ： My life experience tells me that love is filled with happiness but it hurts you too.
W ： Your words remind me of the saying honey is sweet but the bee stings.
Q ： What do we learn from the conversation?
7. A) The woman is just as unlucky as the man. C) The speakers share a common view on
love.
B) The woman is more sensitive than the man. D) The speakers are unhappy with their
marriage.
【预测】四个选项中出现了 unlucky, sensitive，love和I unhappy这些表示感情的词汇，可推测对话将涉及
感情问题。四个选项中A)、B)均以the woman开头, 将 the woman 和 the man 进行对比，C)、D)均以
the speakers 开头,对两个说话者进行描述，可推测本题考查对整个对话的理解。因此，男士和女士的话都
是听音重点。
【精析】C)。男士指出自己的生活经验表明爱情充满甜蜜但也会伤害人，女士说男士的话使自己想到一
42014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
句 谤语:蜂蜜很甜，但是蜜蜂会蜇人。这句谚语中蜂蜜代表爱情，这说明女士也认为爱情有甜蜜、有伤痛，
和男士的观点一致，故答案为C)。
8.听力原文：M： How many more chairs should I bring in for the forum，six or seven?
W： Bring in all you can find. I’m expecting at least 20 participants.
Q ： What are the speakers talking about?
8. A) Preparations for a forum. C) Organizers of a forum.
B) Participants in the forum. D) Expectations of the forum.
【预测】四个选项均为名词短语，且都和forum有关，由此可推测对话会提问和讨论会相关的清况,选项
没有明确的针对性，因此男士和女士的话都是听音重点。
【精析】A)。男士问女士讨论会还需要几把椅子，女士让男士把能找到的所有椅子都拿来，她预计至少
会有 20名参会者。由此可推断他们谈论的是讨论会的准备工作，故答案为A)。
Conversation One
9-12.听力原文：
M ： Do you think there’s discrimination against women in England today?
W： Certainly, and not just in education and work either, in many other fields as well. The tax situation for
women is very unfair, for example.
M ： Are women better off in other countries then?
W： It depends on the country. (9) There’s certainly much less discrimination in Scandinavia , and maybe in
America , too .
M： Do you think the position of English women will improve?
W： In some ways it will of course. (10) I’m sure more women will go out to work in the next 20 years. But women
have a much greater problem than this to solve.
M: What’s that?
W : The problem of men’s attitudes. We can earn more money in the future, but I’m not sure we can change
men’s attitudes. You see, most men really think that women are inferior. Maybe we are physically weaker, but
I don’t think this means we are inferior. Then there’s another problem.
M： Yes?
W ： The problem of women’s attitudes. Lots of women are unhappy with their present situation, but most of
them probably don^ want to fight for change. (11) It could be that the women’s liberation movement has to
spend more time changing women’s attitudes than it spends in changing men’s.
M ： One last question, some supporters of the women’s liberation movement believed that marriage should be
abolished. Do you agree?
W: No, I don’t. It can’t happen. What may and should happen is that we teach men to spend more time looking
after children and doing housework.
9. Where are women said to be less discriminated against?
A) France. C) Russia.
B) Scandinavia. D) East Europe.
B。【精析】对话开头男士问女士在英国女性有没有受歧视的现象，女士肯定有这种现象并举例证明。男
士接着提问其他国家的情况，女士认为这要视国家而定，在斯堪的纳维亚和美国，女性受歧视的现象少一
些，故B)为答案。
10. What will happen in England in 20 years according to the conversation?
52014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
A) More women will be promoted in the workplace.
B) More women will overcome their inadequacies.
C) More women will receive higher education.
D) More women will work outside the family.
D。【精析】对话中男士问女士英国女性的地位能否得到改善，女士给出了肯定的回答，认为接下来20年
会有越来越多的女性外出工作，故D)为答案。
11. What does the woman think the women’s liberation movement should do?
A) Try hard to protect women’s rights.
B) Educate men to respect women more.
C) Help women acquire more professional skills.
D) Spend more time changing women’s attitudes.
D。【精析】对话中女士提到女性所面临的问题不仅是男性对女性的性别歧视，还有女性自身的态度，尽
管很多女性对目前状况不满意，但是大部分人都不会为改变而战，女士接下来对妇女解放运动提出了建议，
需要花更多时间改变女性自身的态度，故D)为答案。
Conversation Two
听力原文：
M： (12) Cheers, Shirley.
W： Cheers, Paul. What a lovely place for a business lunch. I hope I can concentrate in this heat.
M ： I’m sure you will when I tell you about my ideas.
W： You know, I must say I was pleased to hear from you, but from what you said on the phone, everything is so
sudden.
M： Well, (13) my father-in-law, who is also the Managing Director of Jayal Motors, has given me two weeks to
prepare a report on the possibility of moving into the export market.
W: Ah, now, just one thing, Paul. Have you really thought the whole idea through?
M: Of course I have.
W: (14) Now the key thing in the whole operation is to get a good import agent，and you say the bank will help?
M: Fm almost sure of it.
W: Preliminary studies are all very good, Paul. But if the product can’t sell, then there’s little use in expanding
the factory.
M: Yes, I realize that, Shirley. But we have a very good product. The chief designer has just completed a new
improved model.
W: I know your bikes have a very good reputation here，but you have to build up a reputation and market in
Africa.
M： Yes, of course. But the immediate problem is that my father-in-law wants a detailed report by next Monday.
Two weeks isn’t enough time to prepare a report, so I need your help.
W： OK, Paul. You’ve convinced me. (15) I must say I admire your determination.
12、Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A) In a restaurant. C) At the man’s office.
B) In a hotel lobby. D) At the woman’s place.
A)。【详解】对话开头男士和女士都说了 cheers“干杯”，这个词通常用在饮酒时，女士接着提到了
business lunch,意为“商业午餐，工作午餐”。两者结合可以推测两人的会话地点应该在饭店，故A)
为答案。
62014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
13、What do we learn about the man’s father-in-law?
A) He is the chief designer of the latest bike model.
B) He has completed an overseas market survey.
C) He is the Managing Director of Jayal Motors.
D) He has just come back from a trip to Africa.
C。【详解】根据问题可知，he指代男士的岳父， 男士明确提到他的岳父是Jayal Motors的总经理，故
C)为答案。
14、What does the woman think is important in the whole operation?
A) To select the right model. C) To convince the board
members.
B) To get a good import agent. D) To cut down production costs.
B。【详解】对话中女士明确提到目前经营中最关键的就是征招一个好的进口代理商，故B)为答案。
15、What does the woman admire in the man?
A) His flexibility. C) His intelligence.
B) His vision. D) His determination.
D。【详解】根据题干可知“他”指代男性说话者。对话末尾女士表示自己非常钦佩男士的决心，故D)为
答案。
Section B
Passage One
(16) Scientists understand how twins are born. Now though, they are trying to explain how being half of a
biological pair influences a twin’s identity. They want to know why many identical twins make similar choices
even when they don’t live near each other. For example, Jim Springer and Jim Louis are identical twins. They were
separated when they were only 4-month old. (17) The two Jims grew up in different families and did not meet for
39 years. When they finally met，they discovered some surprising similarities between them. Both men were
married twice, their first wives were named Linda, and their second wives were both named Betty. Both twins
named their first sons James Allen. Scientists want to know what influences our personality. (18) They study pairs
of identical twins who grew up in different surroundings, like Jim Springer and Jim Louis. These twins help
scientists understand the connection between environment and biology. Researchers at the University of
Minnesota, study 350 sets of identical twins who did not grow up together. They discovered many similarities in
their personalities. Scientists believe that personality characteristics such as friendliness, shyness and fears are not
a result of environment. These characteristics are probably inherited. Scientists continue to study identical twins
because they are uncertain about them and have many questions. For example, they want to know “can twins
really communicate without speaking” “can one twin really feel another twin’s pain”. Perhaps with more
research，scientists will find the answers.
【预测】 预览三道题各选项，由选项中出现的identity, identical twins, distinguish 和 communicate 等词可
以推测，短文可能与同卵双胞胎相关，可能涉及他们的异同点。
16、What are scientists trying to explain according to the passage?
A) How being an identical twin influences one’s identity.
B) Why some identical twins keep their identities secret.
C) Why some identical twins were separated from birth.
D) How identical twins are born, raised and educated.
A。【详解】短文开头提到，科学家已经弄明白双胞胎是如何形成的，他们现在正在研究的是双胞胎中的
一方如何影响另一方，全文就此展开论述，故A)为答案。
72014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
17、What do we learn about the twin Jims?
A) Their second wives were named Linda. C) Their first children were both daughters.
B) They grew up in different surroundings. D) They both got married when they were 39.
B。【详解】短文以Jim Springer和Jim Louis这对双胞胎为例，详细说明了他们的异同点。他们4个月大
时分开，39年未曾谋面，却有着惊人的相似点:他们都结婚两次，第一任妻子都叫Linda,第二任妻子都叫
Betty,第一个儿子都叫James Allen。对照选项，可知B)为答案。
18、Why are scientists interested in studying identical twins raised in different families?
A) They want to find out the relationship between environment and biology.
B) They want to see what characteristics distinguish one from the other.
C) They want to understand how twins communicate when far apart.
D) They want to know whether twins can feel each others pain.
A。【详解】短文提到,科学家研究了多对生活环境迥异的双胞胎，其目的是了解生活环境和生物因素的
关系，并提出了今后研究的许多课题，故A)为答案。
Passage Two
Today I’m going to talk about tents. (19) Camping is still one of the cheapest ways of having a holiday. And
each year, over 3 million people take camping vacations, either here in Britain or abroad, mostly on the Continent.
Obviously, camping can’t be as comfortable as living in a permanent house，but modem tents can be very
comfortable indeed, with windows, bedrooms, kitchens and sitting rooms. (20) The most popular tent sold in
Britain is the frame tent with 2 bedrooms and sleeping accommodation for 4 people. There is usua ll y an outer tent
o f water-proofed fabric and a lighter inner tent or tents with a built-in groundsheet. The outer tent fits over the
frame work. This is made of metal poles which are fitted together. The inner tent is attached to this frame.
Generally, the inner tent is about half the area of the outer tent. The other half of the outer tent is the living area.
This doesn’t usually have a groundsheet but you can buy one to fit, though it costs extra. The ordinary 4-bed frame
tent doesn’t usually have a separate kitchen area, but the larger ones often do. (21) You c an buy a kitchen
extension for many tents ， and it’s worth buying one if you plan to stay camping in one place for more than a few
days.
19、What does the speaker say about camping?
A) It is especially attractive to children and the young.
B) It is the first choice of vacationers on the Continent.
C) It is as comfortable as living in a permanent house.
D) It is an inexpensive way of spending a holiday.
D。【详解】短文开头交代了主题:露营。露营是最便宜的度假方式之一，帐篷是露营的必需品，故D)为
答案。
20、What does the passage tell us about the most popular tent sold in Britain?
A) It has a solid plastic frame. C) Itis very convenient to set up.
B) It consists of an inner and an outer tent. D) It is sold to many Continental
countries.
B。【详解】短文提到，在英国最受欢迎的帐篷有两个卧室，可容纳四人。这种帐篷通常由防水的外层纤
维结构和较轻的里层帐篷或带有内置防潮布的帐篷构成，故B)为答案。
21、What does the speaker suggest buying if you plan to stay camping in one place for more than a few days?
A) A groundsheet. C) Akitchen extension.
B) A gas stove. D) A spare tent.
C。【详解】文最后给度假者提出建议:如果打算在一个地方露营几天的话，最好购买一套厨房设备，故
C)
82014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
为答案。
Passage Three
Andorra, one of the smallest countries in the world, is located high in the mountains between France and
Spain. (22) The country covers only 179 square miles. That is less than half the size of New York City. High,
rocky mountains surround Andorra. (23) Until the 1930s, travelers had difficulty reaching the country. Up until
that time, people in Andorra lived the way they had lived for centuries. Most Andorrans worked as farmers. Things
did not change quickly. (24) When roads were built from France and Spain to Andorra in the 1930s, life picked up
speed. Tourists began to visit the small country. These tourists brought in a lot of money to spend while visiting.
Many people in Andorra found new jobs in shops or hotels. These changes helped to keep young people in
Andorra. There were many more jobs than before the roads were built. Today tourists provide 80 to 90 percent of
Andorra’s income. More than a million people visit each year. They come to view the rough mountains. They
enjoy the quiet way of life. Most people are also interested in the ancient buildings. There are many shops for
tourists to browse in. Clothes, watches, wines and other items are sold at low prices in Andorra. Import fees are
low, so tourists enjoy the inexpensive shopping. Most of the businesses in Andorra are owned by its citizens. There
are not many foreign businesses. Some Andorrans still farm and raise sheep and cattle. (25) But most are now
involved with the tourist trade.
22、How big does the speaker say Andorra is?
A) It covers 179 square miles. C) It covers 97 square kilometers.
B) It is as big as New York City. D) It is only half the size of Spain.
A。【详解】短文主要介绍了位于法国和西班牙之间的一个小国家:安道尔。其面积为179平方英里，不及
纽约市面积的一半，故A)为答案。
23、What can be said about Andorra before the 1930s?
A) Its geographic features attracted many visitors.
B) Its citizens enjoyed a peaceful, comfortable life.
C) It imported food from foreign countries.
D) It was cut off from the rest of the world.
D。【详解】短文提到,上世纪30年代之前，游客很难到达安道尔，那个时候，那里的居民仍然以几百年
前 的生活方式生活着。由此可推测，过去安道尔与外界联系甚少，故D)为答案。
24、What event changed the situation in Andorra?
A) The fast development of its neighboring countries.
B) The increasing investment by developed countries.
C) The building of roads connecting it with neighboring countries.
D) The establishing of diplomatic relations with France and Spain.
C。【详解】由短文可知，安道尔过去相当封闭，连接安道尔与法国和西班牙的公路改变了这一切，使得
游客开始到访这个小国家，故C)为答案。
25、What do most people in Andorra do nowadays?
A) They work on their farms. C) They raise domestic animals.
B) They work in the tourist industry. D) They make traditional handicrafts.
B。【详解】短文末尾提到安道尔的变化，尤其是旅游业发展之快。多数人开始从事与旅游业相关的生意，
故B)为答案。
Section C
26、familiar。【详解】此处应该填入形容词，作系动词sound的表语。familiar意为“熟悉的”。
27、put forward。 【详解】此处应该填入动词过去分词形式，作these的后置定语,these指代第一段提到
的建议。put forward意为“提出”。
92014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
28、caution。【详解】此处应该填入名词，与前面的with构成介词短语。caution意为“小心，谨慎”。
29、live with。【详解】此处应该填入动词原形,作定语从句的谓语。live with为固定搭配，意为“接受，
忍受”。
30、alternatives。【详解】此处应该填入复数形式的名词。alternatives意为“可供选择的事物”。
31、ignore。【详解】此处应该填入动词原形，作宾语从句的谓语。ignore意为“忽视”。
32、participated。【详解此处应该填入动词过去分词形式,构成完成时。participate in是固定搭配，意为
“参加,参与;分享。
33、in need of。 【详解】此处应该填入介词短语，与后面的care and protection —起作child的定语。in
need of是固定搭配，意为“需要……”。
34、focus only on。【详解】此处应该填入动词或动词短语，作句子的谓语。focus on意为“集中，关注”。
35、judgments。【详解】此处应该填入名词,作动词make的宾语。make judgments意为“做出判断”，故
答案 为 judgments，也可以写作 judgements。
PartⅢ Reading Comprehension
Section A
答案详解：
36、H) private。【详解】形容词辨析题。空格后面goods为名同，闪此空格处应填入形容词，用以修饰
goods “物品”。文章首句介绍了受益原则的具体内容，即纳税人根据受益大小交纳税收。空格下一句以
个人购买电影票的花费为例，详细阐述了受益原则的内容。结合上文的 public goods,可以确定形容词
private为本题答案，意思是“私人的，个人的”。备选形容词中，fair意思是“公平的”，与文意不符，
可以排除。
37、N) total。【详解】固定搭配题。本句意在通过私人物品来阐述受益原则的内容:一个经常去看电影的
人购票费用总额多于很少去看电影的人。in total是固定搭配，意思是“总数。
38、K) similarly。【详解】副词辨析题。空格所在句为一个完整句子，并不缺少句子成分。由此可知，空
格处可填入副词修饰整句话。上文通过个人消费实例阐述了受益原则的内容，本句意在进一步阐述，两者
构成并列关系，故similarly为答案。备选项中只有两个副词:similarly和simply。simply意思是“仅仅，只
是”,无法与前文构成并列关系，可以排除。
39、F) justified。【详解】动词辨析题。根据空格前后的is和using可以判断格处应填入副词修饰动词，
或填入动词过去分词构成被动语态。similarly和simply两个副词均与文意不符，故考虑使用justified或
provided构成被动语态。provided后面不能使用现在分词形式，故可排除。因此Justified为答案,意思是
“证明……合理”，承接第一段内容，本句意为“燃油税的征收遵循受益原则就是合理的justify doing sth.
是常用结构，意为“证明做……合理。
40、 J) revenues。【详解】名词辨析题。分析句子结构可知,are used to为被动结构，空格处应填入名词作
主 语，且应为复数形式。备选名词中只有两个复数名词：expenses和revenues。 expenses意思是“费
用”， revenues意思是“税收”，结合上文提到的税收问题，可知revenues为本题答案。备选名词
revenues与文中 tax是同一概念。
41、E)fair。【详解】形容词辨析题。结合空格前的冠词 a和空格后的 way可知，空格处应填入形容
词作定语。根据受益原则，受益越多的纳税人交纳的税额也应该更多，这自然是非常合理的做法，故
fair“公平的”为本题答案。备选形容词中private在第36题已使用，可以直接排除。
42、L) simply。【详解】副词辨析题。本段意在通过富人纳税更多的实例来阐释受益原则。simply意为
“仅 仅，只是”，符合文意，为本题答案。备选副词中,similarly在第38题已使用，可以直接排除。
43、M) theft。【详解】名词辨析题。此处通过富人在警察保护个人财产方面受益更多的例子，进一步阐
述受益原则。根据文意可知，警察保护私人财产安全的服务就应该遵循受益原则。结合句中的
police protection,可知theft符合文意，即“警察保护财产不被盗窃”。
44、B) contribute。【详解】动词辨析题。空格处位于情态动should之后，故应填入动词原形，备选
项中只有两个，即adapt和contribute,两词均可与to搭配。adapt to意思是“适应”，不符合文意“富人应
交纳更多 的税额”，故contribute为本题答案。contribute to是常用搭配，意为“贡献，捐献”。
102014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
45、G) maintaining。【详解】 动词辨析题。个现在分词，exerting意为“运用，行使”,其宾语常为工
具或权力，不符合文意，故maintaining为本题答案。maintain意为“供养，维持”，此处maintaining the
police force意为“维持警力”。
Section B
Passage One
46、The author felt as a boy that his life in a separated neighborhood was casual and cozy
K)。【译文】作者觉得孩童时期在一个独立的黑人社区的生活随意而舒适。
【精析】B)段第一句提及,20世纪50年代的皮德蒙特是值得回忆的，接着开始回忆那个时候也就是作者孩
童时期的皮德蒙特。F)段首先陈述了一个事实:黑人居住在三个独立的社区。然后描述了人们在这里生活
的 感受:生活在这里感觉不错，就像你可以赤着脚、穿着内衣在屋子里走动，或者躺在电视机前的沙发上
打鼾睡觉——处处充满着家的舒适和你所爱的人的温暖。由此可见，作者小时候认为黑人社区的生活的确
比较随意、 舒适。题干是对F)段画线部分的总结，故答案为F)。
47、There is every sign of decline at the paper mill now.
D)。【译文】如今造纸厂处处充斥着没落的迹象。
【精析】本段首先陈述皮德蒙特的命运完全与维实伟科造纸厂联系在一起:它的过去非常辉煌，未来却难
以 捉摸。然后说明其没落的状况:许多过去代表着辉煌和自豪的宏伟建筑已是人去楼空，东汉普郡大街的
大型建筑已经不像我小时候那样辉煌。题干是对D)段画线部分的总结，故答案为D)。
48、One reason the authors father could sit and eat at the drug store was that he didn’t look that dark
J)。【译文】汉堡王将开始出售西雅图最好咖啡来提高销售额。
【精析】文章描述了黑人受到的歧视:折扣药店不允许黑人坐在柜台或者桌子旁。但作者的父亲却是个例
外， 作者相信一部分原因是他的肤色并不太黑。题干中的one reason对应原文中的in part because;题干中
的 didn’t look that dark是原文中light-colored的同义转述，故答案为J)。
49、Piedmont was a town of immigrants from different parts of the world.
C)。【译文】皮德蒙特是由来自世界各地的人们组成的一个移民小镇。
【精析】定本段介绍了皮德蒙特的社会结构，画线处提到皮德蒙特是一个移民小镇，并说明这些移段来
何处： 由人是意大利人和爱尔兰人，东汉普郡大街住着一牲富有的盎格鲁撒克逊裔的由人新教徒，少
数族裔的工薪阶层（包括白人和黑人）分布在其他地方。题干中的 a town of immigrants是原文中an
immigrant town的同义转述，而题干中different parts of the world是画线处提到的具体地点的概括，故答
案为C)。
50、In spite of the awful inconveniences caused by racial prejudice, the authors family managed to live a life of
dignity.
I)。【译文】尽管种族歧视带来了诸多不便，但作者一家设法过着有尊严的生活。
【精析】本段第一句道出了该段主旨:黑人在生活中会遭遇诸多不便。作者随后列举了不能在餐馆就餐，
不能去旅馆住宿，不能使用某些卫生间，不能在服装店里试穿衣服等种种不便。作者一家去买衣服时不卑
不亢，如果店员拒绝他们试穿，他们会说，“我们不买不能试穿的衣服。”接着很有尊严地走出服装店。
题干中的 inconveniences 是原文中 inconvenient 的同义转述;live a life of dignity 是原文中 in Mama’s
dignified manner 的同义转述，故答案为I)。
51、The author later realized he had caused great distress to his father by asking why he was wrongly
addressed.
M)。【译文】作者后来意识到对于父亲被叫错名字的提问使父亲很受伤。
【精析】文章K)段提到父亲与威尔逊先生打招呼时，威尔逊叫父亲乔治这件事,L)段说明了作者对这件事
的困惑并询问父亲，M)段则给出了作者的领悟:让父亲伤心的并不是世界上像威尔逊先生那样的人，而是
必须痛苦地向一个不懂事的孩子解释种族歧视这个事实。或许威尔逊先生叫父亲乔治并没有伤害到他,但
112014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
是“我”的问题着实让他受伤。题干是对该段画线部分的总结，故答案为M)。
52、The author took pride in being from Piedmont because of its natural beauty.
B) 。【译文】作者因皮德蒙特的自然美景而为来自此地感到自豪。
【精析】本段描述了作者对20世纪50年代的皮德蒙特的美好回忆:人们总是以来自皮德蒙特为荣——你
可以躺在山脚下或者躺在浩瀚的波拖马可河岸边尽情享受。我们知道这是上帝赐予美国最美的地方。题干
中的 took pride in being from Piedmont 是原文 were always proud to be from Piedmont 的同义转述；natural
beauty 可由原文 God gave America no more beautiful location 得知，故答案为 B)。
53、Colored people called white people by the business they did.
H)。【译文】黑人按白的职业称呼他们。
【精析】本段重点描述了白人对黑人生活的影响。画线部分指出，比如邮递员、保险推销员、送奶工、房
东和警察:我们通常按他们的职业称呼那些白人，就像神秘剧里的角色一样。题干中的called white people
by the business they did是原文中 called white people by their trade 的同义转述，故答案为 H)。
54、Colored people who lived in Piedmont did heavy manual jobs at the paper mill.
E)。【译文】生活在皮德蒙特的黑人在造纸厂从事繁重的体力劳动。
【精析】本段重点描述了皮德蒙特黑人的工作状况:他们在20世纪初来到1888年开办的皮德蒙特造纸厂
工 作,1968年之前，造纸厂的所有黑人都在“平台”上工作——把纸装上卡车。题干中的heavy manual
jobs at the paper mill 对应原文中的 loading paper into trucks，故答案为 E)。
55、The colored people felt uneasy at the presence of the whites in their neighborhoods..
G。【译文】黑人对白人出现在他们社区感到不安量。
【精析】本段主要讲述了黑人和白人之间的相互影响，并举例说明。当白人出现在不属于他们的社区时，
比如黑人退伍军人协会大厅，黑人的世界似乎就受到影响了。当白人来到黑人举办的舞会或者晚会时，他
们侵犯了黑人的空间。舞会节奏就会被打破。播放的音乐听起来也会变得异常。人们很早就会离开。这些
例子表明， 当白人出现在黑人社区的时候，黑人会感到不安,题干是G)段画线部分的总结，故答案为G)。
Section C
Passage One
答案详解：
56、A)。定位：由题干定位到文章第一段第三句:But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them while you go
to work is getting more expensive by the year.
详解：推理判断题。文章开头指出，有孩子是件乐事,接着用but进行转折，总述当前形势:雇人照看孩子
的费用却逐年升高。第二段承接第一段,用数据进行详细说明:2012年婴幼儿在托儿所的报名费上涨了3% ,
上涨速度比生活总成本的上涨速度还快。由此可知，幼儿父母必须面临的问题是不断上涨的保育价格，故
答案为A)。
点睛：B) “家庭支出预算”、C)“工作和家庭之间的平衡”和D)“挑选好的日托中心”在文中均没有
提及，可以排除。
57、C)。定位：由题干中feel puzzled 定位到文章第三段:This is not necessarily a new trend, but it is a
somewhat puzzling one...
详解：推理判断题。文章第三段首句提到，这种情况却有些令人不解，接下来具体说明这种情况:虽然保
育费用逐年上涨，但是保育员的工资并没有相应提高，故答案为C)。
点睛: A) “为什么各州之间的保育价格差别巨大”,第五段指出，保育价格受法律影响，法规越严格，
费用越高，而各州保育法规不尽相同，导致了保育价格差别巨大，但作者并未对此感到疑惑，可以排除；
B) “为什么増长的保育价格没能带来更好的服务”，文章重点讨论了保育价格的增长及其原因，未涉及
服务质量问题，可以排除；D)“为什么在许多州保育专业人员严重短缺”，文章未提及，可以排除。
122014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
58、B)。定位：由题干中的childcare centers和saving money定位到文章第五段第四句:If it has to hire a
caregiver for every two children, it can^ really achieve any economies of scale on labor to save money when other
expenses go up.
详解：推理判断题。题干“是什么妨碍保育中心省钱?”正是第四段“谁该为上涨的儿童保育价格负责呢?
”的同义转述，第四段提出设问，第五段进行回答。第五段指出，儿童保育属于受严格管控的行业， 政
府制定的相关法规越严格，保育费用越高。因此严格的政府法规是儿童保育价格上涨的原因,在严格的法
规下，保育中心必须严格按照法律规定的教师与学生的比例来雇请保育员，想通过压缩劳动力成本来省钱
是不可能的，故答案为B)。
点睛：A)“劳动力成本的平稳增长”，文章明确指出，保育中心不可能通过压缩劳动力成本来省钱， 上
文也提到保育员的工资并没有随保育费用的增加而相应提高，可以排除;C) “缺乏州政府的支持”和
“高额的行政开支”在文章中都没有提及，可以排除。
59、 D)。定位：由题干中的average cost, Mississippi和Massachusetts定位到文章第五段最后两句：In
Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants...In Mississippi, where centers
must hire one teacher for every five infants..
详解：推理判断题。第五段阐释了保育价格上涨的原因，指出保育法规越严格，保育价格越高。最后两句
以两个州为例，马萨诸塞州规定一名老师只能照看兰个孩子，这样每年的平均保育费用超过 16000美元。
密西西比州允许一名老师照看五个孩子，平均保育费用则低于5000美元。两个州的保育费用差别巨大，
原因就在于法律规定的教师与学生的比例不同，密西西比州允许一名老师照看的孩子数量多，所以保育费
用低，故答案为D)。
点睛：A) “总体服务质量不如马萨诸塞州好”、B) “保育员的應资没有马萨诸塞州高”和C) “该州
生活费用相对较低”文章都没有提及，可以排除。
60、B）。定位：由题干中的view和daycare service定位到文章最后一段第每句:But I wouldn’t be surprised
if as the rules have become more elaborate, prices have risen.
详解：点态度题。题干是作者对日托服务持什么样的观点。通读全文可知，作者重点分析了日托中心费用
高昂的原因。最后一段总结:法规条例越详尽，价格也随之上涨，相应地孩子的健康和安全也更有保障;反
之，法规越宽松，费用越便宜，故答案为B)。
点睛：A) “保育员应当接受定期的专业培训”，文章没有提及，可以排除;C)“取得质量和花费之间的
平衡至关重要”，文章最后作者认为收费越高，孩子的健康和安全越有保障，这种交换是值得的，而选项
中的strike a balance between quality and costs是期望花费少,服务好，根据文章，这在保育行业很难实现，
可以排除;D) “不同州之间最好相互学习”，文章只是客观陈述了各州由于法律规定不同，保育价格也
不同，并没有表达各州需要相互学习的观点，可以排除。
Passage Two
答案详解：
61、D)。定位: 由题干中的Alex Pang’s new book和aimed for定位到文章第一段第一句:Alex Pang’s
amusing new book The Distraction Addiction addresses those of us who feel panic without a cellphone or
computer.
详解：事实细节题。第一段第一句指出，亚历克斯•彭的新书《分心成瘾》很有趣，书中讲的是那些离开
手机或电脑就感到恐慌的人，也就是指离不开手机或电脑的人。D) “很难让自己远离互联网”对应原文
中的 feel panic without a cellphone or computer，故为答案。
点睛: A)“发现自己在线工作压力过大”，这个选项具有迷惑性，第一段最后一句出现了 stressful work
这个短语,但是其后有个介词短语作后置定语，表达的意思是“努力丈网”，也就是说造成这个压力的原
因是不能上网，而不是“在线工作靡力大”，故排除;B) “上网的主要目的是娱乐”，文章没有提及，
故排除;C) “害怕使用手机或电脑”和原文中“离开手机或电脑就感到恐慌”表述正好相反，故排除。
62、D)。定位：由题干中的try to do和new book定位到文章第二段第一、二句：The Distraction Addiction
is not framed as a self-help book. It’s a thoughtful examination of the dangers of our computing overdose and a
historical overview of how technological advances change consciousness.
132014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
详解: 事实细节题孩文章第二段概括了《分心成瘾》这本书的性质和主要内容:并非励志类图书的它是对
我们过度使用电脑的危害的深人审视，也是对科技进步如何改变意识的历史性概述,D) “审视科技对人
类意识的影响”是对原文的同义转述，故为答案。
点睛：A) “对如何有效利用互联网提出建议”,综观全文可知，新书中并未涉及如何有效利用互联网的
问题，故排除;B) “提醒人们使用互联网的潜在危险”，这个选项迷惑性较大，第二段指出，彭的新书
是对我们过度使用电脑的危害的深入审视，这是指人们过度使用电脑会对其产生依赖,有上瘾的危险，而
不是正常使用互联网带来的潜在危险，故排除;C) “预测未来科技发展的趋势”，文中只提到了科技对
人的影响,没有预测其发展趋势，故排除。
63、A)。定位：由题干中的common view和multitasking定位到文章第三段第一句：Pang’s first job is to
free you from the common misconception that doing two things at once allows you to get more done.
详解：事实细节题。根据该段第一句可知，常见的错误认识是“同时做两件事效率更高题干中的
multitasking 指的是原文中的 doing two things at once 。而 A)中的 work more efficiently 与原文中的 get
more done意思相近，几大家普遍认为多任务处理会使工作更有效，故答案为A)。
点睛：B) “它在某种程度上与任务切换非常相似”，第三段第二句指出，通常所说的多任务处理方式实
际上是任务切换,quite similar to“非常相似”与原文表述不一致，故排除；C) “它使人们的工作和生活
更困难”，第三段最后一句中出现了相似的表达，是彭对使用设备或媒介的认识，与common view“普遍
观点”的说法不符，故排除;D) “它使人们的注意力离开有用的工作”，该选项在文中未提及，故排除。
64、B)。定位：由题干中的computer-aided design定位到文章第四段第二、三句:For architects, computer-
aided design has become essential...Architecture...drawing is a more productive way of thinking than computer-
aided design.
详解：推理判断题。第四段首先指出,新书在科技如何改变劳动力的特定领域方面格外吸引人，接着举例
说明这一观点。彭认为电脑辅助设计对建筑师来说是非常重要的，但在某种程度上使用电脑辅助贬低了设
计过程。作者引用一位建筑师的话对此做出解释:“建筑学首要的是思考，与电脑辅助设计相比，绘图是
更有成效的思维方式”，也就是说建筑师在绘图的过程中更能发挥想象力去思考，而电脑辅助设计则限制
了创造性思维，故答案为B)。
点睛：A“它极大地降低了建筑设计成本”，第四段第二句中出现了 cheapened —词，意为“贬低”，
贬低的是设计过程，没有提及设计成本的问题，故排除;C) “它是建筑师工作过程中不可缺少的部分”，
原文中使用的是essential —词，意为“重要的”，而该选项用了 indispensable —词，意为“不可缺少
的”， 两者有明显差别，故排除;D)“它能使建筑师从费力的绘图中解放出来”，文中没有提及，故排
除。
65、 C)。定位：由题干中的 recommendation 和Internet users 定位到文章第四段倒数第三句：He
recommends the usual behavior-modification approaches, familiar to anyone who has completed a quit-smoking
program.
详解：理判断题。第四段中彭为戒除上网习惯提出了解决方法。他建议使用常见的行为矫正法—一种为
完成戒烟项目的人所熟知的方法,并提供了具体的做法:记录下你的土网日志以研究你的上网概况并确定你
所能剔除的内容，下载一个类似“自由”的程序来锁住浏览器，或选择一个“数字安息日”。网民通过这
些方法或者某些程序的帮助减少上网时间，即对上网时间进行自我控制，故答案 为C)。
点睛：A) “他们应该尽可能少地使用互联网”，文章中推荐的做法，比如做记录、下载软件锁住浏览器
等只能是对上网时间进行控制,不可能所有网民都能做到尽可能少地使用互联网，文章最后也提出像一些
特殊职业，如记者或急诊室医生是不能离开互联网的，故排除;B) “他们记录下使用电脑的时间”， 文
中提到记录下你的上网日志以研究你的上网概况并确定你所能剔除的内容，而不是记录下使用电脑的时间，
故排除;D) “他们只在休息日上网娱乐”，文中并未提及，故排除。
PartⅣ Translation
越来越多的中国年轻人正对旅游产生兴趣，这是近年来的新趋势。年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以
142014年12月年大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解
归 因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。随着旅行多了，年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的
时间少了，他们反而更为偏远的地方所吸引。有些人甚至选择长途背包旅行。最近调查显示，很多年轻人
想要通过旅行体验不同的文化、丰富知识、拓宽视野。
It is a new trend in recent years that more and more Chinese young people are getting interested in traveling.
The increasing number of young travelers can be attributed to the rapid growth of their income and their curiosity
for exploring the outside world. While traveling more, youngsters spend less time in big cities and famous scenic
spots. Instead, they are attracted to remoter places. Some of them would even choose long-distance backpacking. A
recent survey shows that many young people want to experience different cultures, enlarge their knowledge and
broaden their horizons through traveling.
难点注释：
1、翻译第一句吋，首先确定句子的结构。逗号前为主句，逗号后“这”指的是前面整个句子，可翻译成
that引导的主语从句，it作形式主语。然后确定句子的时态，也为全文的时态定下基调。句中的“正”表
示正在发生，因此 本句主句时态应为现在进行时。“对…产生兴趣”可以选择短语get/become interested
in sth.。
2、翻译第二句时，主干为“数量的增加归因于收人和好奇心”，其中“收人”和“好奇心”为并列宾语;
谓语“归因于”可译为固定短语be attributed to...;“探索外部世界的”是“好奇心”的定语，当定语过
长时，可译为后置定语,即curiosity for exploring the outside worlds。
3、翻译第三句时，注意句子过长且较复杂时，可以先进行拆分。本句可以拆分为两个句子:第一个句子到
第二个逗号结束，其后为第二个句子。第一个句子中，“随着旅行多了”作状语;主句中应注意使用比较
级，“在……花的时间少了”译为spend less time in...; “景点”的固定表达为scenic spots。第二个句子
中，“反而”表示对比， 此处可用instead连接两个句子;“为...所吸引”译为be attracfed to… 。
4、第四句比较简单，注意主语的选择，根据上下文有些人”中的“人”就是指前文所提到的年轻人,可以
用some of them作主语，代词的使用会使译文衔接更加流畅。“长途背包旅行”译为 long-distance
backpacking。
5、最后一句可以用一般现在时陈述事实。该句的难点在于三个并列的动宾结构，“体验不同的文化”译
为 experience different cultures, “丰富知识”译为 enlarge their knowledge，“拓宽视野”译为
broaden their horizons 。
15
