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2024届新高三开学摸底考试卷（北京专用）
英 语
（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡
皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节， 30 分)
第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答
题卡上将该项涂黑。
One October morning, I planned to take Honey, my dog, out with me. We live in a 1 area up in the hills.
Our driveway is barely wide enough for one car, with a ravine (深沟) on one side. While I was starting the car
slowly, a flash of sunlight 2 me. I put my hand up to block the sunlight. Suddenly, the car slipped in the soft
soil, and rolled down the ravine. After several rolls, we 3 upside down. I was stuck and felt a sharp pain in
my chest. I looked over to find Honey. Luckily, she was okay.
We were at least 50 feet down. Just as I’d 4 , my cellphone couldn’t get a signal.
Calm down! It old myself. At least I could get Honey out of here. Painfully, I reached over and picked her up
and 5 put her through a broken window. “Go home, baby.” She jumped to the ground and raced up the side of
the ravine.
I could do nothing but sit there for hours. The last bit of light faded away.
Slam! Was that a car door? “Help!” I shouted with all my 6 .
“Mike! Where are you?” It was Robin, my closest neighbor, who lived two miles downhill from me.
Half an hour later, the rescue crew 7 and rushed me to the hospital.
The next day Robin brought Honey to the hospital. She got right up next to me on the bed and snuggled (依偎)
close. With her there, it was like my pain 8 . “I got home from work and Honey was waiting for me,” Robin
said. “She got 9 and ran in circles, like she was trying to tell me something!” Robin figured he’d bring Honeyback to my 10 , and that’s when he heard me shout.
Honey, my life-saving hero!
1．A．crowded B．new C．popular D．remote
2．A．covered B．blinded C．burnt D．warned
3．A．landed B．circled C．drove D．pulled
4．A．hesitated B．feared C．agreed D．doubted
5．A．actively B．constantly C．gently D．secretly
6．A．courage B．wisdom C．patience D．strength
7．A．called B．arrived C．formed D．searched
8．A．returned B．spread C．froze D．disappeared
9．A．confused B．disappointed C．anxious D．bored
10．A．house B．car C．hospital D．office
【参考答案】
1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在山区发生车祸，手机也没有信号，于是把自己的狗Honey先
救了出去，结果Honey叫来了邻居，从而让作者得救了。
【详情解析】
1．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们住在山上的一个偏远地区。A. crowded拥挤的；B. new新的；
C. popular流行的；D. remote遥远的。根据后文“area up in the hills”可知是住在遥远的山区。故选D。
2．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我慢慢地发动汽车时，一道阳光照得我睁不开眼睛。A. covered覆
盖；B. blinded使失明；C. burnt燃烧；D. warned警告。根据后文“I put my hand up to block the sunlight.(我
举起手挡住阳光)”可知，阳光刺眼，作者睁不开眼睛，故选B。
3．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：翻了几圈后，我们倒着着陆了。A. landed着陆；B. circled环绕；C.
drove驾驶；D. pulled拉。根据上文“After several rolls, we”指作者翻车最后头朝下着陆了。故选A。
4．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我所担心的，我的手机收不到信号。A. hesitated犹豫；B. feared
恐惧；C. agreed同意；D. doubted怀疑。根据后文“my cellphone couldn’t get asignal.”可知，由于位置偏远，所以和作者担心的一样担心的，手机收不到信号。故选B。
5．【C】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我痛苦地伸手把她抱起来，轻轻地把她从一扇破窗户里塞了出去。A.
actively活跃地；B. constantly持续地；C. gently温柔地；D. secretly秘密地。根据后文“put her through a
broken window”可知，玻璃碎了，所以动作轻。故选C。
6．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全力叫喊。A. courage勇气；B. wisdom智慧；C. patience耐心；
D. strength力量。根据上文““Help!” I shouted with all my”指作者用尽全力求救，故选D。
7．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：半小时后，救援人员赶到，把我紧急送往医院。A. called打电话；B.
arrived到达；C. formed形成；D. searched搜索。根据后文“and rushed me to the hospital”指救援人员赶到，
把作者紧急送往医院。故选B。
8．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有了她，我的痛苦就消失了。A. returned返回；B. spread传播；C.
froze冻结；D. disappeared消失。根据上文“She got right up next to me on the bed and snuggled close.(她在床
上紧挨着我，依偎在我身边)”指有了狗的陪伴，作者的痛苦也消失了。故选D。
9．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她变得焦虑起来，绕着圈子跑，好像她想告诉我什么！A. confused
困惑的；B. disappointed失望的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. bored厌倦的。根据后文“and ran in circles, like she
was trying to tell me something!”指狗非常焦虑，绕着圈子跑，故选C。
10．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Robin想他会把Honey带回我家，就在那时他听到了我的呼喊。A.
house房子；B. car汽车；C. hospital医院；D. office办公室。Honey是作者的狗，所以是带回作者家里。故
选A。
第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当 的单词，在给出提示
词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指 定区域作答。
A
The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population
decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and 11
(compete) from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, recently scientists 12 (identify) a
possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further 13 (prevent) the penguins
from finding food: noise pollution from marine ships in a bay.
【参考答案】
11．competition 12．have identified 13．prevents
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了非洲企鹅数量的下降的原因。
【详情解析】
11．【competition】考查名词。句意：主要原因是全球变暖对海洋环境的干扰和商业捕鱼业的竞争造成了
食物短缺。分析句子可知，提示词与名词disturbance是并列关系，作介词宾语，用名词competition，意为
“竞争”。故填competition。
12．【have identified】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可
能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，
identify(发现)是句中谓语动词，与主语scientists之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语recently，应使用现在完
成时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时主动语态，
复数形式。故填have identified。
13．【prevents】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可能的额
外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，
prevent(阻止)是定语从句中谓语动词，与关系代词that(即先行词one)之间是主动关系，陈述客观事实，用
一般现在时态，又因主语是单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时主动
语态，单数形式。故填prevents。
B
China plans to complete the construction of a space station and have it put into operation around 2022, said
Zhou Jianping, the chief designer of China’s manned space program, at a forum (论坛) 14 (hold) in
Guangdong Province. The space station was designed to weigh 100 tonnes and accommodate three astronauts. The
main goal of the construction of the space station 15 (be) to enable China to carry out long-term manned
scientific 16 (experiment) in near-Earth space. The space station will be built as China’s main platform
for space science research.
【参考答案】
14．held 15．is 16．experiments
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。中国计划在2022年左右完成空间站建设并投入运行。本文主要介绍了建空间站的
目标及用途。
【详情解析】
14．【held】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平在广东省举行的一次论坛上表示，中国计划在
2022年左右完成空间站建设并投入运行。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。中心词是
forum，根据本句的时态和意思可知，该论坛已经举办完了，所以用过去分词表被动完成。故填held。
15．【is】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：建设空间站的主要目标是使中国能够在近地空间进行长期
的载人科学实验。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。主语是The main goal，谓语动词用单数，并且这里是强
调客观事实，所以用一般现在时。故填is。
16．【experiments】考查名词的数。句意：建设空间站的主要目标是使中国能够在近地空间进行长期的载
人科学实验。scientific是形容词，修饰名词，并且experiment是可数名词，所以要用复数形式。故填
experiments。
C
The eastern Chinese city of Zibo 17 (emerge) as one of the country’s most popular tourist spots in
the past few months — thanks to its barbecue. Favored by so-called internet influencers, the city has gone viral on
Chinese social media platforms. 18 (video) on sites such as Xiaohongshu show thousands of people
traveling to the city to savor (品尝) local barbecue, 19 they say is wrapped in a pancake. When asked
20 attracts them most, travellers say the awesome food in chorus, though the restaurants were not stylishly
furnished.
【参考答案】
17．has emerged 18．Videos 19．which 20．what
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的几个月里，中国东部城市淄博因其烧烤而成为中国最受欢
迎的旅游景点之一。
【详情解析】
17．【has emerged】考查时态。句意：在过去的几个月里，中国东部城市淄博因其烧烤而成为中国最受欢
迎的旅游景点之一。根据后文“in the past few months”可知应用现在完成时，主语为The eastern Chinese
city of Zibo，助动词用has。故填has emerged。
18．【Videos】考查名词的数。句意：小红书等网站上的视频显示，成千上万的人前往这座城市品尝当地
的烧烤，他们说这些烧烤是用煎饼包裹的。根据后文show为动词原形，可知应用复数形式，首字母大写。
故填Videos。
19．【which】考查定语从句。句意：小红书等网站上的视频显示，成千上万的人前往这座城市品尝当地
的烧烤，他们说这些烧烤是用煎饼包裹的。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词local barbecue，在从句中作主语，
指物，故填which。20．【what】考查宾语从句。句意：当被问及最吸引他们的是什么时，游客们异口同声地说是美味的食物，
尽管餐厅的陈设并不时髦。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what。故填what。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节， 38 分)
第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项
涂黑。
A
While any work environment provides opportunities to make friends, some jobs are more social than others.
A Coffee Shop
Thanks to Starbucks, coffee shops have never been more plentiful. Coffee places are great for opportunities to
meet people because there are usually a variety of people coming in and out through the day. You can chat with
customers and coworkers alike.
The casual environment encourages conversation and the flexible schedule allows you to work there even if
you have a full-time job already.
A Book Store
Book lovers are great friends to have. They’re often misunderstood as being “not social,” but they just interact
with people in a different way. Bookstores are perfect for finding passionate friends and connecting you with other
folks who enjoy reading and intellectual pursuits.
Hospitality Jobs
Jobs like bartenders, restaurant workers, and wait staff usually have flexible hours and attract a variety of
people. For some, it’s their full-time career. For others, they’re working for extra money or because they’re
involved with another life goal (like college) and need the flexibility.
This type of diversity is a good environment to make friends in and as a bonus, you’ll see many different
people coming through as customers as well.
Retail Sales
Stores and businesses are busy and have a wide variety of people coming in and out. This is the perfect
environment to meet a few new folks.
Many retail employees bond quickly with their coworkers because the jobs can be challenging and stressful at
times, so they lean on each other, share stories, and find ways to relax and blow off steam outside of work. All of
these are good for making friendships that will last.21．Which of the following helps connect people thirsty for knowledge?
A．A Coffee Shop B．A Book Store C．Hospitality Jobs D．Retail Sales
22．What can college students needing extra money choose to work as?
A．Grocers. B．Librarians. C．Retailers. D．Waiters.
23．What do all the jobs have in common?
A．They are stressful. B．They offer high salaries.
C．They enhance social skills. D．They require rich experience.
【参考答案】
21．B 22．D 23．C
【语篇解读】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种可以提高社交技能的工作。
【详情解析】
21．【B】细节理解题。根据A Book Store部分中“Bookstores are perfect for finding passionate friends and
connecting you with other folks who enjoy reading and intellectual pursuits.(书店是找到充满激情的朋友的绝佳
场所，还能把你和其他喜欢阅读和追求知识的人联系起来)”可知，A Book Store有助于将渴望知识的人们联
系起来。故选B。
22．【D】细节理解题。根据Hospitality Jobs部分中“Jobs like bartenders, restaurant workers, and wait staff
usually have flexible hours and attract a variety of people. For some, it’s their full-time career. For others, they’re
working for extra money or because they’re involved with another life goal (like college) and need the flexibility.
(像调酒师、餐厅工作人员和服务员这样的工作通常有灵活的工作时间，吸引各种各样的人。对一些人来说，
这是他们的全职工作。对另一些人来说，他们工作是为了额外的钱，或者是因为他们有另一个生活目标
（比如上大学），需要灵活性)”可知，需要额外收入的大学生可以选择做服务员。故选D。
23．【C】细节理解题。根据第一段“While any work environment provides opportunities to make friends,
some jobs are more social than others.(虽然任何工作环境都提供了结交朋友的机会，但有些工作比其他工作
更具社交性)”及下文可知，文章主要介绍了四种可以提高社交技能的工作。由此可知，这些工作的共同之
处是提高社交技能。故选C。
B
The student arrived early, sat front and center, and stood out in my classroom in more ways than one. I’d saythat he was about 40 years older than his classmates in my undergraduate communications class. He eagerly
jumped into class discussions, with his humor and wisdom of experience. And he was always respectful of the other
students’ perspectives, as if each of them were a teacher. Jerry Valencia walked in with a smile—and he left with
one too.
“These students gave me the confidence that I didn’t need to feel bad about my age,” Valencia says.
One day, I spotted Valencia on campus. He said he would have to stop taking classes that semester and reapply
for next year. By then, he hoped to have earned enough money and have his student-loan papers in order. He asked
seriously whether he could still sit in on my communications class.
Sure, I said. But he wouldn’t get any credit.
No problem, he said.
Soon there he was again, back at his old desk, jumping into our discussions on how to find and tell stories in
Los Angeles—a 63-year-old man with as much energy and curiosity as any of the youngsters in class.
A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the
homework. “Here he is, willingly taking a class for the delight of it and benefit of learning,”says Jessica Espinosa, a
25-year-old junior. Afterward, I overheard Valencia wanted to stay in school until he earned a master’s degree, but
it had taken him 12 years to finish community college, so he had a long way to go.
There is something splendidly unreasonable about Valencia’s determination to get a four-year degree and then
a master’s. At his current pace, he’ll be 90 when he finally hangs all that paper on the wall. But that doesn’t seem
especially relevant. He’s found all the youthful energy and academic opportunity stimulating. Valencia’s grade in
my class this semester will not show up on his transcripts(成绩单). But I’m giving him an A—and in the most
important ways, it counts.
24．What made Valencia different from his classmates?
A．He was respectful to the teacher. B．He activated the class atmosphere.
C．He was eager to learn despite his age. D．He often put forward different opinions.
25．According to the author, why did Valencia continue to attend classes?
A．He treasured the chance of learning. B．He wished to show his determination.
C．He needed the credits to further his study. D．He desired to have an A on his transcripts.
26．Which of the following best describes Valencia?
A．Modest and independent. B．Energetic and generous.
C．Enthusiastic and motivated. D．Considerate and intelligent.27．What can we learn from the passage?
A．No pains, no gains. B．It is never too old to learn.
C．Strike the iron while it is hot. D．Where there is life, there is hope.
【参考答案】
24．C 25．A 26．C 27．B
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一个关于“活到老，学到老”的故事。杰里·瓦伦西亚是一个63岁的
大三学生，尽管年龄很大，但他对学习仍然充满热情。在课堂上，他会积极参加讨论，尊重其他同学的观
点，很多学生对他的精神充满了敬佩。他并没有足够的钱去支付学费但他仍不放弃，通过工作赚钱，坚持
继续完成学业，还要继续读研。
【详情解析】
24．【C】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The student arrived early, sat front and center, and stood out in my
classroom in more ways than one. I’d say that he was about 40 years older than his classmates in my undergraduate
communications class. (这个学生很早就到了，坐在前排和中间，在我的教室里，他在很多方面都很突出。
我得说，他比我本科传播学班上的同学大40岁左右。)”、第三段“He said he would have to stop taking
classes that semester and reapply for next year. By then, he hoped to have earned enough money and have his
student-loan papers in order. He asked seriously whether he could still sit in on my communications class. (他说他
那学期将不得不停止上课，并重新申请明年的课程。到那时，他希望能赚到足够的钱，并把学生贷款文件
办妥。他严肃地问我是否还能旁听我的交际课。)”、第六段“Soon there he was again, back at his old desk,
jumping into our discussions on how to find and tell stories in Los Angeles—a 63-year-old man with as much
energy and curiosity as any of the youngsters in class. (很快，他又回来了，回到他的旧桌子旁，加入到我们关
于如何在洛杉矶寻找和讲述故事的讨论中——一个63岁的男人，和班上任何一个年轻人一样充满活力和好
奇心。)”、第七段“A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but
was still doing the homework. (瓦伦西亚的很多同学显然知道他付不起那学期的学费，但他仍然在做作业。)”
和“Afterward, I overheard Valencia wanted to stay in school until he earned a master’s degree, but it had taken
him 12 years to finish community college, so he had a long way to go. (后来，我无意中听到瓦伦西亚想留在学
校直到获得硕士学位，但他花了12年时间才完成社区大学学业，所以他还有很长的路要走。)”可知，瓦伦
西亚与他的同学的不同之处在于：尽管他年纪大了，但他渴望学习。故选C。
25．【A】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t
afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework. “Here he is, willingly taking a class for the delight
of it and benefit of learning,” says Jessica Espinosa, a 25-year-old junior.(瓦伦西亚的许多同学显然知道他付不起那学期的学费，但他仍在做作业。25岁的大三学生杰西卡·埃斯皮
诺萨说：“他来了，为了学习的乐趣和益处，他很乐意去上课。”)”可知，瓦伦西亚继续上课是因为他得
到了学习的乐趣，珍惜学习的机会。故选A。
26．【C】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He eagerly jumped into class discussions, with his humor and
wisdom of experience. (他以他的幽默和经验智慧，热情地参加了课堂讨论。)”可知，瓦伦西亚很热情；由倒
数第二段中的“A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was
still doing the homework. “Here he is, willingly taking a class for the delight of it and benefit of learning,” says
Jessica Espinosa, a 25-year-old junior. (瓦伦西亚的许多同学显然知道他付不起那学期的学费，但他仍在做作
业。25岁的大三学生杰西卡·埃斯皮诺萨说：“他来了，为了学习的乐趣和益处，他很乐意去上课。”)”可
知，63岁交不起学费的瓦伦西亚，为了学习的乐趣仍继续上课，说明他很上进；他是一个热情、上进的人。
故选C。
27．【B】主旨大意题。通读全文，本文讲述了一个关于“活到老，学到老”的故事。杰里·瓦伦西亚是一
个63岁的大三学生，尽管年龄很大，但他对学习仍然充满热情。在课堂上，他会积极参加讨论，尊重其他
同学的观点，很多学生对他的精神充满了敬佩。他没有足够的钱去支付学费但他仍不放弃，通过工作赚钱，
坚持继续完成学业，还要继续读研。可得出这篇文章主要告诉我们“It is never too old to learn. (活到老，学
到老。)”的道理。故选B。
C
Delivering life-saving drugs directly to the brain in a safe and effective way is a challenge for medical
providers. One key reason: the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from tissue-specific drug delivery.
Methods such as an injection or a pill aren’t as precise or immediate as doctors might prefer, and ensuring delivery
right to the brain often requires invasive, risky techniques.
A team of engineers from Washington University in St. Louis has developed a new nano-particle generation-
delivery method that could someday vastly improve drug delivery to the brain, making it as simple as a sniff.
“This would be a nano-particle nasal spray, and the delivery system could allow medicine to reach the brain
within 30 minutes to one hour,” said Ramesh Raliya, research scientist at the School of Engineering & Applied
Science.
“The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from foreign substances in the blood that may injure the brain,”
Raliya said. “ But when we need to deliver something there, getting through that barrier is difficult and invasive.
Our non-invasive technique can deliver drugs via nano-particles, so there’s less risk and better response times.”
The novel approach is based on aerosol science and engineering principles that allow the generation of mono-
disperse nano-particles, which can deposit on upper regions of the nasal cavity via spread. The nano-particles were
tagged with markers, allowing the researchers to track their movement.
Next, researchers exposed locusts’ antenna to the aerosol, and observed the nano-particles travel from the
antennas up through the olfactory nerve, which is used to sense the smell. Due to their tiny size, the nano-particlespassed through the brain-blood barrier, reaching the brain and spreading all over it in a matter of minutes.
The team tested the concept in locusts because the blood-brain barriers in the insects and humans have
similarities. “The shortest and possibly the easiest path to the brain is through your nose,” said Barani Raman,
associate professor of biomedical engineering. “Your nose, the olfactory bulb and then olfactory cortex: two steps
and you’ve reached the cortex.”
To determine whether or not the foreign nano-particles disrupted normal brain function, Saha examined the
physiology response of olfactory neurons in the locusts before and after the nano-particle delivery and found no
noticeable change in the electro-physiological responses was detected.
This is only a beginning of a set of studies that can be performed to make nano-particle-based drug delivery
approaches more principled, Raman said. The next phase of research involves fusing the gold nano-particles with
various medicines, and using ultrasound to target a more precise dose to specific areas of the brain, which would be
especially beneficial in brain-tumor cases.
28．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A novel method of drug delivery. B．A challenge facing medical staff.
C．A new medicine treating brain disease. D．A technique to improve doctor’s ability.
29．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Doctors prefer using methods like an injection to treat diseases.
B．Locusts were tagged with markers to track their movement.
C．The blood-brain barrier lowers the effectiveness of a pill.
D．The medicine could reach the brain within half an hour.
30．The researchers focused their study on locusts because .
A．human and locusts have similar structures that protect brain from foreign substances
B．the delivery process consists of the olfactory bulb and the olfactory cortex
C．locusts have changeable electrophysiological responses to nanoparticles
D．the shortest and possibly the safest path to the brain is through human’s noses
【参考答案】
28．A 29．C 30．A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员研发了一种新的风险低、反应快的纳米粒子生成输送方法，
通过纳米颗粒向大脑输送药物，改善药物的疗效。
【详情解析】
28．【A】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员研发了一种新的风险低、反应快的纳米
粒子生成输送方法，通过纳米颗粒向大脑输送药物，改善药物的疗效。因此，A项“一种新的药物输送方
法”符合文章大意。故选A项。
29．【C】细节理解题。根据第一段中“One key reason: the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from
tissue-specific drug delivery. Methods such as an injection or a pill aren’t as precise or immediate as doctors might
prefer, and ensuring delivery right to the brain often requires invasive, risky techniques.（一个关键原因是血脑屏
障，它保护大脑不受组织特异性药物输送的影响。注射或服用药片等方法并不像医生所希望的那样精确或
即时，确保将药物正确输送到大脑往往需要侵入性的、有风险的技术。）”可知，血脑屏障保护大脑不受
组织特异性药物输送的影响，会影响药片的精确性和及时性，降低其有效性。故选C项。
30．【A】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“The team tested the concept in locusts because the blood-brain
barriers in the insects and humans have similarities.（该团队在蝗虫身上测试了这一概念，因为这种昆虫和人
类的血脑屏障有相似之处。）”可知，研究人员将研究重点放在蝗虫身上是因为人类和蝗虫的血脑屏障相
似，即有相似的结构来保护大脑免受外来物质的侵害。故选A项。
D
What is self-discipline? It’s the ability to make yourself do something, especially something difficult or
unpleasant. When some people hear self-discipline, they think it’s boring. Before I get into my thoughts on the
topic, I want to tell you a story.
On a hot sunny day, a bee named Bertha is buzzing by her hive with some other bees. Suddenly a bear starts to
approach her hive. In an attempt to save her hive, Bertha stings (蜇) the bear. But its skin is so thick that once she
tries to pull her sting out, she hurts herself and dies. Bertha has no choice. Through years of evolution (进化), she is
evolved to sting threats, which is her born ability. She lacks thinking consciousness.
Bees are prisoners of their own biology. Unlike bees, humans have the ability to override (推翻) their biology
through self-discipline. Let’s say that someone has long-term desires to create a meaningful career and have a
healthy body. Along each step of that journey they are attracted by short-term pleasures, such as junk food or video
games. Deep down they really want the life that comes in the long term. Yet they keep submitting to short-term
pleasures. The only difference between these two positions is self-discipline. It gives us the freedom to achieve
what we truly want in life and allows us to break free of the cages around us.
Video games imitate the environments similar to the ones that our ancestors navigated in the past, but have
supernormal versions of them. We can get greater feelings of accomplishment in video games with a lot less work.Companies are aware that the constant achievements on the screen will motivate players to keep playing. So
not only are we controlled by our own biology, but we are being targeted by corporation’s seeking to take
advantage of us and make a profit.
On the plus side, you and I are not like the bee, because we are not eased by our own biology. With self-
discipline, we can live the life we truly want.
31．Why does the bee die?
A．The bee takes the bear too lightly.
B．The bee’s natural ability ruins it.
C．The bee doesn’t respond to the sudden attack of the bear.
D．The bee doesn’t make a correct judgment on the situation.
32．What’s the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The factors affecting self-discipline.
B．Self-discipline makes our dreams come true.
C．The process of self-discipline coming into being.
D．Long-term desires play an important role in self-discipline.
33．Why video games are so attractive?
A．Players can get something for nothing.
B．Profits motivate players to keep playing.
C．Players can get a great sense of achievement in video games.
D．The environment in the video games is more mysterious than that in real life.
34．What can be suitable title for the text?
A．Stay away from Video Games B．How to Be a Self-disciplined Person
C．The More Disciplined, the More Freedom D．Animals: Prisoners of Their Own Biology
【参考答案】
31．B 32．B 33．C 34．C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了自律的意义和重要性，以及人类和动物在这方面的区别。通过一
个蜜蜂的故事，文章介绍了蜜蜂由于进化原因只能依赖本能行动，而人类则可以通过自律能力来掌控自己
的行为。人类常常受到短期快乐的诱惑，自律则可以帮助我们实现长期目标，并让我们摆脱那些控制我们
的环境和诱惑。最后，文章指出自律能力可以让我们生活得更自由和更有意义。
【详情解析】
31．【B】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Bertha has no choice. Through years of evolution (进化), she is
evolved to sting threats, which is her born ability. She lacks thinking consciousness. (伯莎别无选择。经过多年的
进化，她进化到刺痛威胁，这是她与生俱来的能力。她缺乏思考意识。)”可知蜜蜂出于进化的原因，天性
使然，只能依赖天生的本能行动去保护自己的家园，所以蜜蜂死亡跟其天生的施救方法有关。故选B项。
32．【B】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Let’s say that someone has long-term desires to create a meaningful
career and have a healthy body. Along each step of that journey they are attracted by short-term pleasures, such as
junk food or video games. Deep down they really want the life that comes in the long term. Yet they keep
submitting to short-term pleasures. The only difference between these two positions is self-discipline. It gives us
the freedom to achieve what we truly want in life and allows us to break free of the cages around us. (假设某人长
期渴望创造有意义的职业并拥有健康的身体。在旅程的每一步，他们都被短期的乐趣所吸引，比如垃圾食
品或电子游戏。在内心深处，他们真的想要长期的生活。然而，他们仍然屈服于短期的快乐。这两种立场
之间的唯一区别是自律。它让我们自由地实现生活中真正想要的东西，并让我们摆脱周围的牢笼。)”可知
本段主要阐述如果有远大的理想和长期的规划，人们需要通过自律纠正他们的行为以真正地达到他们的目
标和长期计划。故选B项。
33．【C】细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Video games imitate the environments similar to the ones that our
ancestors navigated in the past, but have supernormal versions of them. We can get greater feelings of
accomplishment in video games with a lot less work. Companies are aware that the constant achievements on the
screen will motivate players to keep playing. (电子游戏模仿类似于我们祖先过去导航的环境，但具有超常版
本。我们可以用更少的工作在视频游戏中获得更大的成就感。公司意识到，屏幕上不断的成就将激励玩家
继续玩。)”可知，电子游戏之所以如此吸引人，是因为游戏可以模拟类似于人类祖先曾经寻找的环境，但
有着超自然的版本。在游戏中能够在较低的工作量下获得更大的成就感。故选C项。
34．【C】主旨大意题。文中的主旨是讲述自律的意义和重要性，说明人类和动物之间的区别，以及自律
如何使我们在生活中实现自由和意义的价值。C选项“The More Disciplined, the More Freedom(越自律，越
自由)”恰好概括了文章的主题。故选C项。
第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选
项中有两项为多余选项。If you have ever had trouble persuading yourself to do things you should do or would like to do, you have
experienced procrastination. If you are a typical procrastinator, perhaps you spend an excessive amount of time
watching TV, playing video games checking Facebook eating (even when you’re not hungry), obsessively cleaning
or pacing back and forth through the office. 35 Once again, you end up doing nothing. Sound familiar?
Lazy people don’t do anything and are just fine with it. 36 . They truly want to fulfil their obligations
but just can’t figure out how.
37 . Relaxing recharges you with energy. In contrast, procrastinating drains it from you. The less
energy you have, the greater the chances of you putting off your responsibilities, and, once more, you will
accomplish nothing.
The studies on procrastination ever conducted indicates that failure of the ability to listen to ourselves is most
likely the main reason why we put things off. The scientific name of this ability is self-regulation. Self-regulation is
the ability to consciously control your emotions. 38 Thanks to this, you will procrastinate less. Current
research indicates that willpower can be compared to a muscle. It is possible to strengthen it through training.
To overcome procrastination, you need to start by setting the bar as low as possible. Creating habits isn’t about
quantity; it’s about small steps and regular repetition. By making gradual increases once you learn a new habit, you
can strengthen your willpower muscle. As you slowly raise the bar, your willpower will gain strength. 39
.
A．Don’t confuse procrastination with relaxation, either.
B．The more powerful it is the easier it will be for you to make a breakthrough.
C．Afterwards, you feel powerless and are overcome with feelings of guilt and frustration.
D．If you train willpower to perform one activity, you can use its strength to do other things as well.
E．Procrastinators, however, have the desire to actually do something but can’t force themselves to start.
F．Learning how to develop good habits and kick bad ones can be achieved by taking small steps.
G．The more developed this ability is, the more often you will do what you tell yourself to do and the better
you will resist temptation.
【参考答案】
35．C 36．E 37．A 38．G 39．B
【语篇解读】
本文是说明文。介绍了拖延症的症状，和产生原因是和自我调节能力有关，以及解决办法。
【详情解析】35．【C】根据前文“If you are a typical procrastinator, perhaps you spend an excessive amount of time
watching TV, playing video games checking Facebook eating (even when you’re not hungry), obsessively cleaning
or pacing back and forth through the office.(如果你是一个典型的拖延症患者，也许你花了太多的时间看电视、
玩电子游戏、上Facebook、吃东西(即使你不饿)、强迫性地打扫卫生或在办公室里来回踱步)”可知，空处
应是这么做的后果，所以C项“Afterwards, you feel powerless and are overcome with feelings of guilt and
frustration.(之后，你感到无能为力，并被内疚和挫败感所征服)”符合文意。故选C项。
36．【E】根据前文“Lazy people don’t do anything and are just fine with it.(懒惰的人什么都不做，而且觉得
很好)”以及后文“They truly want to fulfil their obligations but just can’t figure out how.(他们真的很想履行自己
的义务，只是不知道该怎么做)”可知，空处应是过渡句，由讲述懒惰的人到有拖延症的人，并指出二者的
区别，所以E项“Procrastinators, however, have the desire to actually do something but can’t force themselves to
start.(然而，拖延者有真正想做某事的愿望，但不能强迫自己开始)”符合文意。故先E项。
37．【A】分析设空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Relaxing recharges you with energy. In
contrast, procrastinating drains it from you. The less energy you have, the greater the chances of you putting off
your responsibilities, and, once more, you will accomplish nothing.(放松能让你重新充满能量。相反，拖延症会
耗尽你的精力。你的精力越少，你就越有可能拖延你的责任，然后，再一次，你将一事无成)”可知，本段
是讲放松和拖延症的区别，所以A项“Don’t confuse procrastination with relaxation, either.(也不要把拖延和
放松混为一谈)”符合文意。故选A项。
38．【G】根据前文“The studies on procrastination ever conducted indicates that failure of the ability to listen to
ourselves is most likely the main reason why we put things off. The scientific name of this ability is self-regulation.
Self-regulation is the ability to consciously control your emotions.(关于拖延症的研究表明，无法倾听自己的能
力很可能是我们做事拖延的主要原因。这种能力的学名是自我调节。自我调节是有意识地控制自己情绪的
能力)”可知，本段是在讲述自我调节能力差是我们做事拖延的主要原因，所以G项“The more developed
this ability is, the more often you will do what you tell yourself to do and the better you will resist temptation.(这种
能力越强，你就会越经常地去做你告诉自己要做的事情，你就能更好地抵制诱惑)”是对自我调节能力的进
一步描述，符合本段主题。故选G项。
39．【B】分析设空，空处位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“To overcome procrastination, you need to
start by setting the bar as low as possible. Creating habits isn’t about quantity; it’s about small steps and regular
repetition. By making gradual increases once you learn a new habit, you can strengthen your willpower muscle. As
you slowly raise the bar, your willpower will gain strength.(为了克服拖延症，你需要从设定尽可能低的标准开
始。养成习惯与数量无关；这是关于小步骤和定期重复。一旦你学会了一个新习惯，通过逐渐增加，你可
以增强你的意志力。当你慢慢提高杆时，你的意志力就会增强)”可知，B项“The more powerful it is the
easier it will be for you to make a breakthrough.(它越强大，你就越容易取得突破)”符合文意，是对前文的总结，
it代
指前文的意志力。故选B项。第三部分 书面表达(共两节， 32 分)
第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Ghanim Al-Muftah, 2022 Qatar World Cup Ambassador(大使), was born on May 5, 2002, with a rare
condition known as Caudal Regression Syndrome, which causes its patients to be born without the lower half of the
body.
Naturally, one would expect him to use a wheelchair, but he insists on moving around on his hands because he
believes that he should make use of everything with which he is blessed rather than focus on what he doesn’t have.
While Ghanim was growing up, he found it difficult to attend school initially because his classmates played
jokes on him. Nevertheless, his mom encouraged him to speak to these classmates, teach them about his condition,
and raise awareness for the community. Ghanim has gone further at accepting his condition.
Ghanim has overcome all kinds of difficulties in his life, yet, there is still one issue Ghanim must continually
deal with-many medical treatments and surgery. Despite these routine medical treatments, he knows that with faith,
commitment and hard work he will be free to accomplish his ambitions. Ghanim refused to let his condition stop
his thirst for life and took on various sports-tackling everything from scuba diving, rock climbing to skateboarding.
It is this exemplary take and attitudes towards life that have earned him the love, respect, and admiration of
millions of people in Qatar and across the globe.
Currently in university studying political science, Al Muftah hopes to become a diplomat one day. He is also a
major social media star, with millions of followers on social media. And he spoke about his future ambitions on the
university’s website, saying, “I hope to help raise public awareness on disability rights; foster respect for disabled
persons and through the process promote more inclusive and tolerant societies.”
40．Why does Ghanim insist on walking with his hands instead of using a wheelchair?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
41．What problem does Ghanim have to handle continually?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions through taking on a range of sports and speaking out on
social media._______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
43．While Ghanim has earned respect of people across the globe, how do you earn respect of people around you?
(In about 40 words)____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
40．Because he believes that he should make use of what he is blessed with instead of what he lacks.
41．Many medical treatments and surgery.
42．Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions through taking on a range of sports and speaking out on
social media. Because Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions with faith, commitment and hard work./
Ghanim knows that with faith, commitment and hard work he will be free to accomplish his ambitions. 43．
Honest with others, never telling lies , knowing how to care for others and be modest to others are important. As
long as we abide by the above mentioned, we will find it easy to be respected by others.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是2022年卡塔尔世界杯形象大使Ghanim Al-Muftah的个人故事。
【详情解析】
40．考查细节理解题。根据第二段中“Naturally, one would expect him to use a wheelchair, but he insists on
moving around on his hands because he believes that he should make use of everything with which he is blessed
rather than focus on what he doesn’t have.(自然地，人们会认为他使用轮椅，但他坚持用手走动，因为他认为
他应该利用他有幸拥有的一切，而不是专注于他没有的东西。)”可知，他之所以坚持用手走动，是因为他
认为他应该利用他所拥有的一切，而不是专注于他没有的东西。故答案为Because he believes that he should
make use of what he is blessed with instead of what he lacks。
41．考查细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ghanim has overcome all kinds of difficulties in his life, yet, there is still
one issue Ghanim must continually deal with-many medical treatments and surgery. (Ghanim已经克服了生活中
的各种困难，但仍有一个问题是Ghanim必须不断面对的——多次治疗和手术。)”可知，Ghanim必须不断
面对多次的治疗和手术。故答案为Many medical treatments and surgery。
42．考查细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Despite these routine medical treatments, he knows that with faith,
commitment and hard work he will be free to accomplish his ambitions. (尽管有这些常规的医疗治疗，他知道只
要有信念、承诺和努力工作，他就可以自由地实现他的雄心壮志。)”可知，题干中“Ghanim believes he
will accomplish his ambitions through taking on a range of sports and speaking out on social media.( Ghanim相信，
他将通过参与一系列运动并在社交媒体上发表言论来实现自己的雄心。)”中的“他将通过参与一系列运动
并在社交媒体上发表言论来实现自己的雄心”为错误部分，他认为只要有信念、承诺和努力工作，他就可
以自由地实现他的雄心壮志。原文要求对错误句子进行下划线标注，故答案为Ghanim believes he will
accomplish his ambitions through taking on a range of sports and speaking out on social media. Because Ghanim
believes he willaccomplish his ambitions with faith, commitment and hard work. / Ghanim knows that with faith, commitment
and hard work he will be free to accomplish his ambitions。
43．开放式题目考查。根据题干要求“While Ghanim has earned respect of people across the globe, how do you
earn respect of people around you?( Ghanim赢得了全世界人民的尊重，你如何赢得周围人的尊重呢？)”可知，
题干根据实际要求回答如何赢得周围人的尊敬，回答合理即可。在日常生活中，获得他人尊重需要做到诚
实、谦虚和体贴他人。故参考答案为：Honest with others, never telling lies , knowing how to care for others
and be modest to others are important. As long as we abide by the above mentioned, we will find it easy to be
respected by others。
第二节(20 分)
假设你是红星中学高三“传统文化社”社长李华。你校国际部留学生Jim邀请你参加他们组织的
“China Day”活动并做展示。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 接受邀请并表示感谢；
2. 你展示的内容及理由。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考答案】
Dear Jim,
I’m writing with great honor to accept your invitation to your “China Day” event. Thank you so much for
offering me this precious opportunity to be part of it.I’m thinking of presenting Chinese calligraphy. I will introduce and demonstrate the basic techniques of
calligraphy, after which I would ask some audience to try writing some characters.
I choose this topic because it is a unique way to appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters and understand
the essence of Chinese culture. Moreover, I think only when the audience get involved can they truly understand
the beauty of Chinese culture.
How do you like this idea? Tell me if you would like me to change. Best wishes to the event.
Yours,
Li Hua
【语篇解读】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学高三“传统文化社”社长李华。你校国际部留学生Jim
邀请你参加他们组织的“China Day”活动并做展示。请考生用英语给他写一封电子邮件。
【详情解析】
1.词汇积累
机会：opportunity→chance
考虑：think of→think about
理解：understand→make sense of
想要：would like→want
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Thank you so much for offering me this precious opportunity to be part of it.
拓展句：Thank you so much because you can offer me this precious opportunity to be part of it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I will introduce and demonstrate the basic techniques of calligraphy, after which I would
ask some audience to try writing some characters.（运用了“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Moreover, I think only when the audience get involved can they truly understand the beauty of
Chinese culture.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句和部分倒装）公众号：高中试卷君
