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必修 Book 1 Unit 5 Languages Around the World
A 卷·基础知识通关练
一、词汇与短语
I. 重点词汇默写
1. native adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人
2. attitude n. 态度；看法
3. despite prep.即使；尽管
4. factor n. 因素；要素
5. means n. 方式；方法；途径
6. character n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
7. classic adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n. 经典作品；名著
8. affair n. 公共事务；事件；关系
9. dialect n. 地方话；方言
10. struggle n．&vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗
11. gap n. 间隔；开口；差距
12. tongue n. 舌头；语言
13. vocabulary n. 词汇
14. apartment n. 公寓套房
15. billion n. 十亿
16. bone n. 骨头；骨 ( 质 )
17. carve vt. & vi. 雕刻
18. shell n. 壳；壳状物
19. dynasty n. 王朝；朝代
20. calligraphy n. 书法；书法艺术
21. semester n. 学期
22. gas n. 汽油；气体；燃气
23. petrol n. 汽油
24. subway n. 地铁
25. pants n．[pl.] 内裤；短裤；裤子
II.拓展词汇变形
1. system n．体系；制度；系统→systematic adj. 系统的→systematically adv.系统地2. refer vi. 提到；参考；查阅vt. 查询；叫……求助于→reference n. 参考
3. base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据→based adj. 以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部
分(或特征)的→basic adj. 基本的；基础的
4. variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→vary vi. 不同； 变化→various adj. 不同的；各种各样
的
5. appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值→appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；领会；重视
6. regard n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把……视为；看待→regarding prep. 关于
7. global adj. 全球的；全世界的→globally adv.全球地；全世界地
8. specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的→specifically adv. 特定地；明确地；具体地
9. major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究→majority n. 多数；大
多数
10. relate vt. 联系；讲述→related adj. 相关的；有联系的→relation n. 关系；联系
11. symbol n. 符号；象征→ symbolic adj. 象征的；象征性的→symbolize vt. 象征；是……的象征
12. civilisation n. 文明；文明世界→civilised adj. 文明的
13. equal n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的→ adv. 相同地；同样地→equality n. 平等
14. demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问→demanding adj. 要求高的；苛求的
15. description n. 描写(文字)；形容→describe vt. 描述；描写
16. relate vt. 联系；讲述→related adj. 相关的；有联系的→relation n. 关系；联系
III.核心短语互译
1. attitude towards/to 对……的态度
2. refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
3. pay attention to 注意
4. date back (to...) 追溯到
5. ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
6. be known for 因……著名
7. be seen/regarded as 被看作
8. be of great importance 至关重要
9. play a great role in 在……中起重要作用
10. lead to 导致
11. point of view 观点；看法
12. get used to 适应；习惯于
13. relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
14. give up 放弃
15. have trouble with sth . 做某事有困难
16. depend on 取决于；依靠；依赖
17. match...with.. . 用……搭配……18. official language 官方语言
19. be connected with 与……有关
20. at the beginning 一开始
21. develop into 发展成为
22. global affairs 全球事务
23. no matter where, who, what, etc. 不论……；不管……
24. be considered to be 被认为是
25. be related to 与……有关
26. fall in love with 爱上
27. fight for 为……努力
28. fall silent 安静下来
29. can't help but do sth. 只得做某事
30. bridge the gap 缩小差距
31. keep sth. straight in one's mind 记清楚某事
32. give a description of sth.描述某物
IV. 根据汉语提示用本单元词汇的正确形式填空
My love for Chinese can ① date back to (追溯到) my childhood when I visited an exhibition about Chinese
(文明) and Chinese calligraphy. Since then I have been ③ in love with (爱上) Chinese. To ④appreciate (领会)
Chinese culture much better, I am now in China studying in Peking University and my ⑤major (专业) is Chinese
literature. ⑥ At the beginning of (在……的开始) the first semester, it was really a ⑦struggle (难事) for me to
understand what the ⑧native (本地的) speakers of Chinese said. However, I would ⑨ by no means (决不) give
up and ⑩regard (看待) it as a chance to explore the writing ⑪system (系统)．
⑫Despite (尽管) the fact that there are ⑬ varieties of (各种各样) dialects and ⑭symbols (符号) in
Chinese, I have been ⑮struggling (努力) to learn it. ⑯ No matter when (无论如何) I come across a new
character, I always ⑰ refer to (查阅) the dictionary. (无论哪里) I go, I try to communicate with the local
Chinese people and ⑲ relate to (谈到) them. Gradually, the harder I work, the larger my ⑳vocabulary (词汇) will
become and the more classic works I will be equal to reading.
From my ○ point of view (观点), though there may be some ○ ups and downs (浮沉) in learning a foreign
language, one needs to take a positive ○attitude (态度) to it. Besides, set a ○specific (明确的) aim and work
hard, and one day you will surely make it.
二、句式与篇章
I. 教材原句补全
1. There are many reasons why this has been possible , but one of the＇main factors has been the Chinese writingsystem.
其存续的原因有很多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。
2. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture
这一书写体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。
3. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in
writing.
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写（文字）进行交流。
4. The more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.
我对一门语言了解得越多，我的大脑就发育得越好。
5. Don't you like to have somebody tell you if the pants look good or not?
你不喜欢让别人告诉你这些短裤是否好看吗？
II. 单句语法填空
1. That year Johnson (refer) to the earthquake as the most powerful disaster in history.
答案与解析 referred 句中时间状语是That year，故谓语用一般过去时，填referred。refer to...as...“把……
称为……”。
2. They have made every effort to find out a (system) way to deal with the problem.
答案与解析 systematic 设空在句中做定语，修饰名词way，应用形容词，表“系统的”，填
systematic。
3. With (refer) to your advertisement, I'm writing to acquire some information.
答案与解析 reference 该处是固定短语with reference to “关于”。
4. The man you are referring to (be) a man with great determination and wisdom.
答案与解析 is 分析句子结构可知you are referring to是定语从句，修饰主语The man, 故设空在句中做谓
语，从句谓语是现在进行时，故主句谓语用一般现在时，填is。
5. Great attention must be paid to (stay) calm in an emergency.
答案与解析 staying pay attention to doing sth. “注意做某事”，to 是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。
6. There are a (vary)of books in the bookstore for us to choose from, like history books, science books, literary
books and so on.
答案与解析 variety 设空前是冠词a, 设空后是介词of, 故该空填vary的名词形式，构成短语a variety of
“各种各样的”。
7. I am pleased with your work. This card is to show my (appreciate) and respect.
答案与解析 appreciation 设空在句中做show的宾语，且设空前是形容词性物主代词my，填名词
appreciation。
8. I (specific) told you not to go near the water!
答案与解析 specifically 设空在句中做状语，修饰谓语told, 应用副词，表“明确地；具体地”，填
specifically。9. More attention should be paid to those (globe) events.
答案与解析 global 设空在句中做定语，修饰名词events, 应用形容词，填global。
10. Calligraphy (regard) as an art form, and I really enjoy it.
答案与解析 is regarded 主语Calligraphy与regard是被动关系，应用被动语态，且“书法被看作是一种
艺术形式”是客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态，填is regarded。
11. (base) on a true story, the book has caught much attention.
答案与解析 Based be based on “以……为根据”，在句中做状语，应用过去分词形式，填Based。
12. The ancient building (date) back to the Tang Dynasty is really amazing.
答案与解析 dating date back to “追溯到”，是不及物动词短语，在句中做定语，应用现在分词形式，填
dating。
13. In some countries, the color white (symbol) purity (纯洁)．
答案与解析 symbolises 设空在句中做谓语，应填动词，结合语境“白色象征纯洁”，主语为the color
white，故谓语用第三人称单数形式，填symbolises。
14. The outing seems to be impossible because the majority of the students (be) against it.
答案与解析 are 主句谓语是一般现在时，故because引导的从句也用一般现在时，“the majority of ＋名
词”做主语，谓语与名词的数一致，故填are。
15. Every possible means (try) so far, and we find only this means is it possible to
persuade him.
答案与解析 has been tried; by means 是单复数同形的名词，其前有every 修饰，谓语应用单数形式；句
中时间状语是so far，故谓语用现在完成时；主语means与try是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，
第一空填has been tried。第二空是固定短语by this means “用这种方式”。
16. Several (factor) have led to the disaster that happened in the small village.
答案与解析 factors 设空前是Several，故可数名词factor应用复数形式。
17. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be (equal) respected.
答案与解析 equally 设空在句中做状语，修饰动词respected，应用副词，填equally。
18. The scenery of the ancient town is really beyond (describe)．
答案与解析 description 设空在句中做介词beyond的宾语，应用名词，构成短语beyond description “无法
描述”。
19. The job is really (demand), but he manages to do it well.
答案与解析 demanding 设空在句中做表语，表“要求高的”，填形容词demanding。
20. She (struggle) to support a large family on her own last year.
答案与解析 struggled 句中时间状语是last year，故谓语用一般过去时，填struggled。
21. No matter where he goes, he will buy books which are (relate) to calligraphy.
答案与解析 related be related to “与……有关”。
22. I am not fond of pop music, because I often have trouble (understand) the words.
答案与解析 understanding have trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事有麻烦或困难”。
23. Our manager was very busy and didn't feel equal to (receive) visitors.答案与解析 receiving be equal to doing sth. “胜任做某事”，to是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词，故
填receiving。
24. The policeman demanded of us (tell) him everything about the accident.
答案与解析 to tell demand of sb. to do sth. “要求某人做某事”。
25. The closer you are, the (much) you will see.
答案与解析 more 设空所在句是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，表“越……越……”，故该处填
much的比较级more。
26. Do you mind (share) your points of view with me?
答案与解析 sharing mind doing sth. “介意做某事”。
27. I can't help but (finish) the book based on a true story.
答案与解析 finish can't help but do sth.“只得做某事”。
28. As you get older, your attitude death changes.
答案与解析 to/towards attitude to/towards “对……的态度”。
29. The survivor who lives in the shelter is a native Sichuan.
答案与解析 of a native of “……的本地人”。
30. The reason he found German so difficult is that its grammar is so confusing.
答案与解析 why 该句是定语从句，先行词是The reason, 指物，从句中缺少原因状语，应用关系副词
why引导定语从句。
31. His efforts have played important role in the success of the project.
答案与解析 an play an important role in “在……中起重要作用”。
32. Sign language is great importance to people who are deaf.
答案与解析 of be of great importance “至关重要”。
33. It was a time I could hardly understand what the native speakers said.
答案与解析 when 该句是定语从句，先行词是time，指时间，从句中缺少时间状语，应用关系副词
when引导定语从句。
34. In spite of ups downs, she never loses heart.
答案与解析 and ups and downs “盛衰沉浮”。
35. The teacher will put forward a variety of questions, depending your different answers.
答案与解析 on/upon depend on/upon “取决于”。
36. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate my students.
答案与解析 to 根据语境“我热爱技术并试图跟上技术的发展，以便我可以理解学生的想法”可知，此
处是动词短语relate to “理解；认同”，故填to。
III. 句式升级
1. 为了解快这个医疗问题，所有可能的方法都尝试了。
①Every possible means has been used to solve the medical problem.②All the possible means have been used to solve the medical problem.
2. 这本词典对中学生很有用。
①This dictionary is of great use to middle school students.(of+n.）
②This dictionary is very useful to middle school students.(useful)
3. 图书管理员要求他把从图书馆借的书还回来，
①The librarian demanded that he (should) return the books he had borrowed from the library.
②The librarian demanded of him to return the books he had borrowed from the library.
4. 在我看来，通过这些活动，你可以更好地了解春节。
①From my point of view，you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.(point)
② In my view/ opinion ，you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
(view/opinion)
③As far as I'm concerned，you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
(concerned)
5. The film is based on a true story,and it is very popular.
→Based on a true story，the film is very popular.
(分词短语作状语)
6. According to the expert,the building has a history which dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.
→According to the expert,the building has a history dating from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.·(分词短语作定
语)
IV. 课文缩写填空
The Chinese writing system is one of the (factor) that have helped the Chinese language and culture survive
despite many ups downs.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picturebased language, (date) back to the use of longgu—animal
bones and shells on symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols (become) a welldeveloped writing system. Over the years, the system
developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many (vary)
of dialects and characters. However, after Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified
country, the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great
(important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
means of written Chinese, Chinese people today are connected with those of the past. The Chinese writing
system is so important that Chinese calligraphy (regard) as an important part of Chinese culture.Today, as China
plays a greater role in (globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate
China's culture and history through Chinese.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案 1.factors 2.and 3.dating 4.which 5.had become 6.varieties 7.importance 8.By 9.is regarded
10.global
三、单元语法小练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. The reason for which she changed her mind is quite clear.
2. The days when they travelled together meant a lot to him.
3. The hotel in which we stayed was very clean.
4. The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.
5. Nobody knows the reason for which she didn't attend the meeting.
6. I'll never forget the time when we visited Xi'an.
7. I didn't get a pay rise, but this wasn't the reason why I left.
8. We visited the car factory where my uncle once worked three years ago.
9. This is the factory that/which I visited last year.
10. The train which/that has just left is for Shanghai.
Ⅱ.对比填空(每空一词)
1. ①This is the factory where the most expensive cars are made.
②Is this the factory that/which makes laptop computers?
2. ①The old couple will never forget the days when they had a summer camp in Australia.
②The volunteers will never forget the days that/which they spent together in Guangzhou.
3. ①Do you know the reason why he didn't vote for your party?
②Do you believe the reason that/which he gave for his spending so much money in a week?
4. ①There are two points that/which we must stick to.
②Their relationship has reached the point where they have to divorce.
5. ①Jinan is a city where there are many wellknown springs.
②Jinan is a city that/which is famous for its famous springs.
6. ①The girl lives in the house that/which is opposite ours.
②The girl lives in the house whose door is painted red.
③The girl lives in the house where she was born and brought up.
④The girl lives in the house of which the door is painted red.
Ⅲ.用适当的关系词补全下面的短文
I have a close friend is called Irene. I've known her for about 15 years now. We met at work—she was a
colleague of mine at the company I used to work, and we used to have our coffee breaks at the same time.
We get on very well although we don't have a lot in common—we have quite different interests. From 2010on, during time I changed jobs, we lost touch for a couple of years. But now we phone each other once a week,
and we see each other about twice a month. We have completely different tastes in films, and that's the only reason
we sometimes argue.
答案 that/who 2.where 3.which 4.why
