专题16完形埴空(10空和20空)（全国通用）（解析版）_高考真题分类汇编_高考英语真题分类汇编（新高考通用）五年（2021-2025）

专题 16 完形填空（10 空） 考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 考点1 人与自我类 2025北京卷---真正认可来自高尚行为； 1.主题以人与自我为主，兼顾人与社会。 完形填空 2024北京卷--扮演音乐剧主角的机会； 2.话题广泛，贴近学生，贴近生活。 （5年3考） 2022北京卷—男孩上学去晚被关门外。 3.熟词生义考查是完形填空备考难点和薄 考点2人与社会类 弱点，应加以重视，需要长期积累。 2023北京卷—老师帮助害羞女孩； 完形填空 4.完形填空侧重通过故事传递正能量，讴 2021北京卷—男子救下爬床男孩。 （5年2考） 歌真善美，弘扬社会主义核心价值观。 考点01 人与自我类完形填空 【2025北京卷】 阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。 At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed. The 1 to stand out consumed me, pushing me towards a regrettable decision. One day, during a class in the IT lab with my classmates, our teacher mentioned missing computer parts. 2 looks exchanged, everyone wondered how it could happen in a(n) 3 lab. “It’s possible to open that lock with another key,” I said. Instantly, eyes turned to me with newfound interest and curiosity. It was a rush I had never experienced before. Enjoying all the eyes on me, I 4 how to open the lock. Little did I realize that single moment would ruin everything. The following day, called to the headmaster’s office, I found myself accused of stealing the missing parts. “I didn’t do it, sir,” I argued, but suspicion 5 his eyes. His repeated 6 intensified, pushing me to the edge of fear and tears. In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure, I 7 confessed (承认). The headmaster asked my father to come to school, whose shaky faith in me brought a mix of relief and 8 . My father gently asked me if I understood the gravity of my actions. 9 , I confessed my misguided longing for recognition. In the headmaster’s office, my father listened attentively, and then spoke with quiet authority: “I trust my son. He is not a thief.” With my father’s support, I learned a valuable lesson: 1 cannot be forced; true recognition comes from honourable acts.1. A. promise B. competition C. desire D. hesitation 2. A. Curious B. Hopeful C. Distant D. Envious 3. A. expensive B. locked C. modern D. abandoned 4. A. discovered B. recommended C. demonstrated D. imagined 5. A. caught B. clouded C. hurt D. brightened 6. A. questioning B. reminding C. complaining D. requesting 7. A. warmly B. readily C. randomly D. falsely 8. A. pride B. patience C. shame D. surprise 9. A. Generously B. Tearfully C. Carelessly D. Strangely 10. A. tolerance B. gratitude C. sympathy D. attention 【答案】1. C2. A3. B4. C5. B6. A7. D8. C9. B10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了 15岁的作者为了引起关注分享开锁方法，却被怀疑偷电脑 零件，在校长逼问下作者被迫承认，最后父亲表示相信作者，作者也明白了真正的认可来自高尚行为的道 理。 1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：引起注意的欲望吞噬着我，促使我做出了一个令人遗憾的决定。A. promise 承诺；B. competition竞争；C. desire欲望；D. hesitation犹豫。根据前文“At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed.”可知，作者学业优秀却感觉不被关注，所以有引起注意的欲望。故选 C项。 2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大家交换着好奇的眼神，都想知道在一个锁着的实验室里怎么会发生这种 事。A. Curious 好奇的；B. Hopeful 有希望的；C. Distant 遥远的；D. Envious 嫉妒的。根据后文 “everyone wondered how it could happen”可知，大家对电脑零件丢失这件事感到好奇。故选A项。 3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大家交换着好奇的眼神，都想知道在一个锁着的实验室里怎么会发生这种 事。A. expensive昂贵的；B. locked锁着的；C. modern现代的；D. abandoned废弃的。根据后文“It’s possible to open that lock with another key”可知，实验室是锁着的。故选B项。 4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：享受着所有人的目光，我演示了如何开锁。A. discovered 发现；B. recommended推荐；C. demonstrated演示；D. imagined想象。根据前文作者的话“It’s possible to open that lock with another key”和“Instantly, eyes turned to me with newfound interest and curiosity.”可知，作 者知道如何用其它钥匙开锁，为了享受大家的关注，所以演示了开锁方法。故选C项。 5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我没做，先生，”我争辩道，但他的眼中充满了怀疑。A. caught抓住；B. clouded使模糊，笼罩，显得阴沉（或恐惧、愤怒等）；C. hurt伤害；D. brightened使明亮。根据前文“I found myself accused of stealing the missing parts.”可知，校长怀疑作者，怀疑的神色笼罩在他眼中，眼中 显示出怀疑的神色。故选B项。 6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他反复的询问加剧了，把我逼到了恐惧和流泪的边缘。A. questioning询问； B. reminding提醒；C. complaining抱怨；D. requesting请求。根据前文“His repeated”和后文“pushing me to the edge of fear and tears”可知，校长反复询问作者，让作者感到害怕。故选A项。 7.考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了摆脱不断增加的压力，我谎称自己有罪。A. warmly热情地；B. readily乐意地；C. randomly随机地；D. falsely错误地，不实地。根据前文“I didn’t do it, sir”可知，作者没偷东 西，结合“In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure”可知，作者为了摆脱压力，所以虚假地 承认。故选D项。 8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：校长请父亲来学校一趟，他对我不太坚定的信任让我既感到一丝宽慰，又觉 得羞愧难当。A. pride 骄傲；B. patience 耐心；C. shame 羞愧；D. surprise 惊讶。根据前文“In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure, I ___7____ confessed (承认).”和“The headmaster asked my father to come to school”可知，作者被迫承认偷了东西，现在校长请来了父亲。结合常识，父亲的到来 会带给处于困境中的作者一丝宽慰，但同时，作者也会因自己为了引起关注而犯下的错误感到羞愧。故选 C项。 9.考查副词词义辨析。句意：我泪流满面地承认了自己对认可的错误渴望。A. Generously慷慨地；B. Tearfully含泪地；C. Carelessly粗心地；D. Strangely奇怪地。根据前文“pushing me to the edge of fear and tears”和“In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure, I ___7___confessed (承认).”可知， 作者因为害怕和委屈流泪了，并被迫承认偷了东西。父亲来时，作者是含泪承认自己为了引起关注而犯下 的错误。故选B项。 10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了父亲的支持，我学到了宝贵的一课：关注不能强求；真正的认可来自高 尚的行为。A. tolerance容忍；B. gratitude感激；C. sympathy同情；D. attention关注。根据前文“At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed.”可知，作者一直渴望得到关注，所以这里说 关注不能强求。故选D项。 【2024北京卷】 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I’d just arrived at school, ready for another school day. I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an 1 . “Today at 1: 10 there will be auditions (面试) for a musical.” My friends all jumped up in excitement and asked me, “Will you be going, Amy?” “Sure,” I said. I had no 2 in drama, but I’d try out because my friends were doing it. At 1:10, there was a 3 outside the drama room. Everyone looked energetic. I hadn’t expected I’d be standing there that morning. But now that I was doing it, I 4 felt nervous. What if I wasn’t any good? I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical. They then 5 my singing skills and asked what role I wanted to play. The teachers were smiling and praising me. I felt like I had a 6 , so I said, “A big role.” They said they’d look into it. I started getting really nervous. What if I didn’t get a main role? Soon, the cast list was 7 . My friends checked and came back shouting, “Amy, you got the main role! ” Sure enough, my name was at the top. I just stared at it and started to 8 . I was so happy. After two months we were all prepared and ready to go on stage. It was fun. And when people started 9 , that gave me a boost of confidence. It stayed with me and made me feel 1 0 . I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun — even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone. 1. A. assignment B. initiative C. announcement D. interview 2. A. hesitancy B. interest C. worry D. regret3. A. game B. show C. play D. line 4. A. suddenly B. continuously C. originally D. generally 5. A. advertised B. tested C. challenged D. polished 6. A. demand B. credit C. dream D. chance 7. A. traded B. posted C. questioned D. claimed 8. A. well up B. roll in C. stand out D. go off 9. A. whispering B. arguing C. clapping D. stretching 10. A. funnier B. fairer C. cleverer D. braver 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者抱着试一试的心态，参加了音乐剧面试却成功获得了扮 演音乐剧主角的机会，作者在这次经历中体验到了尝试新事物带来的乐趣。 1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正在教室里看书，这时有一则公告。A. assignment任务；B. initiative倡议； C. announcement公告；D. interview面试。根据下文“Today at 1:10 there will be auditions for a musical.” 可推知，此处指作者正在教室里看书，这时作者听到有一则公告。故选C。 2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对戏剧没有兴趣，但是因为朋友们都在做，我也决定尝试一下。A. hesitancy犹豫；B. interest兴趣；C. worry担心；D. regret懊悔。根据下文“But I’d try out because my friends were doing it”可推知，此处指作者虽然对戏剧没有兴趣，但因为朋友们都在做，所以作者也决定尝 试一下。故选B。 3.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在1:10的时候，戏剧室外面排起了队。A. game游戏；B. show展览；C. play 游戏；D. line 队伍。根据下文“Everyone looked energetic. I hadn’t expected I’d be standing there that morning.”可知，此处指戏剧室外面排起了队。故选D。 4.考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是现在我正在排队的时候，我突然感到紧张。A. suddenly 突然；B. continuously连续不断地；C. originally起初；D. generally通常。根据上文“But now that I was doing it,” 以及下文“What if I wasn’t any good?”可推知，此处指作者在排队的过程中突然感到紧张。故选A。 5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他们测试了我的唱歌技巧，问我想要演什么角色。A. advertised为…… 做广告；B. tested测验；C. challenged对……怀疑；D. polished润色。根据上文“I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical.”以及下文“The teachers were smiling and praising me.”可推知，此处指作者进入戏剧室后，老师们让作者说几句音乐剧中的台词，测试作者的唱歌技巧，并 对作者的表现很满意。故选B。 6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感觉我有机会，所以我说“一个重要的角色”。A. demand需求；B. credit 信用；C. dream梦想；D. chance机会。根据上文“The teachers were smiling and praising me.”可知，作 者得到老师的表扬，所以此处指作者觉得自己有机会扮演音乐剧主角。故选D。 7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久演员表就被张贴了出来。A. traded交易；B. posted张贴；C. questioned 询问；D. claimed宣称。根据下文“My friends checked and came back shouting, “Amy, you got the main role!””以及下文“my name was at the top.”可推知，此处指很快演员表就被张贴了出来，作者在名单最上 边。故选B。 8.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我只是盯着它，然后开始情绪开始迸发。A. well up (情绪)迸发；B. roll in (金钱等)大量涌进；C. stand out脱颖而出；D. go off爆炸。根据下文“I was so happy”可推知，此处指作者盯 着演员表看，然后情绪开始迸发，感觉很开心。故选A。 9.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后人们开始鼓掌，这给了我信心。A. whispering耳语；B. arguing争吵； C. clapping鼓掌；D. stretching伸展。根据下文“that gave me a boost of confidence”以及常识可推知，此 处指人们的掌声增强了作者的信心。故选C。 10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它一直伴随着我，让我感到更勇敢。A. funnier更有趣的；B. fairer更公 平的；C. cleverer更聪明的；D. braver更勇敢的。根据上文“that gave me a boost of confidence”以及下文 “I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun — even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone.”可推知，人们的掌声给了作者信心，这使得作者感觉更勇敢，可以走出舒适区，通过尝试新事物获 得乐趣。故选D。 【2022北京卷】 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a break. Suddenly, I 1 a movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the very door I 2 guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill (寒意) go through my body. My legs carried me to that door, and I pushed it open. It was one of my kindergarteners who I thought was 3 that day. He had been dropped off at school late and was 4 to open the door. He must have been waiting there for quite a while! Without a word, I rushed him to the hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. He’d need time to 5 , and wouldn’t come for class the next day, I thought. The next morning, one of the first to 6 was my little frostbitten boy. Not only did he run in with energy, but his 7 could be heard as loud as ever! I gave him a warm hug and told him how 8 I was to see him. His words have stayed with me all these years, “I knew you would open the door.” That cold Monday morning, he waited a long, long while for adults to 9 . To a child, every minute feels like forever. He didn’t attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted. This five-year-old taught me a powerful lesson in 10 . 1. A. caused B. spotted C. checked D. imagined 2. A. hesitantly B. randomly C. dizzily D. carefully 3. A. angry B. absent C. special D. noisy 4. A. courageous B. content C. unable D. unwilling 5. A. recover B. play C. change D. wait 6. A. settle B. gather C. arrive D. react 7. A. sneeze B. weep C. complaint D. laughter 8. A. lucky B. happy C. curious D. nervous 9. A. show up B. pull up C. hold up D. line up 10. A. gratitude B. forgiveness C. faith D. kindness【答案】1. B2. D3. B4. C5. A6. C7. D8. B9. A10. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一个小男孩上学去晚了，被关在了门外，小男孩推不开们，于是大冬天的在门 外等了很久，直到老师不经意间发现门有动静，才注意到他被关在门外。小男孩坚定地相信老师会给他开 门，这种信念让老师一直铭记于心。 1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我注意到那扇沉重的木门动了一下。A. caused引起、使发生；B. spotted看见、注意到；C. checked检查、核对；D. imagined想象。根据后面的“a movement of the heavy wooden door.”可知，此处表示看到门动了下，spot符合语境。故选B项。 2.考查副词词义辨析。句意：这正是那扇我小心翼翼地领着孩子们穿过，以确保他们不受严寒侵袭的门。 A. hesitantly迟疑地、踌躇地；B. randomly随机地；C. dizzily头晕眼花地；D. carefully小心地、谨慎地。 根据后面的“to ensure their safety from the bitter cold.”可知，要确保孩子们不受严寒侵袭，说明是小心翼 翼地领着孩子们通过，carefully符合语境。故选D项。 3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是我幼儿园的一个孩子，我以为他那天没来。A. angry生气的、愤怒的； B. absent缺席的、不在的；C. special特殊的、特别的；D. noisy嘈杂的、聒噪的。根据下文的“He had been dropped off at school late and was 4 to open the door.”可知，是小男孩来晚了，又开不了 门，所以老师以为他没来，此处absent符合语境。故选B项 4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很晚才被送到学校，打不开门。A. courageous勇敢的；B. content满足 的、满意的；C. unable无法胜任的、不会的；D. unwilling不愿意的。根据上文的“the heavy wooden door.”和下文的“He must have been waiting there for quite a while!”可知，门很重，小男孩打不开，所以 才在门外等了很久，此处指“打不开门”，unable符合语境。故选C项 5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他需要时间恢复，我想他第二天不会来上课了。A. recover恢复、康复；B. play玩闹、戏弄；C. change改变；D. wait等待。根据前面的“He was treated for frostbite on his hands.” 可知，小男孩手冻伤了，所以需要时间恢复，此处recover符合语境。故选A项。 6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我那冻伤的小男孩是第一批赶到的人之一。A. settle解决、定 居；B. gather聚集、召集；C. arrive到达；D. react反应。根据下文“Not only did he run in with energy,” 可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明是来了学校，故此处指第一批到达学校的人，应用 arrive。故选 C项 7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不仅精力充沛地跑了进来，而且他的笑声还像以前一样响亮！A. sneeze打 喷嚏；B. weep 哭泣；C. complaint 抱怨；D. laughter 笑声。根据前面的“Not only did he run in with energy”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明身体恢复好了，结合后面的“could be heard as loud as ever”可知，此处应指“笑声和以前一样响亮”，laughter符合语境。故选D项 8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我给了他一个温暖的拥抱，告诉他我很高兴见到他。A. lucky幸运的；B. happy开心的、幸福的；C. curious好奇的；D. nervous紧张的、担忧的。根据上文“He’d need time to ____5____ , and wouldn’t come for class the next day, I thought.”可知，作者以为小男孩不会来学校，所 以看到小男孩的时候，应该是开心的，happy符合语境。故选B项 9.考查短语辨析。句意：在那个寒冷的周一早晨，他等了很久很久，才等到大人的出现。A. show up露面， 出现；B. pull up拔起、停下来；C. hold up举起、阻挡；D. line up排队。根据上下文语义可知，小男孩 在门口等了很久，才等到大人出现给他开门，此处用show up符合语境。故选A项10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个五岁的孩子给我上了一堂关于信念的有力的课。A. gratitude感激；B. forgiveness宽恕；C. faith信任、信念；D. kindness善良、仁慈。根据前面“He didn’t attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted.”可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，却没有试图回家，说明小男孩有很强的 的信念，故此处指老师从小男孩身上学到了一些关于信念的东西，此处指“关于信念的课”，faith符合语 境。故选C项。 考点02 人与社会类完形填空 【2023北京卷】 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I was always timid(羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even 1 , so it was surprising I’d 2 to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night! After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat﹣postponing the pain. When I finally sat down to 3 , I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear. Talking kept me and my neighbours from 4 . One paragraph down; now what? I chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal? Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began 5 . But when mum got home from work, I was still 6 , “Five pages! That’s impossible!” “Well, you’d better get back to work,” she said. “and I want to read it when you’re through.” Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to mum. I half expected a 7 ﹣at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”. 8 , mum laughed and laughed as she read. The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could 9 they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. My 1 0 still needed some nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print. 1. A. freer B. shyer C. calmer D. happier 2. A. nod B. point C. listen D. chat 3. A. weep B. rest C. write D. read 4. A. learning B. playing C. planning D. laughing 5. A. standing out B. flying by C. breaking up D. checking in 6. A. celebrating B. longing C. complaining D. warning 7. A. lecture B. reason C. reward D. solution 8. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Instead 9. A. hope B. imagine C. tell D. predict 10. A. patience B. confidence C. tolerance D. independence 【答案】1. B2. D3. C4. A5. B6. C7. A8. D9. C10. B【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要主要讲述了作者很害羞，刚来到新学校后更加害羞，不爱说话。于是老 师让作者写一篇五页的“我为什么不应该在课上讲话”的文章。作者写的文章很搞笑，第二天当老师在课 堂上读作者的文章时，同学们都笑了起来。 1.考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令 人惊讶的。A. freer更自由的；B. shyer更害羞的；C. calmer更冷静的；D. happier更高兴的。由上文“I was always timid(羞怯的)”和“even”可知，前后是程度的加深，我很害羞，所以刚到新学校更加害羞了， 故选B。 2.考查动词词义辨析。句意：初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的。 A. nod点头；B. point指；C. listen听；D. chat闲聊。由下文“Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five ﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”.(现在我在付出代价——就“我为什么不应该在班里说 话”写一篇五页的文章)”和“I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.”可知，布莱克老师想 知道我为什么不在班里说话的原因，由此可知，当老师想让我和同学们说话时，我认为要我和身边的任何 人聊天这是很令人惊讶的，故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我终于坐下来开始写作时，我首先说出了布莱克老师想听的理由。A. weep哭泣；B. rest休息；C. write写；D. read读。由上文“to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class””可知，此处write是同词复现，我开始写这篇五页的文章，故选C。 4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈话使我和我的邻桌不能学习。A. learning学习；B. playing玩；C. planning 计划；D. laughing笑。由上文“Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!”和“I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.” 可知，现在我要写一篇五页的文章，那要花费我一晚上，所以说和邻桌谈话会阻止我和邻居学习，且以谈 话会妨碍学习来解释，说明自己爱学习，这也是老师愿意听到的，故选A。 5.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：书页开始飞逝。A. standing out 突出；B. flying by飞越；飞逝；C. breaking up分手；D. checking in登记。由上文“Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.””可知，我开始写出很多 内容，所以此处用fly by来说明我很快写出了很多页，故选B。 6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当妈妈下班回家的时候，我仍然在抱怨，“五页！这不可能！”A. celebrating庆祝；B. longing渴望；C. complaining抱怨；D. warning警告。由下文““Five pages! That’s impossible!””可知，我认为我不可能写完这五页的内容，所以在抱怨，故选C。 7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有点期待得到一种说教——至少一句“我希望你已经吸取了教训”。A. lecture说教；B. reason原因；C. reward奖励；D. solution解决办法。由下文“at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”.”可知，“我希望你已经吸取了教训”这是一种说教，故选A。 8.考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，妈妈一边读一边笑。A. Therefore 因此；B. Moreover 此外；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Instead代替；反而。前后句子“I half expected a______7____﹣at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”.”和“mum laughed and laughed as she read.”内容相反，应用instead，我本期 待得到妈妈的奖励，然而妈妈非但没有奖励，反而在读我的文章时一边读一边笑，故选D。 9.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能判断出他们不是在取笑我：他们笑是因为我有能力讲一个有趣的故事。A. hope 希望；B. imagine 想象；C. tell 告诉；看出，判断出；区分；D. predict 预计。由下文“they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story.”可知，我能判断出来， 他们笑是因为我讲的故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，故选C。 10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的自信心仍然需要一些推动，但我确实学到了我在写作的时候并不害羞。 A. patience 耐心；B. confidence 自信；C. tolerance 忍受；D. independence 独立。由下文“still needed some nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.”和第一段提到的我很害羞可知，我的自信心不足， 需要一些推动，故选B。 【2021北京卷】 阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。 Recently, I took a trip home by train. I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes, who kept 1 a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap. The woman's eye fell on the man's face, and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf. As the night wore on, people began to close their eyes, but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 . The woman looked over at the man. He was still staring at her. She looked back at him with fire in her eyes. I was beginning to get 4 , too. The train moved on. The little boy was 5 awake on his mother's lap, but the woman dropped off to sleep. A moment later, he began to 6 the half-open window—one leg went over it. The man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out. The 8 woke up the woman. She seemed to be in 9 , and then reality dawned （显现）. “Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window, ” the man said as he gave the child back to her. . “So I have been watching the whole time. ”The woman was 10 , and so was I. 1. A. guiding B. bothering C. watching D. monitoring 2. A. adjusted B. changed C. packed D. waved 3. A. air B. joy C. space D. rest 4. A. nervous B. embarrassed C. angry D. disappointed 5. A. almost B. still C. hardly D. even 6. A. drag B. climb C. knock D. push 7. A. grabbed B. rocked C. touched D. picked 8. A. alarm B. quarrel C. risk D. noise 9. A. sorrow B. relief C. panic D. pain 10. A. astonished B. confused C. concerned D. inspired 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. A 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了火车上一位男子救下了爬上窗户的顽皮孩子的善举, 最初孩子的母亲因 为男子总是盯着他们, 对男子的第一印象不好, 而最后得知原因十分惊讶。故事告诉我们很多事情不能只 看表面。 1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在一位中年男子对面的座位上, 他目光敏锐, 一直在注视着一位坐在靠窗 座位上的年轻女子, 她的腿上坐着一个小男孩。A. guiding 带领；B. bothering 打扰；C. watching 看着；D. monitoring 监控。根据上文“with sharp eyes”（有着敏锐的目光）以及下文第二段“He was still staring at her. ”（他仍然盯着她看。）可知, 中年男子一直在看着女子, 故选C。 2.考查动词词义辨析。句意：女人的目光落在了男人的脸上, 她立刻低下头, 整理了一下围巾。A. adjusted 调整；B. changed改变； C. packed 包装 ；D. waved 挥动, 根据空格处and 前的动词低下头和空格后的 围巾, 可知女人因为感到尴尬而低头故意整理围巾, 故选A。 3.考查名词词义辨析。句意：夜渐渐深了, 人们开始闭上眼睛, 但座位太不舒服了, 只有睡得很沉的人才能 设法休息。A. air 空气；B. joy 娱乐；C. space 空间；D. rest 休息。根据空格前点明时间是夜晚了和后面 睡得很沉的人, 可知是为了获得一些休息。故选D。 4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也开始生气了。 A. nervous 紧张的；B. embarrassed 尴尬的；C. angry 生气的；D. disappointed 失望的。根据with fire in her eyes以及空格后too, 可知“我”和女人的情绪是一样 愤怒生气的, 故选C。 5.考查副词词义辨析。句意：小男孩躺在妈妈的腿上还醒着, 但是妈妈已经睡着了。A. almost 几乎；B. still 仍然；C. hardly几乎不；D. even甚至。根据but the woman dropped off to sleep, 可知母亲已经睡着, 男孩是醒着的, 推断出来是仍然醒着的。故选B。 6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿, 他开始爬上半开着的窗户——一条腿跨过了窗户。A. drag拖拉； B. climb 爬上；C. knock敲打；D. push推动。根据空格后one leg went over it, 可知小孩是在爬窗户, 脚 才迈了出去, 故选B。 7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在孩子掉下去之前, 那人跳起来抓住了他。A. grabbed 抓着；B. rocked 摇 晃；C. touched 接触；D. picked挑选。根据before he fell out可知, 男人跳起来是为了阻止孩子掉下去, 所以要抓住他, 故选A。 8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：噪音把那个女人吵醒了。A. alarm 闹钟；B. quarrel吵架；C. risk 风险；D. noise噪音。根据上文The man jumped up and grabbed the child just before he fell out 可知, 男人和孩子一 定是弄出了很大的动静和声音, 故选D。 9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她似乎在恐慌, 然后明白过来。A. sorrow悲伤；B. relief减轻；C. panic恐慌； D. pain痛苦。根据上文可知, 女人一醒来看到男人抓着自己的孩子, 女人对男人的印象不好, 因此作 为母亲一定是很恐慌的, 故选C。 10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女人很惊讶, 我也很惊讶。A. astonished惊讶；B. confused 困惑的；C. concerned 关心的；D. inspired 受到鼓舞的。根据空格前的对话“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window, ”the man said as he gave the child back to her..“So I have been watching the whole time.”(“你的孩子一直在找机会爬出窗户, ”男人说着把孩子还给了她。“所以我一直在 看。”),可知女人对男人的印象不好, 但是男人却救了他们的孩子, 所以最后女人是感到意外和惊讶的, 故 选A。 专题 16 完形填空（20 空）考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 2022天津卷—应对单簧管演奏挑战； 1.主题以人与社会为主，兼顾人与自我 考点1 人与自我类 2021浙江1月卷—国家森林当志愿者经 和人与自然”。 完形填空 历； 2.话题广泛，贴近学生，贴近生活。 （5年2考） 2020江苏卷—意外失明反倒与命运抗争。 3.熟词生义考查是完形填空备考难点和 2024全国甲卷—祖母的童年故事； 薄弱点，应加以重视，需要长期积累。 2021全国乙卷—病患感谢医务人员付出； 4.完形填空短语考查也是不少学生的软 考点2人与社会类 2020全国I卷—家庭如何应对生命之门； 肋，需要深入积累和查漏补缺。 完形填空 2020全国I卷—难缠顾客应对智慧； 5.词语复现是完形填空一大特色，需要 （5年2考） 2020天津卷—聊天长椅秒解老人孤独； 学会准确把握上下文特定语境照应提升 答题能力。 2019天津卷—陌生人深夜登门还钱包 6.完形填空侧重通过故事传递正能量， 考点3人与自然类 2019全国I卷--乞力马扎罗山旅游困境； 讴歌真善美，弘扬社会主义核心价值 完形填空 2019江苏卷—人工繁殖白鹤。 观。 （5年0考） 考点01 人与自我型完形填空 【2022天津卷】 When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet (单簧管). The beginning of the year had gone 1 6 . But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other students, I was filled with fear. I knew I would 17 . When I began to play, my rhythms (节奏) were good, but my tone was another 18 . “Did you practice your lesson?” the teacher barked at me. I felt so 1 9 and my world came 2 0 down in an instant. From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting 2 1 . With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of 22 , I asked for sick leave. It was so relieving and such a(n) 2 3 way out. The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.” My tears started 24 . “If you really want to quit, why are you crying?” asked mum. She 25 and I realized I wanted to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to 26 out of. I made a 2 7 not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a 2 8 could be achieved. The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t 29 why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out. She didn’t 30 at me and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To my great 31 I could play well. My problem was solved and my fear was 3 2 a lot that year.33 I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can 34 everything in a person’s life. Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay 35 inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable. 16. A. badly B. endlessly C. randomly D. smoothly 17. A. mess up B. move on C. set out D. take off 18. A. impression B. essay C. story D. factor 19. A. ashamed B. starved C. excited D. relaxed 20. A. crashing B. moving C. selling D. bending 21. A. stricter B. worse C. happier D. smarter 22. A. joy B. panic C. doubt D. sympathy 23. A. funny B. important C. easy D. traditional 24. A. drying B. disappearing C. flowing D. separating 25. A. had a point B. made a change C. reached a level D. took a break 26. A. send B. bring C. pick D. climb 27. A. request B. resolution C. presentation D. proposal 28. A. balance B. degree C. position D. solution 29. A. figure out B. give away C. think over D. make up 30. A. aim B. smile C. wave D. shout 31. A. anger B. sorrow C. disappointment D. surprise 32. A. felt B. shown C. removed D. voiced 33. A. Carrying on B. Looking back C. Stepping aside D. Turning around 34. A. consume B. examine C. reflect D. rescue 35. A. unknown B. unpunished C. interested D. trapped 【答案】16. D17. A18. C19. A20. A21. B22. B23. C24. C25. A26. D27. B28. D29. A30. D31. D32. C33. B34. A35. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为自己单簧管演奏得不好，感到很沮丧，决定逃避，在妈妈 的启发下，作者决定面对恐惧，找到老师寻求帮助，最终解决了问题，也战胜了自己的恐惧。 【16题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：年初进展顺利。A. badly 严重地；B. endlessly 无穷地；C. randomly 随机地；D. smoothly 顺利地。根据下文“But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind.”可知，上下文为转折关系，年初进展顺利，但随着大多数学生的进步，我似乎落后了。故选D项。 【17题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我知道我会搞砸的。A. mess up搞砸；B. move on继续前进 C. set out动身，出发；D. take off起飞。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我似乎落后于其他同学， 由此可知，我认为自己演奏的不好，会搞砸的。故选A项。 【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始演奏时，我的节奏很好，但我的音调是另一回事。A. impression印象；B. essay散文；C. story故事，情节；D. factor因素。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind” 可知，我演奏的不好，虽然节奏很好，但演奏不在调上，音调是另一回事，“my tone was another story” 用来描述演奏不在调上。故选C项。 【19题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. ashamed羞愧的；B.starved饥饿的；C. excited兴奋的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知， 老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我为此感到羞愧。故选A项。 【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. crashing崩溃；B. moving移动；C. selling出售；D. bending弯曲。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知，老师质 疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我感到很羞愧，感觉世界瞬间崩溃了。故选A项。 【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我讨厌吹单簧管，而且越来越糟糕。A. stricter更 严格的；B. worse更糟的；C. happier更快乐的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据下文“I grew increasingly upset”可知，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，我的状态越来越糟糕。故选B项。 【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一阵恐慌中，我请了病假。A. joy喜悦；B. panic恐慌；C. doubt 疑惑；D. sympathy 同情。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”和“With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset.”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可 知，因为对即将到来的表演感到恐慌，所以我请了病假。故选B项。 【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种解脱和容易的方式。A. funny有趣的；B. important 重要的；C. easy容易的；D. traditional传统的。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”可知，我讨厌吹单 簧管，由此可知，我请了病假，这是一种让我解脱的容易的方式，我可以不再面对单簧管表演。故选C项。 【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想退出。”我的眼泪开始流下来。A. drying使变干；B. disappearing消失；C. flowing流动；D. separating使分开。根据下文“why are you crying”可知，我哭了， 由此可知，我的眼泪流了下来。故选C项。 【25题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对 我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. had a point 有道理；B. made a change 做出改变；C. reached a level达到一定水平；D. took a break休息一下。根据句中“I realized I wanted to stay in band and”可知，我意识到我想留在乐队里，由此可知，我认为妈妈的话“If you really want to quit, why are you crying?(如果你真的想退出，为什么要哭？)”说得很有道理，如果我真想退出，就不会哭。故选A项。 【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的 恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. send发送；B. bring带来；C. pick挑选；D. climb爬。根据句 中“created a black hole”可知，我无法面对我的恐惧，就像给自己创造了一个黑洞，很难爬出来。故选D 项。 【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要 与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. request请求；B. resolution正式决定，决心；C. presentation演示； D. proposal提议。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，由此可知，我 下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧。故选B项。 【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要 与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. balance平衡；B. degree程度，度数；C. position位置；D. solution 解决办法。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，是为了找到解决问题 的办法。故选D项。 【29题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第二天，我见到了我的乐队老师，告诉她我有一个问题，不 理解为什么会这样。A. figure out理解，想出；B. give away赠送；C. think over仔细考虑；D. make up编造。根据句中“The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem”可知，我把 问题告诉老师，由此可知，我不理解为什么会这样，所以才请教老师。故选A项。 【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有冲我大喊大叫，递给我一个新簧片。A. aim目的是；B. smile微笑；C. wave挥手；D. shout喊叫。根据句中“She asked me gently to play for her.”可知，老师温 柔地让我为她演奏，由此可知，她愿意帮助我解决问题，得知我的问题后，没有冲我大喊大叫。故选D项。 【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我非常惊讶的是，我能演奏得很好。A. anger愤怒；B. sorrow 悲伤；C. disappointment失望；D. surprise惊讶。根据句中“I could play well”可知，我之前一直演奏不 好，突然能演奏得很好，这令我感到惊讶。故选D项。 【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一年，我的问题解决了，我的恐惧消除了很多。A. felt感觉到； B. shown展示；C. removed去除，使消失；D. voiced表达，吐露。根据句中“My problem was solved”可 知，我的问题解决了，由此可知，我的恐惧消除了很多，不再那么害怕演奏了。故选C项。 【33题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。A. Carrying on继续； B. Looking back回顾，回首往事；C. Stepping aside下台，让位；D. Turning around转身，调转方向。根 据句中“I overcame my fear”可知，我克服了恐惧是发生在过去的事，由此可知，句中指回首往事，我很 高兴我克服了恐惧。故选B项。 【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。A. consume消耗；B. examine 检查；C. reflect反映；D. rescue营救。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我陷入困境，无法面对生活，由此可知， 恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。故选A项。 【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：躲避这些恐惧只会造成一个洞，让人困在里面。A. unknown 未知的；B. unpunished未受惩罚的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. trapped受困的。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧， 我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞，由此可知，躲避恐惧只会造成一个洞，人被困在里面。故选D项。 【2021浙江1月卷】 Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 16 on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I 1 7 myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was 1 8 at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of 19 , my worries had gone. Everyone was so 2 0 and like-minded that it was very 2 1 to feel at home. I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 22 . We had to 23 everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 24 way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire. My job was to 25 a stairway out of rock. This 26 climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 2 7 . Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The 2 8 of knowing that my 2 9 will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive. But on the last night we were 39 in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool inmy tent. The temperature was close to 3 1 . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only 3 2 part of my tent. 3 3 , I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 3 4 . I think I am much 3 5 for having taken part in the project. 16. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research 17. A. imagined B. introduced C. enjoyed D. found 18. A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited 19. A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking 20. A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious 21. A. funny B. good C. lucky D. easy 22. A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course 23. A. drop B. make C. carry D. buy 24. A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick 25. A. build B. test C. clean D. guard 26. A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant 27. A. hunted B. trained C. seen D. fed 28. A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention 29. A. work B. memory C. record D. story 30. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated 31. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing 32. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft 33. A. By the way B. Regardless of that C. Needless to say D. In either case 34. A. survived B. resisted C. escaped D. recovered 35. A. smarter B. stronger C. happier D. busier 【答案】16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者 的机会，虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难，仍然感谢这 个经历让自己变得更坚强。 16.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现“美国志愿者”。A. calculate 计算；B. negotiate 协商；C. advertise 登广告；D. research 研究。根据前文的“Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.”可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选D项。 17.考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagined想 象；B. introduced介绍；C. enjoyed喜欢；D. found发现。根据前文的“I began to_1_on the Internet…”可 知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选D项。 18.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。A. annoyed烦恼的； B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. excited兴奋的。根据后面的“my worries had gone.”可知，我一开始很担忧。故选C项。 19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，到达15分钟里我的担忧就消失了。A. arriving到达；B. sleeping睡觉； C. thinking思考；D. walking行走。根据“feel at home”得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。故选A 项。 20.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. confident 自信的；B. friendly 友好的；C. energetic 活力的；D. curious 好奇的。根据后文“and like- minded”可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B项。 21.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. funny 搞笑的；B. good好的；C. lucky幸运的；D. easy容易的。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at home”得知 大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D项。 22.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头 8天的项目。A. tour游览；B. project项 目；C. campaign活动；D. course课程。根据下文“for having taken part in the project”可知，这是在说 当志愿者的项目，原词复现。故选B项。 23.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。A. drop掉下；B. make制作；C. carry携带；D. buy购买。根据下文“with a heavy pack”可知，作者他们要背负着必需品 走。故选C项。 24.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可能看起来不远，但是在35度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是着 了火。A. nice好的；B. safe安全的；C. long长的；D. quick快的。根据前文“walk three miles”可知，作 者他们走的路程不远。故选C项。 25考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。A. build建造；B. test测试；C. clean清洁； D. guard保卫。根据下文“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一个 阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选A项。 26.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。A. helped帮助；B. ended 结束；C. allowed允许；D. meant意味。根据“climbing up and down”可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可以 爬上爬下。故选D项。 27.考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。A. hunted捕猎；B. trained训练；C. seen看到；D. fed喂养。根据前文“although I should say they were only heard”可知，作 者以前没有见过。故选C项。 28.考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。 A. satisfaction满意；B. ambition雄心；C. expectation期待；D. intention意图。根据上文的“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选A项。 29.考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。 A. work工作，作品；B. memory回忆；C. record记录；D. story故事。根据上文的“My job was to”“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选A项。 30.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。A. left离开；B. caught捉住；C. attacked袭击；D. separated分离。根据下文“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent” 可知，作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选B项。31.考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A. boiling煮沸的的；B. average平均的；C. normal正常 的；D. freezing冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选D项。 32.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。A. tidy干净的；B. dry干的； C. new新的；D. soft软的。根据上文的“thunderstorm”和后文的“part of my tent”可知，帐篷里进了水， 作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选B项。 33.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：不用说我受了很多苦。A. By the way顺便问一下；B. Regardless of that 尽管这样；C. Needless to say 不用说；D. In either case在这两种情况下。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台阶 和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选C项。 34.考查动词辨析。句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。A. survived生存； B. resisted反抗；C. escaped逃离，抓牢；D. recovered恢复。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.”可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选A项。 35.考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。A. smarter更聪明的；B. stronger更强壮的；C. happier更快乐的；D. busier更忙碌的。根据前文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选B项。 【2020江苏卷】 Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success 3 6 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 3 7 in our lives. When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no 38 of knowing that his life was to change 39 . The class experiment that day was to 40 how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. 41 , the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat 42 held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container 43 , leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes. When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents 4 4 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 4 7 public speaker. Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from 48 for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to 4 9 his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 5 1 Wilson made to preventing the 5 2 . Wilson received several international 53 for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a 54 . He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 5 5 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens. 36. A. depends B. holds C. keeps D. reflects 37. A. dilemmas B. accidents C. events D. steps 38. A. way B. hope C. plan D. measure 39. A. continually B. gradually C. gracefully D. completely40. A. direct B. show C. advocate D. declare 41. A. Anyway B. Moreover C. Somehow D. Thus 42. A. mistakenly B. casually C. amazingly D. clumsily 43. A. erupted B. exploded C. emptied D. exposed 44. A. deserved B. attempted C. cared D. agreed 45. A. submitted to B. catered for C. impressed on D. happened to 46. A. fantastic B. extraordinary C. impressive D. catastrophic 47. A. accomplished B. crucial C. specific D. innocent 48. A. deafness B. depression C. blindness D. speechlessness 49. A. decide B. abandon C. control D. accept 50. A. until B. when C. unless D. before 51. A. opposition B. adjustments C. commitment D. limitations 52. A. preventable B. potential C. spreadable D. influential 53. A. scholarships B. rewards C. awards D. bonuses 54. A. fortune B. recipe C. dream D. vision 55. A. distinguishes B. determines C. claims D. limits 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. D 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. B 51. C 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。因为一次意外，威尔逊失明了。但是，他并没有抱怨命运的不公， 而是努力地学习，接受教育。他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力，获得了很多国际大奖。他的例子 告诉我们：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。 【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。 A. depends依靠；B. holds握，持有；C. keeps保持；D. reflects反映。结合空后的介词on可知，仅仅擅长 某件事并有激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend on：取决于。故选A。 【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。 A. dilemmas进退两难的处境；B. accidents意外事故；C. events事，事件；D. steps脚步，步骤。结合文 章最后一句“He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens”可知，我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应what happens(发生的事)。故选 C。 【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时， 他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. way方法，方式；B. hope希望；C. plan计划；D. measure措施。 John Wilson“无法”预知将会发生的事情。故选A。 【39题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时， 他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. continually不断地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. gracefully优雅地； D. completely完全地。结合下文可知，一场意外导致他失明，这“完全”改变了他的生活。故选D。 【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。A. direct指导，引导；B. show展示；C. advocate提倡，倡导；D. declare宣布。那天的课堂实 验的目的是“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选B。 【41题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的 东西。A. Anyway无论如何，不管怎样；B. Moreover而且；C. Somehow不知怎么地；D. Thus因此。不 知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选C。 【42题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的 东西。A. mistakenly错误地；B. casually随意地；C. amazingly令人惊奇地；D. clumsily笨拙地。老师 “误”在容器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水，结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选A。 【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致威尔逊失明。A. erupted爆发，喷出；B. exploded爆炸；C. emptied腾空，掏空；D. exposed揭露，使暴露。因为容器内 装的不是水，而是更容易挥发的物质，所以，当威尔逊把它加热时，容器“爆炸”了，导致 Wilson失明。 故选B。 【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来 应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. deserved值得，应得，应受；B. attempted试图，尝试；C. cared关心， 在乎； D. agreed同意。孩子失明了，身为父母，他们当然要“试图”找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生 活中的灾难。故选B。 【45题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来 应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. submitted to提交，服从……；B. catered for迎合；C. impressed on 给……留下印象；D. happened to发生。这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生活中。故选D。 【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A. fantastic极好的； B. extraordinary不同寻常的；C. impressive给人深刻印象的；D. catastrophic灾难性的，毁灭性的。根据 上文his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives.以及结合生 活常识，失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据 but转折可知，威尔逊并没有将这场事故看作是 “灾难性的”。故选D。 【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且成为了一名出色的演 说家。A. accomplished才华高的，有成就的；B. crucial至关重要的，关键性的；C. specific特定的，具体 的；D. innocent无辜的，天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文，并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教育。 结合该句中的not only…but also…可以推知，他不仅是个好学生，而且是个非常好的公共演说家。选项中 只有A选项表达此意。故选A。 【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。 A. deafness聋，听力不佳；B. depression沮丧；C. blindness瞎；D. speechlessness哑口无言。结合后文中 的“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 ”可知，很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知，在非洲，有很多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而“失 明”。故选C。 【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容 易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. decide决定；B. abandon抛弃；C. control控 制；D. accept接受。根据上文中的“But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learnedbraille(盲文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker”可知，威尔逊失明之后，他没有抱怨命运的不公， 反而努力进取，由此推知，他“接受”了自己失明的事实。故选D。 【50题详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此 容易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. until直到；B. when在……情况下，当…… 时候；C. unless如果不；D. before在……之前。在很容易解决那么多人失明的情况下，让他们继续失明下 去完全是另一回事。when表示“在……情况下”。故选B。 【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万 人都可以恢复视力了。A. opposition反对；B. adjustments调整，调节；C. commitment奉献，投入；D. limitations限制。根据前文中的“This moved him to action”可知，威尔逊行动起来，努力地去预防那些可 以预防的情况。因为他的“奉献”，很多人恢复了视力。该空和53空后的great contributions呼应。故选 C。 【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千 万人都能够恢复视力了。A. preventable 可预防的，可阻止的；B. potential 潜在的，有潜力的；C. spreadable(黄油等)容易被涂开的；D. influential有影响力的。结合空前的prevent可知，威尔逊努力地去 预防“可以预防的”情况。故选A。 【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A. scholarships奖 学金；B. rewards奖励，回报；C. awards奖，奖品；D. bonuses红利，津贴。因为他的巨大贡献，威尔逊 获得了几个国际“大奖”。故选C。 【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失明了，但找到了"眼力“”。A. fortune运气，财富；B. recipe食谱，秘诀；C. dream梦，梦想；D. vision视野。根据前文叙述可知，虽然威尔逊失明了，但是他 却通过努力，帮助了很多人，为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知，他虽然看不见，但是他的“眼界”开阔， 做到了很多人都做不到的事情。故选D。 【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是 我们如何看待发生的事情。A. distinguishes区分，辨别；B. determines决定；C. claims宣称；D. limits限 制。结合第一段中的“Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives”可知，成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即：并不是发生的事情“决 定”我们的生活，而是我们对发生的事情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选B。 考点02 人与社会型完形填空 【2024全国甲卷】 阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项。 One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the 41 to help my grandmother wash dishes. 42 my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.Born just before WWII, my grandmother 43 an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to 44 . Like in typical families, where boys were 45 much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do 46 . The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to 47 was when her brother was having Chinese 48 with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening 49 . This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite 50 , especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to the 51 . There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their 52 while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I 53 — her ability to open her 54 underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed. My childhood is quite 55 compared with hers. I am 56 that I did not need to 57 the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of 58 . I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 59 to: her stories always make my history textbooks 60 . 41. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall 42. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now 43. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced 44. A. work B. school C. court D. press 45. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged 46. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework 47. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach 48. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea 49. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely 50. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical 51. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class 52. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue 53. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value 54. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms 55. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar 56. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful 57. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for 58. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication 59. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk 40. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. D 51. C 52. B 52. A 54. C 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者祖母的童年故事，以及作者从故事中得到的感悟。41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。A. sitting room 客厅；B. kitchen 厨房；C. yard 院子；D. dining hall 餐厅。根据下文“to help my grandmother wash dishes”可推知，此处指作者在厨房洗碗。故选B。 42.考查副词短语辨析。句意：一如既往地，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。As always一如既往；B. By the way 顺便说一句；C. For example 例如；D. Here and now 此时此地。根据语境，结合下文“my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood”可推知，此处指作者的祖母经常给作者讲童年故事， 这次一如既往的给作者讲她童年的故事。故选A。 43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖母出生在二战前夕，她的童年生活方式与我的完全不同。A. adjusted 调整；B. promoted 促进；C. achieved 完成；D. experienced 经历。根据下文“an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine”可推知，此处指祖母经历的童年与作者的不同。故选D。 44.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有机会上学。A. work工作；B. school学校；C. court法院；D. press出 版社。根据下文“The only opportunity she could seize to __47__ was when her brother was having Chinese __48__ with the family tutor”可推知，此处在指祖母生活的年代，她是没有机会上学的。故选B。 45.考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. favored赞成；B. tolerated容忍；C. trusted信任；D. acknowledged承认。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school. Like in typical families”并结合语境可推知，此处指作者祖母生活的年代是重男轻女 的，所以祖母才不被允许上学。故选A。 46.考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。 A.gardening园艺；B. homework家庭作业；C. business商务；D. housework家务。结合语境，再根据上 文“my grandma had to stay at home”可推知，此处指作者祖母在家里做家务。故选D。 47.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. exercise锻炼；B. study学习；C. explore探索；D. teach教学。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母不被允许上学，自己找机会学习。故选 B。 48.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. food食物；B. guests客人；C. lessons课程；D. tea茶。根据上文“having Chinese”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课。故选C。 49.考查副词词义辨析。句意：她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。A.closely仔细地、紧密 地；B. directly 直接地；C. nervously 紧张地；D. freely 自由地。根据上文“The only opportunity she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table”可推知，此处指祖母抓住学习机会，仔细地旁听学习。故选 A。 50.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写——这项技能被证明是非常实用的， 尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。A. professional专业的；B. awkward令人尴尬的；C. simple简单的；D. practical实用的。根据上文“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down”以及下文 “especially whenever we share the newspaper”可推知，此处指祖母学会的技能是非常实用的。故选D。 51.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大多数周末，我的祖母，当时还是个小女孩，和她的哥哥会去海滩。A.market市场；B. mountain山；C. beach海滩；D. class班级。根据下文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥去海滩玩水。故选C。 52.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。 A. secret秘密；B. breath呼吸；C. view视野；D. tongue舌头。根据上文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥在水下屏住呼吸。故选B。 53.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire钦佩； B. notice 注意到；C. adopt 采纳；D. value 重视。根据下文“her ability to open her ____54____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指作者佩服祖母在水里的能力。故选A。 54.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. hands手；B. mouth 嘴；C. eyes 眼睛；D. arms 胳膊。根据上文“open her”以及下文“still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指祖母张开嘴在水底坐着。故选C。 55.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。A. difficult困难的；B. complex复 杂的；C. happy快乐的；D. similar相似的。通读全文，再根据“compared with hers”可推知，此处指与 祖母的童年经历相比，作者的童年相当快乐。故选C。 56.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. grateful感激的；B. surprised 惊讶的；C. convinced 深信不疑的；D. regretful 后悔的。根据上文“My childhood is quite happy compared with hers.”可推知，此处指作者很感激自己的童年是快乐的。故选A。 57.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. reflect upon思考；B. go through 经历；C. ask about询问；D. prepare for 准备。根据上文“I am grateful that I did not need”以及下文 “the hardships like she did”可推知，此处指作者感激自己不需要经历祖母经历过的那些磨难。故选B。 58.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。A. unemployment失业；B. health健康； C. education教育；D. communication沟通。通读全文，再根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”可推知，文章主要讲了祖母不被允许上学，没受过教育的困境，所以此处指作者从来没有遇到过 受教育的问题。故选C。 59.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她 的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. attend出席；B. refer参考；C. lead领导；D. talk对话、讨论。 结合上文祖母给作者讲故事，再根据上文“makes my grandmother such an amazing person”可推知，此处 指祖母的经历使祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人。talk to“与某人交谈”。故选D。 60.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她 的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. come true成真；B. come round苏醒；C. come out出现；D. come alive 变得生动。根据上文“I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks”可推知，此 处指作者祖母的经历和故事丰富了作者的人生，使历史书上的故事变得生动鲜活，跃然纸上。故选D。 【2021全国乙卷】 Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 41 just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words thatexpress different 42 of gratitude(感谢). My thoughts were soon 43 . We had a woman patient who was 44 from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 45 to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was 46 discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 47 the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 48 , and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks. She was 49 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her 50 at her recovery. As she was 51 she was eager to say 52 to each of us in the nursing team. When she 53 one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague 54 to accept it, saying that we were all just 55 our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then 56 :“Oh this isn't for the 57 I had. I take that as a 58 . No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.” And there you have it. To many people, 59 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an 60 and should be rewarded. 41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor 42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations 43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken into account 44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering 45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising 46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly 47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving 48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily 49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful 50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment 51. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving 52. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes 53. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded 54. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused 55. A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting 56. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported 57. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care 58. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting 59. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building 60. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra 【答案】41-45 CABDA 46-50 ABCAB 51-55 DCADB 56-60 CDBCD 【导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人为例，表达了我们应该对 别人的付出表示真诚的感谢，即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。 41. C。句意：几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。A. cleaner清洁工；B. chemist化学家，药剂 师；C. nurse护士；D. doctor医生。根据下文的“as she was 11 she was eager to say 12 to each of us in the nursing team.”可知，当时作者是一名护士。42. A。句意：我突然想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词语，那会容易得多。A. grades 分数，级别，程度；B. meanings意思；C. needs需求；D. expectations期待。根据上文的“simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations”可知，作者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词，那么 感谢就容易得多了。 43. B。句意：我的想法很快就进行了测验。A. brushed aside撇开；B. put to the test经受考验，接受…… 的考验；C. brought under discussion在讨论中；D. taken into account考虑。结合下文讲述女病人对护士 们的所为，可知作者的想法立即接受了测验。 44. D。句意：我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing出发，离开；B. escaping逃跑；C. retiring退休；D. recovering恢复。结合下文提到手术和病人从床上摔下来可知，病人正在恢复中。 45. A。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. attempting试图，尝试；B. choosing选择；C. pausing暂停；D. promising承诺。结合上文提到这是个膝盖有伤的病人，可推知她尝 试着自己上床。 46. A。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. eventually最后；B. fortunately 幸运地；C. casually随意地；D. secretly秘密地。结合上文病人是因为膝盖置换手术而住院，由此可知， 此处是指最终发现摔倒是因为心脏病。 47. B。句意：这次摔倒是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。A. assessing评估；B. requiring 需要；C. forming形成；D. proving证明。根据“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要想把病人治好需要 紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。 48. C。句意：虽然很慢，但她恢复了，四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly轻微地；B. accidently意外地； C. slowly缓慢地；D. happily幸福地。根据上文的“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要从灾难性的病痛 中恢复一定很慢。 49. A。句意：她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的一切都非常感激。A. grateful感激的；B. thoughtful体贴的； C. sorrowful伤心的，悲伤的；D. fearful恐惧的。结合下文女病人离开前和大家一一道别，推知她对大家 的付出表示感激。 50. B。句意：在她出院那天，我们分享了她康复的喜悦。A. surprise惊喜；B. delight喜悦；C. curiosity 好奇心；D. disappointment失望。根据下文的“her recovery”可知，此处是指分享她康复的喜悦。 51. D。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. operating 手术；B. thinking思考；C. hesitating犹豫；D. leaving离开。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要 出院了，所以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。 52. C。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. sorry抱歉；B. hello你好； C. goodbye再见；D. yes同意。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，由此推知她 对护理团队的人告别，say goodbye to sb.“和某人告别”符合语境。 53. A。句意：当她走到一个护士身边时，她试图塞一张五英镑的钞票在她手里。A. reached到达；B. consulted咨询；C. introduced介绍；D. persuaded说服。结合上文提到女病人出院时要和护士们一一道别 可知，此处是指她走到一个护士的身边，用“reach”符合语境。 54. D。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. wished希望；B. pretended假装； C. failed失败；D. refused拒绝。结合常识和下文的“we were all just 13 our job”可知，作者的同事拒绝收下女士给的钱。 55. B。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. enjoying享受；B. doing做；C. securing获得，保护；D. starting开始。根据上文提到作者的同事拒绝收下钱可推知，她认为照顾病人只 是做了自己应该做的事情而已。 56. C。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。 不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. repeated重复；B. recited背诵；C. replied回答，回应；D. reported报 道。结合上文作者同事说照顾女士是自己的工作，不应该得到额外的礼物可知，此处是女病人对同事说的 话的回应。 57. D。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。 不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. courage勇气；B. patience耐心；C. duty职责；D. care照顾。根据下文 的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知，女病人并不是因为护士的照顾才给的五英镑。 58. B。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的 不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. goal目标；B. given该给的东西；C. push推力；D. greeting招呼。根据 上文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”推知，女病人认为她得到的照顾是护士们应该给她的（东 西）。 59. C。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但发型是额外的，应该得到奖励。A. risking冒 险；B. changing改变；C. saving拯救，挽救；D. building建设。根据上文内容可知，医生和护理团队拯救 了女病人的生命可知，此处指很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。 60. D。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是额外的事情，应该得到奖励。A. honour荣誉；B. ability能力；C. opening开口处；D. extra额外的东西。根据下文的“To many people， 59 lives is part of the job”和“but”可知，此处指做发型是本职工作以外的事情，即额外做的事情，应该 得到奖励。 【2020全国I卷】 Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 .But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door. I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48 . I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong 51 that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical（比 喻） meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, “What if it isn’t a door?” That is, “What if it isn’t a 57 opportunity?” Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just 59 repeatedly having to say, “No. We can’t go outside now.” Then when they come to other doors in life, be they realor metaphorical, they won’t 60 to open them and walk through. 41. A. relief B. target C. reason D. case 42. A. admit B. believe C mean D. realize 43. A. gradually B. constantly C. temporarily D. casually 44. A. result B. danger C. method D. truth 45. A. merely B. slightly C. hardly D. partly 46. A. reviewing B. approving C. receiving D. attempting 47. A. win out B. give up C. wake up D. stand out 48. A. dream B. lie C. fantasy D. fact 49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers 50. A. restrictions B. explanations C. differences D. consequences 51. A. demand B. fear C. desire D. doubt 52. A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral 53. A traditional B. important C. double D. original 54. A. life B. time C. reply D. history 55. A. by comparison with B. in addition to C. regardless of D. instead of 56. A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of 57. A real B. typical C. similar D. limited 58. A. safety rule B. comfort zone C. bottom line D. top secret 59. A. delay B. regret C. enjoy D. accept 60. A. hurry B. decide C. hesitate D. intend 【答案】41-45 CABDA 46-50 DCBAD 51-55 BCBAD 56-60 BACDC 【导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育理 念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种“进退 两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。 41. C。句意：原因是明显的。relief安慰；target目标；reason原因；case情况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明 显的” 43. A。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。admit 承认； believe相信；mean意味 着； realize意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去，那必然是作者承认了它是 一扇门。 43. B。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。gradually逐步地； constantly不断地； temporarily临时地；casually随便地。根据下文I should just_59 repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。 44. D。句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。result结果danger危险method方法truth真相。下文But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次 要求打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真相的。 45. A。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。merely只不过；slightly轻微地； hardly几乎不； partly部分地。我在搪塞孩子们，所以轻描淡写地说，它不过 是一扇窗户而已。 46. D。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。reviewing 回顾；approving赞成；receiving收到； attempting尝试。根据millions of requests to open the door可知 孩子们是想尝试打开门。 47. C。 句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是 一个谎言。win out最后获得成功；give up放弃；wake up开始了解真相；stand out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48 .可知有一天，孩子们会开始了解 真相。 48. B。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一 个谎言。 dream梦想； lie谎言； fantasy幻想； fact事实。根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作 者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。 49. A。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。parents父母twins双胞胎colleagues同事 teachers老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。 50. D。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。 restrictions限制； explanations解释； differences差异； consequences结果。根据they'll want to go outside 43.可知一旦我说出真相，孩子们就 总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后果”。 51. B。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。 demand要求； fear 害怕； desire 欲望； doubt 怀疑。根据 that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。 52. C。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。 physical身 体的；B biological生物的； spiritual心灵的； behavioral行为的。下文说家长们的撒谎行为会让孩子们 面对机会时，犹豫不前。由此可知，这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。 53. B。 句意：窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。traditional传统的；important重要的； double双重的； original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打 开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。由此可知，窗户和门的比 喻意义是非常重要的。 54. A。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住 机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。根据Then when they come to other doors in life可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。 55. D。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住 机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。by comparison with与…相比； in addition to除…之外； regardless of不管； instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎，今后，孩子们面对生活中 的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。 56. B。 句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓 住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。get hold of抓住；stare at凝视； knock on敲击（门、窗）； make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机会”。 57. A。句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？real真的；typical典型的；similar相似 的；limited有限的。孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质疑机会的真实性。 58. C。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。safety rule安全守则； comfort zone舒适带; bottom line底线；top secret绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我的底线。 59. D。句意：我应该只是接受重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。” delay推迟； regret后悔； enjoy享受；accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时，我也不得不重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外 面。”这是一个现实，我只能接受。 60. C。句意：然后，当他们遇到生活中的其他门时，或真实或比喻，他们将毫不犹豫的打开它们，然后走 过去。hurry匆忙；decide决定；hesitate犹豫；intend打算。根据and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真 相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。 【2020全国III卷】 As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then 44 it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 . I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was. 49 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular". After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on 53 people. That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think "Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’ be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day. 41. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists 42. A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying 43. A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear 44. A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume 45. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods 46. A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural 47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing 48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult 49. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about 50. A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed 51. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized 52. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty53. A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely 54. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade 55. A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel 56. A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually 57. A. ready B. away C. up D. well 58. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law 59. A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame 60. A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. saves 41-45 BADCD 46-50 ABDBC 51-55 DBCAA 56-60 CDBCA 【导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一位生意人，遇到过各种各样让人抓狂的顾客，而有一个难缠的顾 客，一开始对每件事都不满意，结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者，是因为自己和丈夫分居了，于是 把气撒到其他人身上，这让作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事 情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。 41. B。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。 shopkeepers店主； customers顾客； salespersons售货员； receptionist接待员。根据上文I care deeply about my customers可知作者是生意 人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。 42. A。句意：他们会冲进来，说手提包被偷了。 saying说； pretending假装； guessing猜测； replying 回答。结合后文their handbag’s been stolen可知此处是指说的内容应用say。 43. D。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。 agree同意； promise承诺； imagine想象； swear发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里，信誓旦旦地说自己的包 是忘在了更衣室里。 44. C。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。 forget忘记； decide决定； discover发现； assume假设。结合后文it had been in their car all the time可 知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。 45. D。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。 foods食物； catalogues目录； belongings所有物； goods商品。结合后文in the shops可知此处指的是商店里的商品。 其它选项不符合语境。 46. A。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。 particular特别的； different不同的； matching相配的； natural自然的。结合上文the only style you don't have left in a可 知顾客试了店里一半的商品，结果想要的只是那种有特别颜色（particular）没有存货的款式。其它选项带 入不符合语境。 47. B。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。 fighting打架； smiling微笑； waiting等待； changing改变。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无厘头的要求和行为，面对这种情况， 虽然店员会很沮丧，“但是”一词边是转折，与“沮丧”一词情感色彩相反，结合选项，B项“微笑”符 合句意。 48. D。句意：我还记得我们在Covent Garden遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。 generous慷慨的； polite礼貌 的； careless粗心的； difficult难缠的，困难的。结合后文nothing was right可知这位顾客对一切都不满， 很难缠。49. B。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。 curious about 好奇； displeased with 对……不满意； patient with 对……有耐心； uncertain about 对……不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right可知这个顾客对一切都不满意。 50. C。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。 relaxed放松的； delighted高兴的； surprised惊讶的； embarrassed尴尬的。结合上下文可知这位顾客 对每件事都不满意，但是居然成了“常客”，这让作者感到很惊讶才对。 51. D。句意：不久，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。 searched 搜索； argued 争论； prayed 祈祷； apologized道歉。顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，她开始为自己一开始的行为道 歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。 52. B。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒 在别人身上。 by chance偶然； by herself她独自地； on purpose故意地； on duty值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat可知女顾客和丈夫分居了，因此现在是独 自住在一套公寓里。 53. C。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒 在别人身上。 rude粗鲁的； such这样的； other其他的； lonely寂寞的。结合上文since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on 可知她难以应付这样压力，于是决定把气撒在其他人身上。 other people“其他人”。 54. A。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。 lesson课程，教训； trick诡 计； skill技能； trade贸易。结合后文作者的感悟，可知这件事让作者学到了宝贵的一课。 55. A。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。 work工作； shop购物； meet会面； quarrel争吵。结合后文in the market可知是指在市场上工作的人。 56. C。句意：别太在意。 kindly亲切地； secretly秘密地； personally亲自地； casually随便地。结合 后文作者指出不要让自我妨碍了你，要淡化这种情绪可知此处作者想说的是不要太在意这些事。短语 take it personally“在意，把这些放在心上”。 57. D。句意：也许她的孩子不太好。 ready迅速地； away离开； up向上； well好地。根据上文 Maybe she’s had a row with her husband可知此处列举的是顾客家中有不好的事情发生的情况。 58. B。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。 out of sight看不见； in the way妨碍，挡道； behind the scene幕后； above the law凌驾于法律之上。上文作者提到不要太在意这些顾客，要淡化这种 不好的情绪，不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。 59. C。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，毁了每个人的一天。 stress强调； expect期待； handle处理； blame责备。结合本段内容主要是在说明如何处理粗鲁难缠的 顾客的问题。 60. A。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，毁了每个人的一天 ruins 毁灭； makes 制作； starts 开始； saves 拯救。结合上文 the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that可知一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面，那么最终只会毁了每一个人的一天。 【2020天津卷】Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant 16 - -loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be 17 in a clever way. The 1 8 ? Chat benches. Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her 19 . The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who 20 made her believe that he was her friend, and then she lent him about “f 31,000 . Jones was 21 when she said that she didn’t actually 22 being cheated. “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said. This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely 23 people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating. So he 2 4 to do something about it. He 2 5 the police department to allow him to 26 a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that 27 :”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up, he found people sitting there and engaging in active and 2 8 conversations. The idea is catching on 29 . There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n) 3 0 outcome from getting involved. Jones’ idea has been fully 31 -the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help 32 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello. This effort is not just a(n) 33 at being community minded- -it’s also a 34 measure. It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters. The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that 35 those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future. 16. A. choice B. discovery C. visit D. promise 17. A. experienced B. suffered C. prevented D. felt 18. A. solution B. puzzle C. excuse D. intention 19. A. pleasure B. prize C. credit D. money 20. A. eventually B. frequently C. previously D. occasionally 21. A. ashamed B. shocked C. excited D. amused 22. A. mind B. forgive C. risk D. enjoy 23. A. active B. lonely C. cautious D. stubborn 24. A. learned B. refused C. pretended D. decided 25. A. forced B. ordered C. convinced D. taught 26. A. put away B. make out C. tear apart D. set up 27. A. read B. claimed C. meant D. implied 28. A. formal B. joyful C. awkward D. crazy 29. A. randomly B. slowly C. quickly D. purposefully 30. A. positive B. disappointing C. correct D. embarrassing 31. A. realized B. examined C. discussed D. formed 32. A. break down B. put up C. keep off D. take out 33. A. glance B. attempt C. knock D. attack34. A. heart-breaking B. risk-taking C. face-saving D. crime-cutting 35. A. forbids B. appoints C. encourages D. troubles 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C 【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉·琼斯警探在英国的一个警察局工作。他 最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方 法加以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置”聊天长椅”，帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。”聊天长椅” 是一个很棒的新项目，它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。 【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致 抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. choice选择；B. discovery发现；C. visit参观； D. promise 许诺。下文 loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes说孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。这 是一项重大的发现。故选B。 【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致 抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. experienced 经历；B. suffered 遭受；C. prevented阻止；D. felt 感觉。根据下文Chat benches.可知对于这一社会问题，有阻止的方法。故选C。 【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:解决方案？长椅上聊天。A. solution解决方案；B. puzzle谜；C. excuse借口；D. intention目的。根据下文的回答Chat benches可知这里是询问”解决方案是什么”。故选 A。 【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:琼斯是在与一位被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后产生这个想法的。A. pleasure 快乐；B. prize 奖品；C. credit 信用； D. money 钱。根据下文 and then she lent him about £31,000可知这位老妇人被骗了钱。故选D。 【20题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话，他最终让她相信 他是她的朋友，然后她就借给了他大约 31 万英镑。A. eventually 最后；B. frequently 频繁地；C. previously先前；D. occasionally偶尔。下文说这位老妇人借给了这个陌生人大约31万英镑，由此可知， 他最终让她相信他是她的朋友。故选A。 【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. shocked震惊的；C. excited兴奋的；D. amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑，一个人被 骗了很多钱，她一定会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。故选B。 【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. mind 介意；B. forgive原谅；C. risk冒险；D. enjoy享受。根据下文老妇人说的话 “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.可知她并不介意被骗。故选A。 【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这使琼斯得出结论，在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的人，他们 很容易成为欺骗的目标。A. active积极的；B. lonely孤独的；C. cautious小心的； D. stubborn顽固的。 上文老妇人说:“否则，我几个星期都不会跟别人说话”，结合下文，琼斯创建了“聊天长椅”可知在他的 社区中，有太多极度孤独的人。故选B。 【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以他决定做点什么。A. learned学习；B. refused拒绝；C.pretended 假装；D. decided 决定。下文 He…the police department to allow him to…a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.描述了琼斯采取的实际行动，由此可知，琼斯决定做点什么。故选D。 【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个”聊天长 椅”。A. forced强迫；B. ordered命令；C. convinced说服；D. taught教。下文说他在当地的两个公园里 设立了几个“聊天长椅”，由此可知，他是说服了警察局。故选C。 【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长 椅”。A. put away放好；B. make out辨认出；C. tear apart把……弄乱；D. set up设立。根据a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.可知是在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。故选D。 【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后，他在每张长椅上挂了一块彩色的牌子，上面写着:“聊天愉 快。” A. read写着；B. claimed宣称；C. meant意味；D. implied暗示。根据”HAPPY TO CHAT. “可 知这是牌子上写的内容。表示”牌子上写着……”应用动词read，故选A。 【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:就在张贴告示几天后，他发现人们坐在那里，进行着积极愉快 的交谈。A. formal正式的；B. joyful愉快的； C. awkward尴尬的；D. crazy疯狂的。下文说琼斯的想法 已经完全实现了，结合琼斯创建“聊天长椅”的初衷以及牌子上所写的内容“快乐聊天”，可知人们坐在 那里，进行着积极愉快的交谈。故选B。 【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:这个想法很快就流行起来了。A. randomly随便地；B. slowly缓慢 地；C. quickly很快地；D. purposefully有目的地。根据There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England.可知这个想法很快就流行起来了。故选C。 【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。A. positive积极的； B. disappointing令人失望的；C. correct正确的；D. embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据Jones' idea has been fully…-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help…the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.可知琼斯的想法已经完全实现了，”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。因此， 推断出所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。故选A。 【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。A. realized实现；B. examined检查； C. discussed讨论；D. formed形成。下文说”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。 由此可知，琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。故选A。 【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。A. break down打破； B. put up提供；C. keep off不接近；D. take out取出。上文说所有参与的人都从参与 中获得了积极的结果。由此可知，“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。故选A。 【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. glance一瞥； B. attempt尝试；C. knock敲打；D. attack攻击。琼斯设置的“聊天长椅”是一个新颖且有 趣的尝试。故选B。 【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。 A. heart-breaking令人心碎的；B. risk-taking冒险的；C face-saving顾全面子的；D. crime-cutting减少犯 罪的。根据上文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes以及 那位被骗了钱的老妇人的悲惨经历，可知这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。故 选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:“聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相 互交流和了解。A. forbids禁止；B. appoints任命；C. encourages鼓励；D. troubles麻烦。根据The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project 以及上文“聊天长椅”所产生的积极效果，可知“聊天长椅”，鼓励所有 年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。故选C。 【2019天津卷】 I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some 1 6 station. The 17 moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the 1 8 of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash, all lost to the bus. Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband 19 it while I was on the phone in the dining room. “Does Jennifer live here?” I heard a lady say. In my husband’s hand was my wallet, with not a penny 2 0 . She left before I could 2 1 make it to the door to offer my thanks. After sharing the story online, I heard from someone, who 22 the lady as Erin Smith. Without 23 , I called to thank her. She said she 24 my wallet on a bus seat. She 25 that going to a stranger’s house was a 2 6 move, but she decided to take the chance. “If I were in that 2 7 , I would want someone to try to find me,” she said. This one stranger responded beautifully to my small 28 , but she actually wasn’t the only one. Right after Erin 29 my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum(论坛), trying to see 3 0 anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son’s nursery and who recognized my face. I’ve never 31 words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever, but that’s not how the people I 3 2 tend to act. 3 3 , I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone 3 4 what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely 3 5 . 16. A. accessible B. hidden C. unknown D. convenient 17. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart-stopping 18. A. parts B. contents C. details D. ingredients 19. A. ignored B. answered C. examined D. interrupted 20. A. missing B. returned C. remaining D. abandoned 21. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even 22. A. selected B. appointed C. identified D. defined 23. A. delay B. alarm C. regret D. invitation 24. A. moved B. placed C. opened D. spotted 25. A. disagreed B. complained C. calculated D. recommended 26. A. selfless B. risky C. slow D. personal 27. A. site B. direction C. situation D. atmosphere 28. A. crisis B. danger C. threat D. failure29. A. got rid of B. made use of C. had control of D. took possession of 30. A. if B. where C. how D. when 31. A. recalled B. exchanged C. repeated D. whispered 32. A. encounter B. follow C. consult D. accompany 33. A. Going away B. Turning around C. Looking back D. Coming along 34. A. into B. against C. over D. beyond 35. A. longing B. enthusiastic C. concerned D. grateful 【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，一个陌生人Erin捡到了作者的钱包， 在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还钱包。作者深受感动，体会到人们还是愿意互相帮助的。 16.考查形容词辨析。A. accessible可进入的；B. hidden隐藏的；C. unknown未知的；D. convenient方便 的。根据前文的“fear seized me. My wallet was gone.”可以推知，作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，而汽车 正在开往某个作者未知的地方，这使得找回钱包的希望渺茫，因此作者心生“恐惧”。故C选项切题。 17.考查形容词辨析。A. face-saving保全体面的；B. brain-washing洗脑的；C. eye-catching引人注目的； D. heart-stopping惊心动魄的。根据上一段中的“fear seized me”可以推知，作者在发现丢了钱包之后的第 一感觉是“害怕”，之后，作者开始在内心计算找回钱包里的那些东西所需要的时间和钱数。故该空应和 fear表达的意思相近，D选项（heart-stopping）切题。 18.考查名词辨析。A. parts部分；B. contents所含之物，所容纳之物；C. details细节；D. ingredients材料。 该空指下文中提到的“The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash,”这些都是钱包里装的东西。故选B。 19.考查动词辨析，A. ignored忽视；B. answered应（门）；接（电话）；应答；C. examined考试；D. interrupted打断。两小时后有人敲门，丈夫去应门。故B选项切题。 20.考查形容词辨析。A. missing 不见的，丢失的；B. returned 被送回的；C. remaining 剩下的；D. abandoned被抛弃的。结合下文的陈述可知，那位女士捡到了作者的钱包，她拾金不昧，将钱包完璧归赵。 由此可以推知，该处指“钱包里的钱一分也没有丢失”。故A选项切题。 21.考查副词辨析。A. still仍然；B. ever曾经；C. yet但是；已经；D. even甚至。作者甚至还没有来得及 到门口感谢那位女士，她就离开了。故选D项切题。 22.考查动词词义辨析。A. selected挑选；B. appointed约定的，指定的；C. identified确认，认出，识别； D. defined下定义。在网上分享了这个故事之后，作者收到了某个人的来信，这个人确认了那位女士是 Erin Smith。故C选项切题。 23.考查名词辨析。A. delay耽搁；B. alarm闹钟；C. regret遗憾；D. invitation邀请。找到了那位拾金不 昧的女士，作者当然要“马上，毫不耽搁地”打电话去感谢对方。故A选项切题。 24.考查动词辨析。A. moved移动；B. placed放置；C. opened打开；D. spotted发现，认出。作者将钱包 落在了公共汽车上，Erin是在一个座位上发现了它。该空表示“发现”，故D选项切题。 25.考查动词辨析。A. disagreed不同意；B. complained抱怨；C. calculated计算，估计；D. recommended 推荐。根据文章最后一段中的“a bitterly cold night”可知，这件事发生在一个寒冷的晚上。同时，Erin又 不认识作者。由此推知，该句应指：Erin估计去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。C选项切题。26.考查形容词辨析。A. selfless无私的；不考虑自己的；B. risky 危险的；冒险的；C. slow 慢的；D. personal亲自的。根据下文中的转折词but可知，该句和she decided to take the chance（她决定冒险）是 转折关系，那么该句应指去一个陌生人家是一个冒险的举动。故B选项切题。 27.考查名词辨析。A. site地点；位置；场所；B. direction方向；C. situation情况，情形；D. atmosphere 气氛；大气。该句叙述的是Erin当时的想法：“如果我处在那种情况下（指丢了钱包这种情形），我希望 有个人努力地找到我”。该空表示“情况，情形”，故C选项切题。 28.考查名词辨析。A. crisis危机，危难时刻；B. danger危险；C. threat威胁；D. failure失败。作者丢了 钱包，对于作者来说，这是一个“危难时刻”。故A选项切题。 29.考查动词短语辨析。A. got rid of免除，除去，摆脱；B. made use of使用，利用；C. had control of 对……有控制能力；D. took possession of拥有，占有。Erin捡到了作者的钱包，在归还作者之前，钱包在 Erin的手里，Erin暂时“拥有，占有”作者的钱包。故D选项切题。 30.考查连词。A. if是否；B. where在哪里C. how如何；D. when什么时候。Erin把作者的驾照图片发到 一个论坛里，想看看是否有人认识作者。该空表示“是否”，故A选项切题。 31.考查动词辨析。A. recalled回忆；B. exchanged交换，互换；C. repeated重复；D. whispered窃窃私语。 根据后面的转折词but可知，该句和后面一句（她们想帮忙）是转折关系，由此推知，该句表达“除了闲 聊，作者和那两位妈妈从来没有说过话”，即：从未和她们“交换过词语”。故B选项切题。 32.考查动词辨析。A. encounter 遭遇，邂逅；遇到；B. follow 跟随；C. consult 请教；商议；D. accompany陪伴。作者曾经读到这样的说法：人们比以往更加四分五裂，即：人们不像以前那样团结，不 像以前那样互相帮助了。但是，作者遇到的这些人的行为方式不是那样的。上文中提到的 Erin，two moms都是作者遇到的人。故A选项切题。 33.A. Going away离开；B. Turning around掉头；C. Looking back再回首，回顾；D. Coming along进展 如何。回顾发生的这件事，作者感到很幸运：有人想帮助一个陌生人。C选项切题。 34.考查介词。A. into到……里面；进入；B. against反对；C. over结束；D. beyond超过，超越。根据倒 数第二段中提到的“people are more divided”可以推知，一般人在捡到别人的钱包后，都不会像Erin那样 亲自归还失主。因此该句表达Erin的所作所为远远超越了其他人的行为。该空表示“超过，超越”，故D 选项切题。 35.考查形容词辨析。A. longing 渴望的；B. enthusiastic 热情的；C. concerned 有关的；关心的；D. grateful感激的。Erin在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还作者的钱包，作者对此非常感激。故D选项切题. 考点03 人与自然型完形填空 【2019全国I卷】 Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences. However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons ofrubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 . The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems(生 态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 —low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true. 41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring 42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters 43. A. position B. age C. face D. name 44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy 45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate 46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones 47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean 48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary 49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away 50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight 51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded 52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose 53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials 54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to 55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits 56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add 57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake 58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally 59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial 60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire 【答案】 41．D 42．C 43．C 44．B 45．A 46．C 47．D 48．C 49．A 50．B 51．D 52．A 53．B 54．D 55．A 56．C 57．B 58．D 59．A 60．B 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破 坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当 他来到这里，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马 扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。41．考查动词辨析。A. keep保持；B. mix混合；C. connect联系；D. bring带来。句意：他们带来了很 多的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。 42．考查名词辨析。A. stories故事；B. buildings建筑物；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。句意：人 群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。 43．考查名词辨析。A. position位置；B. age年龄；C. face外貌，表面；D. name名字。句意：冰川正 在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。 故C选项切题。 44．考查形容词辨析。A. silent沉默的；B. skepetical怀疑的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。句 意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可 知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故B选项切题。 45．考查动词辨析。A. discover发现；B. argue争论；C. decide决定；D. advocate提倡。句意：然而， 我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。 由“much has changed”可知，作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。 46．考查名词辨析。A. equipment装备；B. grass草；C. camps营地；D. stone石头。句意：我很快发现， 自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。 47．考查形容词辨析。A. remote遥远的；B. quiet安静的；C. tall高的；D. clean干净的。句意：我发现 了一座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知，营地 里和路边都有厕所，所以这是一座干净的山。故D选项切题。 48．考查形容词辨析。A. new新的；B. special特殊的；C. significant重大的；D. necessary必要的。句 意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多 的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失，这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C选项切题。 49．考查动词短语辨析。A. paying off还清，报偿；B. spreading out伸展；C. blowing up爆炸；D. fading away逐渐消退。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到 回报。由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。 故A选项切题。 50．考查名词辨析。A. atmosphere氛围；B. experience经历；C. experiment实验；D. sight视力。句意： 在我看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。 51．考查动词辨析。A. studied学习；B. observed观察；C. explored探索；D. regarded认为。句意：山 被许多文化视为精神场所。由“spiritual space”可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as被 视为……。故D选项切题。 52．考查名词辨析。A. view景色；B. quality质量；C. reason原因；D. purpose目的。句意：在乞力马 扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以景色 也是明显的不同。故A选项切题。 53．考查名词辨析。A. scientists科学家；B. climbers登山者；C. locals当地人；D. officials官员。句意： 在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色尤为明显。故A选项切题。来到乞 力马扎罗都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B选项切题。54．考查动词短语辨析。A. holding on to抓住；B. going back to回到（原来的话题）；C. living up to达到，履行；D. giving way to向……让步。句意：热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，让位于大 片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植 物。故D选项切题。 55．考查动词辨析。A. changes改变；B. clears放晴；C. improves提高；D. permits允许。句意：再往 上走，天气变了——低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds”可知，海拔变了，天气也是不 同的，是变化的。故A选项切题。 56．考查动词辨析。A. match匹配；B. imagine想象；C. count数；D. add增加。句意：我从站的地方 数出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故C选项切题。 57．考查名词辨析。A. village村庄；B. desert沙漠，荒地；C. road马路；D. lake湖。句意：海拔4000 米以上是高山荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。由“grave, stones and rocks”可知，海拔4000米以上是高山荒 漠。故B选项切题。 58．考查副词辨析。A. Obviously明显地；B. Easily容易地；C. Consequently结果；D. Finally最后地。 句意：海拔4000米以上是高地荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川 地区。故D选项切题。 59．考查形容词辨析。A. permanent永久的；B. little小的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. artificial人造的。句意： 很明显，你爬进了一个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic-like zone”可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故A选项切题。 60．考查动词辨析。A. enjoy享受；B. deserve值得；C. save挽救；D. acquire获得。句意：乞力马扎罗 山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？这里作者在质疑乞力 马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰，以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。 故B选项切题。 【2019江苏卷】 Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species(物种) that are 3 6 every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to 37 the species from going out of existence. Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their 38 . Emma, a female crane, has been in their 3 9 since she arrived in 2004. Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was 40 by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected 41 , though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had 42 taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She 4 3 to live with male cranes, and even had a 4 4 for killing some of them, which made it 4 5 for her to become a mother. 46 , the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝) of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a 47 of artificial breeding(人工繁殖) and natural reproduction. This 4 8 Emma to give birth to five baby cranes. The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be 49 , more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the 50 , and many other species appear headedtoward extinction. 51 , not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive. How can we 5 2 the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the 53 : human beings took it for granted that their 54 held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better 5 5 . 36. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing 37. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove 38. A. abortion B. recreation C. reproduction D. administration 39. A. care B. eye C. mind D. story 40. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized 41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice 42. A. never B. always C. unluckily D. cheerfully 43. A. liked B. refused C. decided D. hesitated 44. A. gift B. skill C. concern D. reputation 45. A. illegal B. inspiring C. important D. impossible 46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead 47. A. combination B. collection C. strategy D. system 48. A. forced B. forbade C. taught D. enabled 49. A. defeated B. grateful C. assured D. tolerant 50. A. list B. rise C. agenda D. decline 51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary 52. A. leave B. bridge C. open D. identify 53. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. reward 54. A. brains B. behaviors C. services D. projects 55. A. guide B. treat C. example D. companion 【答案】36. D37. B38. C39. A40. C41. B42. A43. B44. D45. D46. C47. A48. D49. C50. D51. B52. B53. C54. A55. A 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。在现代，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝。白 鹤就是其中之一。但是，有很多人正在竭尽全力保护这些物种免于灭绝。如Chris和Tim通过努力，帮助 一只名叫Emma的雌鹤繁殖了五只幼鹤。 【36题详解】考查动词辨析。A. growing生长；B. migrating迁移；C. competing竞争；D. disappearing 消失。根据第一句“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age”和最后一句提到的“…the species from going out of existence”可以推知，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝，即： “消失”。D选项正确。 【37题详解】考查动词辨析。A. ban禁止；B. save挽救，保护；C. split分裂；D. remove移除。前文提到 每天都有物种消失，那么该句应指科学家们正在竭尽全力保护这些物种，使它们免于灭绝。故B选项正确。 【38 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. abortion 堕胎；B. recreation 娱乐；C. reproduction 繁殖；D. administration管理。上文最后一句提到科学家们竭尽全力保护濒临灭绝的物种，由此推知，该处应指Chris和Tim帮助濒危物种繁殖，增加它们的数量，这样它们才不至于灭绝。故该空应指“繁殖”，C选 项正确。 【39题详解】考查名词辨析。A. care照顾；B. eye眼睛；C. mind思想；D. story故事。自从2004年， Emma一直由Chris和Tim照顾。该空和下一句中的“human caretaker”呼应。故选A。 【40题详解】考查动词辨析。A. found发现；B. chosen选择；C. raised抚养；D. seized抓住。根据空后的 “human caretakers”可知，caretaker当然是照看 Emma的。故该句应指：出生在一个国际鹤基地， Emma由人类抚养照看。故选C。 【41题详解】考查名词辨析。A. bonus奖金；B. consequence结果；C. victory胜利；D. sacrifice牺牲。根 据空后的though（尽管）可知，though前后的两个句子之间是转折关系。后面提到，她过得很开心。根 据转折关系，那么前文应该表示“但是这导致了出乎意料的结果”。B选项正确。 【42题详解】考查副词辨析。A. never从未；B. always总是；C. unluckily不幸运地；D. cheerfully愉快地。 根据下文中的“become deeply attached to humans...even ...killing some of them”等内容可知，因为Emma 一直由人类照看，所以它没有将自己看作是一只鹤，而是深深的依恋上了人类。故选A。 【43题详解】考查动词辨析。A. liked喜欢；B. refused拒绝；C. decided拒绝；D. hesitated犹豫。根据上 文，Emma不把自己当作鹤，所以它“拒绝”和雄鹤生活在一起。B选项正确。 【44题详解】考查名词辨析。A. gift礼物；B. skill技巧；C. concern涉及；D. reputation名声。根据even （甚至）这个递进关系可知，Emma不仅拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起，而且因为弄死了几只雄鹤而“臭名昭 著”。故D选项正确。 【45题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. illegal非法的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. important重要的；D. impossible不可能的。Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活，这当然使得她“不可能”生育小鹤，成为妈妈。D选项正 确。 【46题详解】考查连接副词。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover而且；C. However然而；D. Instead反而。 上文提到Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活，使得她不可能生育小鹤。下文提到两位动物园管理员不想看到这一物种 的灭绝。由此推知，上下文之间是转折关系。C选项正确。 【47题详解】考查名词辨析。A. combination结合；B. collection收集；C. strategy策略；D. system体系。 经过努力，Chris和Tim成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起。A选项正确。 【48题详解】考查动词辨析。A. forced强迫；B. forbade禁止；C. taught教；D. enabled使能够。Chris 和Tim成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起，这使得 Emma诞育了五只幼鹤。enable sb. to do sth.意为“使……能够做某事”，D选项正确。 【49题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. defeated被打败的；B. grateful感激的；C. assured使确信；D. tolerant 忍耐的。根据后文的more efforts must be made可以推知，尽管两个人为自己的成就感到骄傲，但是他们 还需要付出更多努力，因为野生鹤的数量在减少。所以他们还不能完全放心（白鹤不会灭绝）。故选C。 【50题详解】考查名词辨析。A. list清单；B. rise上升；C. agenda议程；D. decline下降。前后句之间是 因果关系，根据more efforts must be made可以推知，野生白鹤数量在减少，所以，还要付出更多的努力 （来挽救白鹤灭绝）。故D选项正确。 【51题详解】考查介词短语。A. In contrast相反；B. After all毕竟；C. By the way顺便问一下；D. On the contrary相反地。前文提到野生白鹤数量正在减少，很多其他物种似乎也在逐渐灭绝。该句提到，并不是所有的人都意识到野生动物有思想，感情，以及平等生存的权利。很明显，该句是对前文出现野生动 物濒临灭绝原因的一种解释。故B选项正确。 【52题详解】考查动词辨析。A. leave离开；B. bridge搭桥，弥合；C. open开；D. identify确认。针对上 文提到的很多物种灭绝这种现象，作者提出一个问题：我们如何来弥合将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿 沟呢？B选项正确。 【53题详解】考查名词辨析。A. course课程；B. excuse借口；C. answer答案；D. reward回报。前文提 出一个问题：我们如何来弥合将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？Chris和Tim的做法给我们提供了 一个答案。C选项正确。 【54题详解】考查名词辨析。A. brains大脑；B. behaviors行为；C. services服务；D. projects工程。根 据下文中的“hold all the solutions”可以推断出，人类认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。即：人 类认为自己的大脑可以想出所有的解决办法。A选项正确。 【55题详解】考查名词辨析。A. guide指导，指引；B. treat对待；C. example例子；D. companion同伴。 根据转折词but可以推知，人类想当然的认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。但或许他们的新是 更好的指引。故A选项正确。