文档内容
2013年考研英语（二、真题逐词逐句精讲使
虹
Section I Use of English
a
第一段
O Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in. which
all payments are made electronically.鉴于电子货币的优势，你也许会认为，我们将快速步入无现金社会，所有
支付都将电子化。
—1级修饰 Given the advantages of electronic money,
[介词短语作句子主干的原因状语
you might think （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作might think的宾语
that we would move quickly to the cashless society
介词in+which引导的定语从句,[修饰the cashless society
—级修饰 in which all payments are made electronically.
词汇注释 given [*givn] prep.鉴于 a.规定的 electronic * [ijek'trnnik] a.电子的
cashless ['kaejlas] a.不用现金的 payment * ['peimsnt] n.支付；报答
@ However, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner.然而，真正的无现金社会可能不会马上到来。
—级修饰 However,
__________ !插入语
句子主干 a true cashless society is probably not around the comer.（主+系+表）
❸ Indeed, predictions have been around for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.实际上，二十年来一直有
这样的预测，但迄今还没有实现。
—级修饰 for two decades
[介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
Indeed, predictions have been around （主+系+表）
句子主干 I but连接的并列谓语
but have not yet come to fruition.
词汇注释 indeed * [m*di:d] ad.实际上；真正地 prediction [pn'dikfn] n.预测；预言
decade * ['dekeid] n.十年 fruition [fru'ifh] n.实现，完成
❹ For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very
concept of money itself," only to reverse itself several years later.例如，1975 年《商业周刊》曾预测，电子支付方
式不久将“彻底改变货币本身的概念”，不料其几年后竟不再坚持自己的立场。
99一级修饰 For example,
[插入语
Business Week predicted （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 |
in 1975
|介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
that引导的宾语从句，作predicted的宾语
that electronic means of payment would soon ^revolutionize the very concept
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the very concept :
of money itself,"
—级修饰 动词不定式短语作宾语从句的结果状语
only to reverse itself several years later.
词汇注释 means * [mi:nz] n.方式；方法 revolutionize [.revs'lu^naiz] vt.彻底改变
concept* ['kunsept] n.概念；观念 reverse oneself放弃（立场）；承认错误
❺Why has the movement to a cashless society been so slow in coming?为什么步入无现金社会的步伐如此缓慢呢？
句子主干 Why has the movement...been so slow （特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+助动词+主+系+表）
[修饰the movement
介词短语作后置定语，
to a cashless society
—级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的状语
in coming?
a
第二段］
❶ Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors
work against the disappearance of the paper system.尽管电子支付方式可能比纸币支付系灸更高效，但存在一
些因素阻碍纸币支付系统的消失。
二级修饰 than a payments system based on paper,
[than...作比较状语
一级修饰 Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient
[Although引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 several factors work against thedisappearance （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰the disappearance
一级修饰 of the paper system.
词汇注释 efficient* [ffijht] a.高效的；有能力的 factor* ['fekta（r）] 因素
work against 妨碍；对... 不利 disappearance [.disa^iorans] n.消失；消亡
@ First, it is very expensive to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make
electronic money the dominant form of payment.首先，配备使电子货币成为主要的支付方式所必需的计算机、读
卡器和电信网络的费用非常昂贵。
一级修饰 necessary to make electronic money the dominant form of payment.
形容词短语作后置定语，[修饰the computer...networks
to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks
!让为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语
句子主干
First, it is very expensive （主+系+表）
要点注释 形容词短语necessary...payment中，动词不定式短语to make...payment作状语；其中，electronic
money 作 make 的宾语，the dominant form of payment 作 electronic money 的补足语。
词汇注释 telecommunications [.telika.mju^'ke^hz] n. [pl.]电信 dominant * [^nminsnt] a.主要的；占支配地位的
❸ Second, paper checks have the advantage that they provide receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to
give up.其次，纸质支票具有提供收据这一优势，而收据是很多消费者不愿放弃的。
100句子主干 Second, papc。checks have th^adyantage （主+谓+宾）
that引导的同位语从句,[解释说明the advantage
—级修饰 that they provide receipts,
receipts的同位语j
二级修饰 something that many consumers are unwilling to give up.
要电主释 something…中,that引导的定语从句，修饰something。
词汇源 check * [tfek] n.支票 vt./n.检查 receipt 虫[n'si:t] n.收据；接收
unwilling [ah wilirj] a.不愿意的 give up 放弃；投降
❹ Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"—it takes several days before a check is cashed
and funds are withdrawn from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the
funds in the meantime.第三，使用纸质支票给了消费者几天的“浮动期”——支票兑现及从出票人账户里取
出资金之前需要花费几天时间，这意味着开具支票者在此期间依然可以享受该笔资金的利息。
句子主干 Third, the use of paper checks gives COTisumgB （主+谓+间宾+直宾）
[解释说明
一级修饰 —it takes several days
before引导的时间状语从句[
before a check is cashed
and连接的并列句|
and （before） funds are withdrawn from the issuer's account,
二级修饰 which引导的非限定性定语从句
which means
that引导的宾语从句，[作means的宾语
that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds
[介词短语作时间状语
in the meantime.
I词汇注释:float女[flout] n.浮动期；浮游物W.漂浮；漂流 cash去[k时]w.兑现支票儿现金
withdraw * [wid'dro:]讨.取，提（银行账户中的款） issuer ['ifu:s] n.发行者
interest * ['mtrsst] n.利息；兴趣 in the meantime 在此期间；同时
© Because electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.由于电子支付是即时到账的，
消费者便没有了这段浮动期。
—级修饰 Because electronic payments are immediate,
^Because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语
句子主干 they eliminate the float （主+谓+宾）
:介词短语作状语，表对象
—级修饰 for the consumer.
词汇注释 immediate* [fmi^iot] a.即时的；立即的 eliminate * [flimineit]讨消除;淘汰
第三段]
❶ Fourth, electronic means of payment may raise security and privacy concerns.第四，电子支付方式可能会引起人
们对安全和隐私问题的担忧。
句子主干 Fourth, electronic means of payment may raise security and privacy concerns.（主+谓+宾）
词汇注释 raise * [reiz] vt.引起；提高；举起 security * [si'kjusrati] n.安全；保安措施
privacy * ['pnvssi] n.隐私 concern * [kon's3：n] ".担心；忧虑
@ We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information
stored there.我们经常听媒体报道称，某未经授权的黑客已经能够访问电脑数据库并更改其中所储存的信息。
101句子主干 We often hear media reports （主+谓+宾）
that引导的同位语从句解释说明media reports
that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database
—级修饰 | and连接的并列谓宾
and （has been able） to alter information stored there.
:词汇注释 '、'、unauthorized [An^^sraizd] a.未经授权的 hacker [*haek9（r）] n.黑客
access * [*aekses] vt.访问 n.通道；机会 alter * [b:lto（r）] v,更改，改变
© The fact that this is not an uncommon occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts
in electronic payments systems and steal from someone else's accounts.这并非罕见之事的事实意味着欺诈分子或许
能够访问电子支付系统中的银行账户，并从他人账户中进行盗窃。
—级修饰 that this is not an uncommon occurrence
[that引导的同位语从句，解释说明The fact
The fact...means （主+谓+宾从）
[that引导的宾语从句，作means的宾语
句子主干 that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems
| and连接并列的谓语
and （might be able to） steal from someone else's accounts.
:词汇注释:uncommon [An'kDmsn] a.罕见的 occurrence [s'kArsns] n.事件；出现
❹ The prevention of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to cope with
security issues.防止这种欺诈行为并非易事，人们正在研究全新的计算机科学领域以应对安全问题。
一级修饰 of this type of fraud
［介词短语作后置定语，修饰The prevention
（1） The prevention...is no easy task,（主+系+表）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
（2） and a new field...is developing （主+谓）
［介词短语作后置定语，修饰a new field
of computer science
一级修饰 动词不定式短语作（2 ）句的目的状语
to cope with security issues.
；词汇注释：prevention [pn'venfh] n.防止；预防 fraud十儿欺诈；骗子
................. cope 丈[kaop]讨.应对，处理 issue * ['iju:] 〃.问题 vt.".发行
❺ A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic trail that contains a large amount
of personal data.更令人担忧的是，在使用电子方式进行支付时会留下含有大量个人数据的电子踪迹。
A further concern is...（主+系+表从）
句子主干 "hat引导的表语从句
that the use...leaves an electronic trail
介词短语作后置定语J修饰the use
of electronic means of payment
—级修饰 that引导的定语从句，修饰an electronic trail
that contains a large amount of personal data.
词汇注释:trail *[treil] 踪迹；足迹；小路 contain [kon'tem] w.含有；克制
❻ There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our
privacy.有人担心，政府、雇主和营销人员可能能够访问这些数据，从而侵犯我们的隐私。
102句子主干 There are concerns （There be句型：There + are +主）
[that引导的同位语从句，解释说明concerns
一级修饰 that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data,
[现在分词短语作结果状语
二级修饰 thereby violating our privacy.
i词汇注释i thereby * [.des'bai] ad.从而，因此 violate * ['vaisleit] vt.侵犯；违反
Section H Reading Comprehension
〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃//〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃//
Text 1
I
第一段
❶ In an essay entitled "Making It in America," the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just
how much a modem textile mill has been Automated: The average mill has only two employees today, "a man and a
dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines."在《美国制造》
一文中，作者亚当•戴维森讲述了一个关于棉产区的笑话，内容涉及某现代纺织厂的自动化程度：如今该普
通纺织厂只有两名员工，“一个人和一条狗。人负责喂狗，狗负责让人远离机器。”
—级修饰 In an essay entitled "Making It in America,"
j介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，修饰ajoke] ■
about just how much...automated:
-级修饰 解释说明a joke
The average mill has only two employees today,
解释说明two employees |
二级修饰 "a man and a dog.
解释说明a man |
The man is there to feed the dog,
三级修饰 解释说明a dog
and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines."
要点注释 介词短语about...中，how much引导的宾语从句，作about的宾语；在引号所述内容中，第二个
and连接两个并列的简单句，动词不定式短语to feed the dog和to keep the man...分别作两个分句
的目的状语。
词汇注释、'、、、entitle *[mftaitl] vt.给……题名 relate ☆ [n'leit] vt.讲述；联系
textile * ftekstail] 〃.纺织品 automate ro^tsmeit] vt.使自动化
average * ['aevsnd3] 口普通的几平均数 feed*[fi：d]w.喂养；养活
第二段
O Davidson's article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have
such stubbornly high unemploymeiit and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in
demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information
technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.戴维森的这
篇文章只是近期出现的诸多文章中的一篇，这些文章都指出：目前失业率居高不下以及中产阶级收入减少，
很大程度上是因为经济大衰退引起的需求大幅下降，但这当中也有全球化发展和信息技术革命进步的推波助
澜一机器或外籍工人以前所未有的速度替代了本土劳动力。
103句子主干 Davidson's article is 岌& 巴辿坦蒙匣55 （主+系+表）
that引导的定语从句，修饰pieces [
that have recently appeared
一级修饰 现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰pieces
making the point
that引导的同位语从句，[解释说明the point
that the reason...is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession,
二级修饰 | but连接的并列句
but it is also because of the advances
省略关系词（why/that）的定语从句，修饰the reason
we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the advances
三级修饰 in both globalization and the information technology revolution,
which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰the advances
which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.
词汇注释 stubbornly ['stAbsnli] ad.顽固地 unemployment * [^nim'ploimsnt] n.失业
decline * [dfklam] vi./n.减少，下降 y.谢绝 globalization [.ghubslai'zeijh] n.全球化
revolution * [jevo'lujh] n.革命；大变革 rapidly [Yaepidli] ad.迅速地
第三段
O In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle.过去， 工人具备一般的
技能，做一份普通的工作，就能过上普通的生活。
—级修饰 In the past,
］介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 workers...could earn an^v^ragejifestyk.（主+谓+宾）
［介词短语作后置定语，修饰workers
with average skills,
—级修饰 现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰workers
doing an average job,
词汇注释 earn * [3：n] v.赚得；挣钱讥博得 lifestyle [laifstail] n.生活方式
Q But, today, average is officially over.但如今，平庸时代已正式结束。
句子主干 But, today, average is officially over.（主+系+表）
i词汇注释i officially ［^fijali］ ad.正式地；据公布
❸Being average just won't earn you what it used to.表现平平根本无法再让你过上普通的生活。
Being average just won't earn you （主+谓+间宾+直宾）
句子主干 what引导的宾语从句，［作won't earn的直接宾语
what it used to （earn）.
❹ It can't when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor,
cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius.当更多的雇主有更多的渠道去获取更多中
等以上水平的廉价外国劳动力、廉价机器人、廉价软件、廉价自动化设备和廉价天才时，表现平庸将难以
立足。
104It can9t （earn you）（主+谓+间宾+直宾）
句子主干 [what引导的宾语从句，作can't earn的直接宾语
（what it used to earn）
when引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
一级修饰 when so many more employers have so much more access
介词短语作后置定语，修饰access]
二级修饰 to so much more above average cheap foreign labor,...and cheap genius.
要点注释 本句是省略句，补充完整为It can't earn you what it used to earn when...geniuso其中主语It指代上
―'句的 Being average o
词汇注释 access * faekses] 〃.门路；机会讨.到达 robotics [rsu'bntiks] n.机器人；机器人技术
automation * [Q：to'me血]n.自动化 genius ☆ [^imias] n.天才；天赋
© Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever
is their field of employment.因此，人人都需要发现自身的额外价值-能让自己在任何从事的工作领域中脱颖
而出的独特价值贡献。
句子主干 Therefore, everyone needs tofind^ttieir^extra （主+谓+宾）
their extra的同位语[
—级修饰 —their unique value contribution
that引导的定语从句,j修饰their.. .contribution
二级修饰 that makes them stand out
|介词短语作地点状语
三级修饰 in whatever is their field of employment.
要点注释:介词短语in whatever...中,whatever引导的宾语从句，作介词in的宾语。
词汇注释：extra * ['ekstrs] n.额外的事物q.额外的 unique * [ju*ni:k] a.独特的；独一无二的
contribution 玄' LkDntifbjuJh] n.贡献；捐赠 stand out 出色；突出
第四段]
❶ Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will,是的,新技术一直在吞噬工作岗位，而且将会一
直持续下去。
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever,（主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓宾
and always will （eat jobs）.
❷But there's been an acceleration.但现在已呈加速趋势o
句子主干 But there9s been an acceleration. （There be句型：there + has been + 主）
❸ As Davidson notes, "In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U. S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all
the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—
disappeared."如戴维森所言，“在截至2009年的十年间，美国工厂裁员的速度如此之快，以至于基本抵消了
过去70年所有的新增工人数量；大概有三分之一（共约600万）的制造业岗位消失了。”
105that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years;
so...that引导的结果状语从句，作（1 ）句的结果状语
一级修饰 In the 10 years ending in 2009,
介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
As Davidson notes,
,,
句子主干
一级修饰
要点注释
词菸主释
| ] As引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明句子主干
（1） "...[U. S.] factories shed workers so fast （主+谓+宾）
|并列句
（2） roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs...disappeared."（主+谓）
，插入语，补充说明roughly one...jobs
——about 6 million in total——
As引导的非限定性定语从句中，As指代引号中的内容，在从句中作notes的宾语。
shed * [Jed] vt.去除 n.小屋 erase 丈[i'reiz] vt.抹去；擦掉
previous * ['pri:vi9s] a.以前的；稍前的 manufacturing [.maenjuTaekybng] n.制造业
第五段〕
❶ There will always be change—new jobs, new products, new services.变化将会永远存在---新工作、新产品和新服务。
句子主干 There will always be change （There be句型：There + will...be + 主）
插入语,[解释说明change
—级修饰 ~~new jobs, new products, new services.
❷ But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the 1. T. revolution, the best jobs will
require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.但我们可以确信的一点是，随
着全球化的每一步发展和信息技术革命的每一次进步，最优的岗位都将要求员工接受更多、更优质的教育，
以使他们从普通人中脱颖而出。
—级修饰 we know for sure
[省略关系词（that）的定语从句，修饰the one thing
But the one thing...is...（主+系+表从）
句子主干 [that引导的表语从句
that...the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education
[ with独立主格结构作表语从句的伴随状语
with each advance in globalization and the I. T. revolution,
一级修饰 动词不定式短语作表语从句的目的状语
to make themselves above average.
「要店5主释]本句须区别两个不定式短语在表语从句中的不同作用：动词不定式短语to have more and better
education作宾语workers的补足语；to make themselves above average则为表语从句的目的状语。
第六段
O In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing
would be more important than passing some kind of G. I. Bill for the 21" century that ensures that every American has
access to post-high school education.在平庸已正式终结的世界里，我们需要做很多事情来帮助就业，但在21世纪，
没有什么比通过《美国退伍军人权利法案》之类的法案更重要了，这类法案能确保每个美国人都有机会接受
高中后教育。
106二级修饰 where average is officially over,
where引导的定语从句，修饰a world
we need to do to support employment,
—级修饰 省略关系词（which/that）的定语从句，修饰many things
In a world
[介词短语作状语“
（1） there are many things （There be句型：there+are+主）
句子主干 | but连接的并列句，表转折
（2） but nothing would be more important （主+系+表）
than...作（2）句的比较状语|
一级修饰 than passing some kind of G. I. Bill for the 21sl century
that引导的定语从句j修饰G. 1. Bill
二级修饰 that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.
要点注释 that引导的定语从句that ensures...中嵌套了一个that引导的宾语从句，作ensures的宾语。
词汇注释 employment * [im'pbimsnt] n.就业；受雇 ensure * [m'J'u9（r）] vt.确保；保证
Text 2
a
第一段
❶ A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. 一个世纪前，横跨大西洋
来到美国的移民包括定居者和旅居者。
-级修饰 A century ago,
[名词短语作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 the immigrants...included settlers and sojourners.（主+谓+宾）
|介词短语作后置定语,修饰the immigrants
—级修饰 from across the Atlantic
词汇注释 immigrant * [^migront] n.（外来）移民；外侨 sojourner [,SDd39na] n.旅居者；寄居者
❷ Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to
stay, and who would make some money and then go home,很多人到美国是为了在这里永久地安家落户，除了他们，
也有一些人无意长留于此，打算赚些钱后便返回家乡。
and who would make some money and then go home.
—级修饰 | and连接并列的定语从句
who had no intention to stay,
who引导的定语从句，修饰those ]
句子主干 Along with the many folks...came those （倒装句：谓+主）
现在分词短语作后置定语，[修饰the many folks
—级修饰 looking to make a permanent home
介词短语作地点状语[
二级修饰 in the United States
要点注释 当介词短语作状语位于句首，后面跟的是come、sit、live、stand、lie、exist等不及物动词时,
常常引起倒装，其形式为全部倒装。例：Out of sadness comes the awakening.从悲伤中清醒过来。
本句中，句子主干正属于此例，其正常语序为"Those who...came along with...folks” o
词汇注释i look to do sth.希望做某事，期待做某事 permanent * ['ps.mansnt] a.永久的；永恒的
intention * [m^enfh] 〃.打算；计划；目的
107© Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. 1908 年到 1915 年间，大约有
700万人到达美国，而离开的约有200万人。
一级修饰 Between 1908 and 1915,
1介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
（l）about 7 million people arrived （主+谓）
句子主干 | while连接的并列句，表对比
（2）while about 2 million （people） departed.（主+谓）
❹ About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good.例如，大约有四分之一-
的意大利移民最终永久返回了意大利。
一级修饰 for example,
1插入语
句子主干 About...immigrants,...eventually returned to Italy for good.（主+谓）
:词汇注释:eventually [i'ventfuali] ad.最终；最后；终于 for good永久地；永远地
❺ They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio," birds of passage.他们甚至有个亲切的昵称 Uuccelli
di passaggio”，意为“候鸟”。
句子主干 They even had anj^fection^ejmrknanw,（主+谓+宾）
an affectionate nickname的同位语 T .
一级修饰 “uccelli di passaggio,"
j 解释说明“uccelli di passaggio”
二级修饰 birds of passage.
:词汇注释:affectionate [9*fekfbn9t] a.温柔亲切的 nickname * ['mkneim] n.绰号
bird of passage （X birds of passage ） 候鸟
❶ Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants.现在,我们对待移民更加严格。
句子主干 Today, we are much more rigid （主+系+表）
介词短语作状语J表对象
一级修饰 about immigrants.
[理匚〉主释」rigid * fndsid] a.严格的；固执的；坚硬的
@We divide newcomers into two categories： legal or illegal, good or bad.我们把新移民分为两类：合法或非法,好或坏。
句子主干 We divide newcwners into two categories：（主+谓+宾+宾补）
解释说明 two categories |
—级修饰 legal or illegal, good or bad.
:词汇注释:category * fkaetagsri] n.种类；类别；范畴
❸ We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out.我们或称赞他们为"未来的美国
人”，或将其归于“需要驱逐的异族”。
108—级修饰 in the making,
介词短语作后置定语，［修饰Americans
We hail thern as Americans （主+谓+宾+宾补）
句子主干 | or连接的并列谓宾
or brand them as aliens
［动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰aliens
一级修饰 to be kicked out.
「商汇至释:hail虫［heil］ w.赞扬（或称颂）〃.冰雹 alien☆ feilisn］几外国人a.外国的
❹ That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how
to fix it.这种观点已经在很大程度上导致我们的移民制度漏洞百出，也致使政府在“如何修正这一制度”方面
长期处于瘫痪状态。 ~
That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 and连接的并列宾语|
and the long political paralysis
介词短语作后置定语J修饰paralysis
—级修饰 over how to fix it.
:要点注释:在介词短语over how to fix it中，how +动词不定式短语作介词over的宾语。
:词汇注释:framework* pfreimwa^] n.观点，信仰，准则 contribute * [kan'tnbju:t] vi.是... 的原因之一
mightily fmaitili] ad.很大程度上；非常 paralysis [pa'raebsis] n.瘫痪；麻痹
❺ We don't need more categories, but we need to change die way we think about categories.我们不需要更多的分类，但
要改变对分类的思考方式。
（l）We don5t need more categories,（主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | but连接的并列句，表转折
⑵but we need'也曲空匪也％竺（主+谓+宾）
[省略（in which）或关系词（that）的定语从句，修饰the way
—级修饰 we think about categories.
❻We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal.我们需要超越对移民合法与非法的严格定义来看待问题。
句子主干 We need tojook （主+谓+宾）
|介词短语作状语
一级修饰 beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal.
"司元主释.definition* Ldeffmjh] n.定义；解释
❼ To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas.首先，我们可以认可
那些在灰色地带生活并繁荣发展的新“候鸟”。
一级修饰 To start,
__________ [插入语
句子主干 we can recognize由gj以空虫坐匹jg竺竺壁，（主+谓+宾）
[the new birds of passage 的同位语
—级修饰 those living and thriving in the gray areas.
:要点注释'：those...中，现在分词短语living and thriving in the gray areas作后置定语，修饰thoseo
:词汇注释:recognize * [Yekagnaiz] vt.认可；认出；承认 thrive * [Oraiv] vi.繁荣；茁壮成长
❽We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.然后我们才可能着手解决在移民方面所面临的挑战。
句子主干 We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.（主+谓+宾）
109a
第三段]
O Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are
among today's birds of passage.现今的"候鸟”中，有农作物收割工、小提琴手、建筑工人、企业家、工程师、
家庭护工和物理学家。
句子主干 Crop pickers, violinists,...and physicists are among today's birds of passage.（主+系+表）
要点注释 and连接7个并列的名词（短语）作本句的主语。
词汇注释 construction [kon^trAkfh] n.建筑；建造物 entrepreneur [^ntrsprs'ns^r）] n.企业家
❷ They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas.受工作、金钱和观
念流动的驱使，他们成为全球经济的积极参与者。
一级修饰 in a global economy
:介词短语作后置定语，修饰energetic participants
句子主干 They are 竺哭斐Qgg孩（主+系+表）
过去分词短语作后置定语J修饰energetic participants
-级修饰 driven by the flow of work, money and ideas.
词汇注释 energetic * Len」d3etik] a.积极的；精力充沛的 participant * [pa:'tisipant] n.参与者
global fgloubl] a.全球的；整体的 drive * [draiv]讨.驱使；迫使v.开车
© They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them.他们更愿意跟随机会的召唤或来或走。
句子主干 They prefer to come and go (主+谓+宾)
as引导的时间状语从句j作时间状语
一级修饰 as opportunity calls them.
「蹄匚注释I prefer *[pnT3：(r)]w.更喜欢；偏好 opportunity * [.npa^urnati] n.机会；时机
❹They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.他们可以设法在一个地方立业，在另一个地方安家。
句子主干 They can manage to have a job...and （to have） a family （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作地点状语[ |介词短语作地点状语
—级修饰 in one place in another （place）.
第四段
❶ With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease.不管有或没有许可，他们都
能轻松跨越法律、管辖区域和身份的藩篱。
_级修饰 With or without permission,
i介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease.（主+谓+宾）
词汇注释 permission * [ps'mifh] «.许可；批准；许可证 straddle ['straedl] vt.跨越；骑；跨坐
jurisdiction [.djuans'diklh] n.管辖区域；司法权 identity* [ai'dentsti] n.身份；特征
@ We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing
themselves to staying forever.我们需要他们将美国想象为一个无须承诺永久居住就能短暂创造价值的地方。
110句子主干 We need them to imagine the United States as a place （主+谓+宾+宾补）
where引导的定语从句，修饰a place T
—级修饰 where they can be productive for a while
介词短语作伴随状语[
二级修饰 without committing themselves to staying forever.
要点注释 在动词不定式短语to imagine...a place中,the United States作imagine的宾语，介词短语as a
place 作 the United States 的补足语。
词汇注释 productive * [prs'dAktiv] a.富有成效的；生产的 commit * [ka'mit] vt.承诺；犯罪
© We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.我们需
要让他们感觉家可以在美国，也可以在自己的祖国，而且他们可以体面地属于两个国家。
We need them to feel （主+谓+宾+宾补） .
句子主干
| that引导的宾语从句，作feel的宾语
that home can be both here and there
| and连接并列的宾语从句
and 由at they can belong to two nations honorably.
词汇注释 nation 宏['neijn] 〃.国家；民族 honorably [•nnorabli] ad.体面地；可尊敬地
a
第五段］
O Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.
要适应这个人员流动的新世界，需要移民之争的双方都持有新的态度。
—级修饰 of people in motion
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰this new world
句子主干 Accommodating this new world...will require new attitudes （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，修饰new attitudes
-级修饰
|
on both sides of the immigration battle.
词汇注释 accommodate^ [s'knmodeit] vt.使... 适应；容纳 motion * ['maujh] n.移动；动作；提议
require * [n*kwai9（r）] vt.需要;要求；规定 attitude [*aetitju:d] n.态度；看法；姿势
@ Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that
managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to
accomplish legally in the existing system.超越这种非对即错的文化战争逻辑来看待问题，意味着要开辟中间地
带，并意识到当今的移民管理需要多种途径和多样化的结果，其中包含一些现有移民制度下通过法律难以达
成的途径和结果。
—级修饰 of right or wrong
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰the culture war logic
Looking beyond the culture war logic...means opening...and understanding （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 that引导的宾语从句，作understanding的宾语［
that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes,
水卜充说明 multiple paths and multip . le outc . omes i
一级修饰 including some
that引导的定语从句，修饰some t
二级修饰 that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.
词汇注释 multiple * fmAltipl] a.多种多样的 accomplish * [g^mplif] w.达到；完成；实现Text 3
第一段
O Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we
are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.科学家发现，
虽然我们易于做出快速过度反应，但是，如果花些时间思考下我们可能会做出怎样的反应，就能减少甚至消
除快速本能反应的负面影响。
Scientists have found （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作have found的宾语
that...we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.
| although引导的让步状语从句，作宾语从句的让步状语
although we are prone to snap overreactions,
if引导的条件状语从句，作宾语从句的条件状语
一级修饰 if we take a moment and think about
how引导的宾语从句，[作think about的宾语
how we are likely to react,
要点注释 that引导的宾语从句中，介词短语of our quick, hard-wired responses作后置定语，修饰the negative
effects o
词汇注释 prone * [prsun] a.易于••…•的 snap * [snaep] a.匆忙的，仓促的
overreaction [.suvan'aektjh] n.过度反应 negative ★ ['negstiv] a.负面的；坏的
第二段〕
O Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms； if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and
bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds.快速决定可能是重要的防御机制；如果要判断某
人是否具有危险性，我们的大脑和身体就会在几毫秒内本能地做出快速反应。
（1） Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;（主+系+表）
|并列句
句子主干
（2） our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly,（主+系+表）
[if引导的条件状语从句，作（2）句的条件状语
if we are judging whether someone is dangerous,
一级修饰 介词短语作（2）句的时间状语
within milliseconds.
要点注释 （2 ）句中，动词不定式短语to react very quickly作状语。一级修饰中，whether引导的宾语从句，
作are judging的宾语。
词汇注释 defense * [dffens] n.防御；保护；辩护 mechanism * ['mekamzam] n.机制；方法
hard-wired [ha:d'wai3d] a.固有的；基本的；硬接线的 millisecond fmilisekand] n.毫秒
❷But we need more time to assess other factors.但是,我们需要更多的时间来评估其他因素。
句子主干 But we need more time （主+谓+宾）
j动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
—级修饰 to assess other factors.
词汇注释 assess * [s'ses]讨.评估；估算；评定 factor * ['faekts（r）] n.因素；要素
© To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five.研究表明， 要
准确判断某人是否友善，我们至少需要一分钟，五分钟更好。
112To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,
]动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
句子主干 ...we need at least ajninute,（主+谓+宾）
[插入语
studies show,
—级修饰 补充说明a minute
preferably five.
要点注释 动词不定式短语To accurately...中，whether引导的宾语从句作tell的宾语。preferably five补充说
明句子主干中的a minuteo
词汇注释 sociable ['soujbbl] a.友好的；好交际的 preferably ['prefrsbli] ad.更好地；最好是
❹ It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.要评判某人性格的
复杂面，如神经质还是心胸开阔，则会花上一段时间。
It takes a while （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 It为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语
to judge complex aspects of personality,
举例说明complex aspects of personality
一级修饰
|
like neuroticism or open-mindedness.
词汇注释 complex * ['knmpleks] a.复杂的；难懂的 personality* [.ps^s'naelati] n.性格；个性
neuroticism [njus'rDtasizsm] 申经质 open-mindedness [.supan 'maindidnss]儿心、胸开阔
a
第三段
❶ But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm.但是，因瞬间刺激而做出
快速决定并不仅限于人际关系范畴。
一级修饰 in reaction to rapid stimuli
I介词短语作后置定语，修饰snap decisions
句子主干 But snap decisions...aren't exclusive (主+系+表)
[介词短语作状语，修饰exclusive
一级修饰 to the interpersonal realm.
词汇注释 rapid * fraepid] a.快速的；快捷的 stimulus [^timjslss] n. (pl. stimuli)刺激；激励因素
exclusive * [ik'sklu:siv] a.排外的；独占的 realm * [relm] n.范围；领域；王国
❷ Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to
read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating.多伦多大学的心理学家发现，尽管阅读与用
餐几乎无关，但仅注视快餐标识几毫秒就会使我们的阅读速度提高20%。
at the University of Toronto
:介词短语作后置定语，修饰Psychologists
Psychologists.. .found （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作found的宾语
that viewing a fast-food logo...primes us to read 20 percent faster,
I介词短语作宾语从句的时间状语
fbr just a few milliseconds
一级修饰 even though引导的让步状语从句, 作宾语从句的让步状语
even though reading has little to do with eating.
词汇注释 view* [vju:]w.观看；察看；以... 看待prime * [praim] vt.使（某人）为....做准备主要的
❸ We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're
doing.我们下意识地将快餐与速度、急躁联系起来，并将这些冲动带入我们正在做的其他任何事情当中。
113—级修饰 with speed and impatience
[介词短语作状语，表对象
unconsciously associate fast food （主+谓+宾）
句子主干
| and连接的并列谓宾
and carry those impulses into
whatever引导的宾语从句作into的宾语
whatever else we're doing.
词汇注释 unconsciously [An'knnfssli] ad.无意地 associate * [a'ssufieit] w.联系；联想 vi.交往
impatience [im'pei|hs] n.急躁；不耐烦 impulse * ['impAls] n.冲动；刺激；脉冲
❹ Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.受试者在闪烁的快餐标识影响
下，也往往会认为一首乐曲持续的时间太长。
一级修饰 exposed to fast-food flashes
[过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Subjects
Subjects...also tend to think （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，:作tend to think的宾语
a musical piece lasts too long.
词汇注释 expose * [ik'spsuz] vt.使处于... 的影响之下；使暴露 flash [flaef] n.闪现；闪光灯；闪亮
❶Yet we can reverse such influences.不过，我们可以扭转这类影响。
句子主干 Yet we can reverse such influences.（主+谓+宾）
:词汇注释！ reverse* [if V3：s] w.使反转；撤销；交换 influence * ['mflusns] n.影响；作用
@ If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face （one reason good sales
representatives and real estate agents are always smiling）, we can take a moment before buying.如果我们知道，当
自己看见一张笑脸时就会对消费产品或者房产选择做出过度反应（这是优秀的销售代表和房地产代理人总是
在微笑的原因之一），那么我们就可以在购买之前等一等。
句子主干 we can take ^moment before buying.（主+谓+宾）
__________ [if引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语
，•，芯L，用卢,，--，，，，站’
If we know
一级修饰 [省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作know的宾语
we will overreact to consumer products or housing options
■ [when引导的时间状语从句，作宾语从句的时间状语
when we see a happy face
二级修饰 补充说明宾语从句
（one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling）,
要楼主释 二级修饰（one reason...smiling）中含有一个省略关系词（that ）的定语从句，修饰one reasono
i希主释 option * ['npjh] n.选择；选择权；选项 representative * [^epn'zentstiv] n.代表
estate * [fsteit] 地产；个人财产；遗产 agent * ['eidsant] n.代理人，经纪人；代理商
❸ If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners
understand their biases一or hire outside screeners.如果我们知道,女性招聘官更可能拒绝有魅力的女性求职者，
我们就可以帮助这些招聘官认识她们的偏见，或聘请外部招聘官。
114female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants,
一级修饰 [省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作know的宾语
If we know
[ If引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语
we can help screeners understand their biases （主+谓+宾+宾补）
句子主干 | or连接的并列谓宾
—~ r （can） hire outside screeners.
要点注释 省略引导词（that）的宾语从句 female job...applicants 中，female job screeners 作主语，are...likely
to reject 作谓语，attractive female applicants 作宾语。
词汇注释 screener ['skrim(r)]儿筛选器；过滤网(文中引申为“招聘官”)
reject* [rfd3ekt] vt.拒绝；不录取；排斥 attractive * [a'traektiv] a.有魅力的；妩媚的
applicant ['aephksnt] n.申请人 bias^ ['baias] n.偏见；偏爱
hire* rhai9(r)]w.聘用；雇用；租用
第五段
O John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly "thin slice" information reliably only after we ground such
snap reactions in "thick sliced" long-term study.婚姻专家约翰•戈特曼解释说，我们只有把这种快速反应建立在
对大量信息进行长期研究的基础之上，才能快速可靠地剖析信息。
—级修饰 the marriage expert,
]John Gottman的同位语
John Gottman,...explains （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作explains的宾语
that we quickly "thin slice" information reliably
1 after引导的时间状语从句，作宾语从句的时间状语
—级修饰 only after we ground such snap reactions
介词短语作状语|
二级修饰 in "thick sliced" long-term study.
词汇注释 reliably * [rflaiabli] ad.可靠地；确实地 ground * [graond]讥建立在...基础上；使搁浅
❷ When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a
much longer evaluation： two days, not two seconds.当戈特曼博士真正想要评估一对夫妻是否会共同生活时，他会
邀请这对夫妻到自己小岛上的休养所待上两天，而不是两秒，以进行一个更为长期的评估。
whether a couple will stay together,
whether引导的宾语从句，[作assess的宾语
一级修饰
When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess
| When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 he invites them to his island retreat （主+谓+宾）
[介词短语作句子主干的目的状语
for a much longer evaluation：
I 补充说明 a much longer evaluation
二级修饰 two days, not two seconds.
商疝主释
retreat* [n'tril] 休养所；隐居处 evaluation [i4vaelju*eijh] n. ;评价
第六段
❶ Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about
the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.我们能够通过暂停来减弱本能反应，这种能力使我们有别于动
物：狗只能间歇地或者持续几分钟时间去思考未来。
115—级修饰 to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing
l动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰Our ability
句子主干 Our ability...is what differentiates us from animals:（主+系+表从）
[举例说明句子主干
—级修饰 dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.
:词汇注释:mute^ [mju:t] vt.减弱；缓解；消音 pause ★ [paz] w.使停顿讶暂停；停顿
differentiate * [.difa'renfieit] v.区别；辨别 intermittently [.intg^itantli] ad.间歇地
@ But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term.但从历史上看，我们大约
花费人生中12%的时间去思考更长远的事。
句子主干 But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days （主+谓+宾）
[介词短语作状语
—级修饰 （in） contemplating the longer term.
i 词汇注释 i historically [hi'stDnkli] ad.在历史上；历史地 contemplate^ fkpntsmpleit] vt.考虑 v.深思熟虑
❸ Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn，t changed our nature.尽管科技可能改变我们的反应方式，
但是它并没有改变我们的本性。
二级修饰 we react,
省略（in which ）或关系词（that）的定语从句，［修饰the way
一级修饰 Although technology might change the way
j Although引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 it hasn't changed our nature.（主+谓+宾）
❹ We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.我们仍然有丰富
的想象力去抵制诱惑并扭转这种快速反应的趋势。
句子主干 We still have the imaginative capacity （主+谓+宾）
动词不定式短语作后置定语，:修饰the imaginative capacity
to rise above temptation
I and连接并列的动词不定式短语
—级修饰
and （to） reverse the high-speed trend.
词汇注释 imaginative * [I'maedsmstiv] a.富有想象力的 capacity * [ks^aesati] n.能力；生产量
rise above克服；不受... 的影响 temptation ☆ [temp0fh] 〃.诱惑；诱惑物
Text 4
a
第一段
❶Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.欧洲并非性别平等的天堂。
句子主干 Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.（主+系+表）
❷ In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior
management decisions, and Europe's top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.特别是，除非
女性能够参与到高层管理决策中，否则职场将永远不会完全成为家庭友好型场所，而欧洲的企业高管职位仍
然是男性占绝大多数。
116until women are part of senior management decisions,
-级修饰 until引导的时间状语从句，作（1 ）句的时间状语
In particular,
:插入语 ，，
（1） the corporate workpiece will never be completely family-friendly （主+系+表）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
（2） and Europe's top corporate-governance positions remain...mdje.（主+系+表）
i词汇注盛i in particular特别；尤其；特殊的；专门的 corporate ['ko^arat] 公司的；共同的
completely [kom'pli:tli] ad.完全地；彻底地 overwhelmingly [.auvs'welmigli] ad.压倒性地
❸ Indeed, women hold only 14 per cent of positions on European corporate boards.事实上，女性在欧洲企业的董事会
中只占有14%的席位。
句子主干 Indeed, women hold 竺质些£5155515£5??^^!?四! （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语,[修饰positions
—级修饰 on European corporate boards.
顶以主释」 hold * [hsuld] vt.持有；拿着 board * [bo:d] n.董事会；木板
O The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of
women一up to 60 per cent.欧盟目前正在考虑通过立法来迫使企业董事会保有一定比例的女性-该比例可高
达 60%。
句子主干 The European Union is now considering legislation （主胃+宾）
［动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
—级修饰 to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women
t 补充说明 a certain proportion of women
二级修饰 ―up to 60 per cent.
legislation * [JedsisleiJh] n.立法；法规；法律 compel ☆ [kom，pel] w.迫使；强迫
maintain * [mem'tem] vt.保持；维修；保养 proportion * [pra^o:]!!] n.比例；部分；份额
@ This proposed mandate was born of frustration.这一拟议指令源于一次挫折。
句子主干 This proposed mandate was born of frustration.（主+谓+宾）
:词汇注释！ mandate ['maendeit] n.指令讨.强制执行 frustration [frA'streiJh] n.挫折；阻止；懊恼
© Last year, European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action.去年，欧盟委员会
副主席薇薇安•瑞丁发起了一项自愿行动的号召。
一级修饰 European Commission Vice President
[Viviane Reding的同位语
句子主干 Last year,...Viviane Reding issued acall （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语J修饰a call
—级修饰 to voluntary action.
:词汇注释« issue [*iju:] vt.发出；宣布；出版 voluntary * [^lantri] a.自愿的；无偿的
❹ Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of 40 per cent female board membership.瑞丁邀请各
企业参与实现女性在董事会中占40%的性别平衡目标。
117句子主干 Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals （主+谓+宾+宾补）
介词of引出goals的同位语[
-级修饰 of 40 per cent female board membership.
；词汇注释•: corporation * [.ko^sYeiJh] n.企业；法人 membership 丈['membsfip] n.全体成员人数
❺ But her appeal was considered a failure： only 24 companies took it up.但她的呼吁被认为是失败的：只有 24 家企
业接受了其呼吁。
—级修饰 a failure:
|名词短语作her appeal的补足语
句子主干 But her appeal was considered （主+谓）
［解释说明句子主干
—级修饰 only 24 companies took it up.
i词汇注释 appeal * ［a'pi:!］ 〃.呼吁；吸引力；上诉 failure *［-feilj9（r）］ n.失败；故障；失灵
a
第三段
O Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and
family?我们需要定额来确保女性在平衡工作和家庭的同时能够继续公平地攀登企业晋升的阶梯吗？
"句子主干 Do we need quotas （—般疑问句：助动词+主+谓语动词+宾）
［动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
一级修饰 to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly
as引导的时间状语从句，|作宾语从句的时间状语
二级修饰 as they balance work and family?
:要点注释 动词不定式短语to ensure...中嵌套一个that引导的宾语从句,作ensure的宾语。
i词汇注释 quota ★ ['kwgota] n.定额；限额 ladder丈［*laed0（r）］ n.（事业上或机构中晋升的）阶梯
a
第四段
❶“Personally, I don't like quotas," Reding said recently."就个人而言，我不喜欢定额，”瑞丁最近表示。
"Personally, I don't like quotas,"
[直接引语作said的宾语
句子主干
Reding said recently.（宾+主+ 谓）
© “But I like what the quotas do.，，"但我喜欢定额所起的作用。”
“But Hike （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 | what引导的宾语从句，作like的宾语
what the quotas do."
:要点注释 本句在逻辑上与❶句共同作said的宾语。
© Quotas get action: they "open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling," according to Reding, a
result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.
据瑞丁所言，定额会引发行动：它们“开启了通往平等的道路，并冲破了无形的晋升障碍”，这样的效果已
可见于通过法律规定女性在企业高层中应占有席位的法国和其他国家。
118句子主干 Quotas get action:（主+谓+宾）
_______ j解释说明
一级修饰 they "open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,"
_________ |插入语
according to Reding,
二级修饰 补充说明
a result seen in France and other countries
介词短语作后置定语J修饰France and other countries
三级修饰 with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.
要点注释:介词短语 with legally...中，on placing women in top business positions 作后置定语，修饰 provisionso
词汇注释i break through冲破；突破；显现 provision * [prs'v^n] n.规定；供给；提供
第五段
❶ I understand Reding's reluctance—and her frustration.我理解瑞丁的不情愿，以及她的挫败感。
句子主干 I understand 些虫（主+谓+宾）
「要岳主魅]破折号在这里的作用是加强重点，强调herfrustrationo
@ I don't like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable.我也不喜欢
定额；它们有悖于我所信仰的精英管理制度，即能者居之。
（1） 1 don5t like quotas either;（主+谓+宾）
句子主干
I并列句
（2） they run counter to my belief in meritocracy,（主+谓+宾）
解释说明meritocracy |
一级修饰 governance by the capable.
「浦己主释 meritocracy [^erftnkrasi] n.英才管理制度 governance ['gAvsnsns] n.管理；统治方式
© But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be
temporarily ordered.但是，当考虑到实现精英管理制度的理想所面临的阻碍时，确实似乎必须暂时地强制建
立一个更为公平的社会。
二级修饰 to achieving the meritocratic ideal,
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰the obstacles
—级修饰 when one considers the obstacles
|when引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
But,...it does look...（主+系+表从）
句子主干 [as if引导的表语从句
as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.
:词汇注释！ obstacle ['nbstakl] n.阻碍；妨碍；障碍物 temporarily ['temprsrsli] ad.暂时地；短暂地
第六段
❶ After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the
meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions——no matter how much "soft pressure" is put upon them.
毕竟，四十年的证据现已表明，欧洲和美国的企业都在规避精英选才，避免将女性晋升至高层——无论给他
们施加多大的“软压力”。
119After all, four decades of evidence has now shown （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 that引导的宾语从句，[作has...shown的宾语
that corporations...are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰corporations
in Europe as well as the US
介词短语作后置定语，修饰promotion
一级修饰 of women to top positions
no matter how引导的让步状语从句,作宾语从句的让步状语
—no matter how much usoft pressure" is put upon them.
词汇注释；evade *[i'veid]w.规避；躲避；逃脱 promotion [prs'maujh] n.晋升；晋级；推广
❷ When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at
Facebook一they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.当女性确实冲破阻
碍到达企业权力的顶峰时——例如，就像雪莉-桑德伯格最近在Facebook所做的那样一-她们就会备受瞩目，
这正是因为她们仍然属于规则中的例外。
二级修饰 一as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—
__________ [举例说明
—级修饰 When women do break through to the summit of corporate power
| When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 *ey attract massiye^ttent^ （主+谓+宾）
[ because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语
—级修饰 precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.
词汇注释 summit丈[*SAmit] n.顶峰；山顶；峰会 attract虫[a'traekt] w.吸引;引起... 的兴趣
massive* fmaesiv] a.巨大的；非常严重的 precisely [pn'saisli] ad.正是；恰好地；准确地
第七段]
O If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children's caregivers—and all
families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.
如果能够实施适当的公共政策来帮助所有女性一一无论是企业总裁还是她们孩子的看护者——以及所有的家
庭，那么，在一个更为公平的社会里，桑德伯格就不会比任何其他卓越人士更具有报道价值了。
二级修饰 一whether CEOs or their children's caregivers—
插入语，[补充说明women
—级修饰 If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women...and all families,
I If引导的条件状语从句,作句子主干的条件主语
句子主干 Sandberg would be no more newsworthy （主+系+表）
than…作比较状语[
_级修饰 than any other highly capable person
现在分词短语作后置定语,[修饰person
二级修饰 living in a more just society.
词汇注释 appropriate * [a'prsupriat] a.恰当的；合适的 public * [*pAblik] a.公共的；政府的
caregiver ['keggiv9（r）] n.看护者,护理者 newsworthy ['nju:zw3：6i] a.值得报道的
120Part B
////////////////✓///////////////////////////////////////////
第一段
O The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits.
广受欢迎的博客“穷光蛋美食家”记录了托尼如何在靠救济金度日的情况下平衡自己对美食的热爱。
The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 how引导的宾语从句，作chronicles的宾语]
how Tony balances his love of good food
介词短语作宾语从句的状语j
—级修饰 with living on benefits.
:词汇注释:popular^ [0）pjm（r）]。・受欢迎的；通俗的 foodie [知：di]札美食家；偏爱饮食的人
chronicle ['kromkl] vt.记录；记载 balance 1 ['baelans] v.使均衡；使持平
@ After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a year
working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants at least twice a week.支付完各种账单后，
托尼每周只剩下60英镑可供花销，其中40英镑都花在食物上。但在十年前他在一家通信公司工作，年薪高
达13万英镑，每周至少去伦敦顶级的餐厅就餐两次。
_级修饰 £40 of which goes on food,
]which引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明£60
⑴After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend,（主+谓+宾）
=sx=s —" XZK/VZVZXZS
I but连接的并列句，表转折
句子主干 （2）but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a year （主+谓+宾）
“ | and连接的并列谓语
and （was） eating at London *s best restaurants
现在分词短语作（2 ）句的伴随状语 、
working in corporate communications
一级修饰 名词短语作状语，表频率
at least twice a week.
❸ Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious.后来他婚姻破裂，事业潦倒，而
且酗酒严重。
（l）Then his marriage failed,（主+谓）
|并列句
句子主干 （2）his career burned out （主+谓）
| and连接的并列句
（3）and his drinking became serious.（主+系+表）
词汇注释 career ★ [k0'm(r)] n.事业；职业vz.猛冲；私奔 burn out (热忱、精力等)耗尽；疲惫不堪
❹ “The community mental health team saved my life. 社区心理健康小组拯救了我。
句子主干 The community mental health team saved my life.（主+谓+兵）
词汇注释 community * [kSmjumoti] n.社区；团体 mental * [*mentl] a.心理上的；精神的；智力的
❺ And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well.当看到人们如此积极地回应
我的博客时，在某种程度上，我又有了对生活的渴望。
121句子主干 And I felt like that again,（主+谓+宾）
八 [插入语
to a certain degree,
一级修饰 when引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
when people responded to the blog so well.
❻It gave me the validation and confidence that Td lost.这让我找回了曾经失去的认可和自信。
句子主干 It gave me the validation and confidence （主+谓+间宾+直宾）
that引导的定语从句,[修饰the validation and confidence
—级修饰 that rd lost.
!词汇注释 i validation [^aelfdeijn] n.认可；确认 confidence * [tonfidsns] n.自信；信任
❼But it's still a day-by-day thing.”但写博客依然是每天要做的事情。”
句子主干 But it's still a day-by-day thing."（主+系+表）
❽ Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents.现在他住在救济公寓中处理着来自文稿代
理商的约稿。
Now he's living in a council flat （主+谓）
句子主干 and连接的并列谓语
and （is） fielding offers
介词短语作后置定语，:修饰offers
一级修饰 from literary agents.
:词汇注释i field* [fi:ld] w.处理；使参加竞选〃.田地 literary★「litgri]。.文学的；书面的
❾ He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging—not about eating as cheaply as you can—"there are so many people in
a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food,,—but eating well on a budget.他现在心态很积极,但还
会继续写博客一一不是关于尽可能吃得便宜一一“有很多人的经济状况更糟糕，几乎没有钱买食物”一而
是怎样在避免不必要开支的情况下吃好。
（l）He's feeling positive,（主+系+表）
句子主干 but连接的并列句，表转折
⑵but he'll carry on blogging （主+谓+宾）
not...but连接的并列成分，[补充说明blogging
一级修饰 —not about eating as cheaply as you can—...but eating well on a budget.
解释说明]
二级修饰 "there are so many people in a much worse state,
[with独立主格结构作伴随状语
三级修饰 with barely any money to spend on food"
:词汇注释！ positive * ['ppzgtiv] a.积极乐观的；良好的 on a budget避免不必要的开支
❿Here's his advice for economical foodies.下面是他给节约型美食爱好者的一些建议。
句子主干 Here,s his advice （倒装句：表+系+主）
[介词短语作状语，表对象
—级修饰 for economical foodies.
词汇注释:advice [ad'vais] n.建议；忠告；劝告 economical [,i:k9'nDmikl] a.节约的；节俭的；经济的
122第二段
O Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients
in their exact quantities.冲动消费不可取，因此要提前计划好你一周的菜单，列出一份标明精确数量的食材购
买清单。
（1） Impulsive spending isn't an^option,（主+系+表）
句子主干 "。连接的并列句，表因果
（2） so plan 四些J烂虫旬空诅advance,（祈使句：谓+宾）
[现在分词短语作（2）句的伴随状语
一级修饰 making shopping lists for your ingredients
介词短语作状语:
二级修饰 in their exact quantities.
项密释」 impulsive [im'pAlsiv] a.易冲动的；草率的 in advance预先；事先；提前
ingredient^ [in*gri:di9nt] n.（烹饪的）原料；成分 quantity * ['kwnntsti] n.数量；数额；大量
@ I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner.我有一个列有一周早午晚三餐的Excel模板。
句子主干 I have an Excel template （主+谓+宾）
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰an Excel template
—级修饰 for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner.
:词汇注释 i template ['templeit] n.模板
❸ Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet.别笑：这不仅能有效节约成本，还有利于
均衡饮食。
句子主干 Stop laughing:（祈使句：谓+宾）
j解释说明
—级修饰 it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet.
❹ It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being human, you'll sometimes change your mind about
what you fancy.每日采购一次是个不错的主意，比每周米购一次要好。因为人有时候难免想换换口味。
to shop daily instead of weekly,
]It为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语
句子主干
It's also a^oodjdea （主+系+表）
:because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语
because, being human, you'll sometimes change your mind about
what引导的宾语从句，作about的宾语]
—级修饰
what you fancy.
*零蛭查 动词不定式短语to shop daily instead of weekly中，介词短语instead of连接的副词daily和weekly
作状语，修饰shop0
«词汇注释i daily虫fdeili]诚每日；每天a.日常的 fancy虫[如nsi] w.喜欢；想要喜好
123第三段］
❶ This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy,超市及其匿名性这时候就派上用场了 °
This is...（主+系+表从）
句子主干 [where引导的表语从句
where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy.
词汇注释 anonymity [.aen^mmati] 〃.匿名；无特色 come in handy派得上用场；迟早有用
@ With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer,在刀、蔬菜店里, 你
可能会因为只买了一根胡萝卜而感到尴尬，但在超市，就不会存在这种情况。
句子主干 With them, there9s not the same embarrassment (There be句型：there + is not +主)
as引导的比较状语从句，［作句子主干的比较状语
—级修饰 as when (you are) buying one carrot
介词短语作地点状语［
二级修饰 in a little greengrocer.
词汇注释 embarrassment [im'baerssmant] n.尴尬；'愧疚 greengrocer ['gri:ngraus9（r）] n.蔬菜水果店
❸ And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not
whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.如果你规划合理，，就能知道自己只需要，比如，350克
牛小腿骨和六片培根，而不是超市冷柜里预先分装好的任意分量。
一级修饰 状 y。11 plan properly,
] if引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语
And...youll know (主+谓+宾从)
[that引导的宾语从句，作will know的宾语
句子主干 that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon,
|并列谓宾
(do) not (need) whatever weight is pre-packed
介词短语作地点状语[
—级修饰 in the supennarket chiller.
词汇注释'、、properly ['propsli] ad.适当地；正确地 shin [Jin] n.(牛的)小腿骨；胫；胫部
rasher ['raejb(r)] n.火腿薄片；熏肉片 chiller ['tjils] n.冷却器；恐怖电影
第四段
O You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that's not good enough.你可能会骄傲地宣称冰箱里
只有冷冻青豆一一这还不够好。
句子主干 You may proudly claim （主+谓+宾）
［补充说明句子主干
—级修饰 —hat's not good enough.
词汇注释！ claim* ［kleim］ vr.宣称；获得 freezer ［'fri:zo（r）］ n.冰箱；冷冻柜
@ Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish.我的冰箱里装满了剩饭、面包、高汤、肉和鱼。
124句子主干 Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish.（主+谓）
© Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits
threatening to "go off" will be cooked or juiced.提前计划可避免浪费，但如果你有多余的蔬菜，可以做个蔬菜汤。
还有，所有快要变质的水果也可以烹食或者榨汁。
（l）Planning ahead should eliminate wastage,（主+谓+宾）
but连接的并列句，表转折
句子主干 （2）but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup,（主+谓+宾）
| and连接的并列句
（3）and all fruits...will be cooked or juiced.（主+谓）
|现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰all fruits
_级修饰 threatening to "go off”
词汇注释 eliminate * [I'limmeit] vt.消除；根除 wastage ['weistids] n.浪费；损耗；耗费量
surplus* ['S3：pl9S] a.多余的札剩余额；过剩 gooff变质；离开；（质量）下降；（电灯）熄灭
第五段
❶Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters.每个人都会这么说，但对于节约型食客，这的确是个
好建议。
（1）E very one says this,（主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | but连接的并列句，表转折
⑵but it really is ajopjip （主+系+表）
[介词短语作状语，表对象
_级修饰 for frugal eaters.
「商定生释[tip Hip] 〃.建议；指点；小费 frugal rfru:gl] a.节约的；简单廉价的
❷ Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly.要定期光顾肉店、熟食
店和水产店，即使是买小东西，也要对店主非常友好。
—■级修饰 even fbr small things,
介词短语作状语,]表对象
（l）Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly,（祈使句：谓）
句子主干 j and连接的并列句
⑵）and be super Mendly.（祈使句：系+表）
词汇注释！ deli fdeli] n.熟食店 regularly [Yegjslali] ad.定期地；经常；均匀地
❸ Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses
and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they511 let you have for free.过不了多久，你就会很自然地问他
们是否有可以炖汤的大棒骨，或者熬高汤用的牛骨、鸡架或鱼头，多半情况下，他们会免费送给你。
125句子主干 Soon you'll feel comfortable （主+系+表）
|现在分词短语作句子主干的伴随状语
一级修饰 asking if they've any knuckles of ham...and fish heads fbr stock
which引导的定语从句,［修饰knuckles of ham...heads for stock
二级修饰 which,...they41 let you have for free.
j插入语
三级修饰 more often than not,
要点注释！现在分词短语中嵌套了一个if引导的宾语从句，作asking的宾语，其中，or连接两个名词短语
作并列宾语；介词短语for soups and stews作后置定语，修饰knuckles of ham;介词短语for stock
作后置定语，修饰 beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads o
i司无注释]knuckle [ nAkl] 〃.（猪等动物的）膝关节 carcass ['ka:&s]几骨架，残体
stock * [stok] n.高汤；库存；股份 more often than not 多半；通常
第六段〕
❶ You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good
restaurant—£1.75 a week for three months gives you £21—more than enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred
Arbutus.你不必经常外出就餐，但可以把钱节省下来，每隔几个月去一家高档餐馆犒劳自己一份午间套餐——
每周节省1.75英镑，三个月就能攒21英镑——这足够你在米其林星级餐厅Arbutus吃一顿三道菜的午餐。
（l）You won't be eating out a lot,（主+谓）
I but连接的并列句，表转折
句子主干 ⑵but save yourpennies （祈使句：谓+宾）
一级修饰
二级福麻
| and连接的并列句
and...treat yourself to a set lunch
、［名词短语作状语，表频率
once every few months
介词短语作地点状语
at a good restaurant
举例说明
—£1.75 a week for three months gives you £21—
解释说明£21 ［
more than enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus.
词汇注释:penny fpeni] n.便士；（美）分 treat* [tri:t] w.买（可享受的东西）；招待；对待
❷ It's £16.95 therer £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which Fd rather eat.在那里需要花费 16.95 英
镑一一或者也可以花12.99英镑在Domino享用一份大的比萨饼：我知道我更爱吃哪一种。
句子主干 Ifs £1^95 there （主+系+表）
__________ :补充说明
一级修饰 ~or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's:
__________ i补充说明
二级修饰 I know which I'd rather eat.
126Section HI Translation
a
❶ I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of
the week.我能从过去的53年里任选一天，并马上回想起当时我身在何处、有什么新闻，甚至那天是星期几。
一级 伊瞽 修 曾渺 饰 ；2，,，,~" from the past 53 years
[介词短语作状语，表范围
I can pick a^date (主+谓+宾)
I
and连接的并列谓宾
and (can) know instantly
句子主干
|
第一段〕
where引导的宾语从句,作(can) know的宾语
where I was,
|并列的宾语从句
what happened in the news
| and连接的并列宾语
and even the day of the week.
词汇注释 pick玄[pik] vt.挑选；选择 instantly ['mstantli] ad.马上；立刻；立即
❷I've been able to do this since I was four.自从4岁起，我就具备这种能力。
句子主干 I've been able to do this (主+谓+宾)
j since引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
一级修饰 since I was four.
第二段]
❶ I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs.我从未因大脑吸收的信息量庞大而感到
难以承受。
句子主干 I never feel overwhelmed (主+系 +表)
介词短语作句子主干的原因状语
i
—级修饰 with the amount of information
[省略关系词(which/that)的定语从句，修饰the amount of information
二级修饰 my brain absorbs.
词汇注释！ overwhelm ☆ [Qovdwelm] w.使难以承受；压倒 absorb * [ob^o.b] vt.吸收；使并入；理解
@ My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly.我的大脑似乎可以应对这些信息，并将
它们有条不紊地储存起来。
(1) My mind seems to be able to cope (主+谓)
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
(2) and the information is stored away neatly.(主+谓)
词汇注释：cope * [ksup] vi.应付，对付；处理 store * [sto:(r)] vt.储存;贮藏；保存
❸ When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does—try to put it to one side.每当想起悲伤的往事,我和大家的
做法一样，试着把它搁置一旁。
127—级修饰 When I think of a sad memory,
〔When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 I do whatjey^ybodj^does （主+谓+宾从）
[解释说明句子主干
一级修饰 try to put it to one side.
❹ I don't think it's harder for me just because my memory is clearer.我不觉得仅仅因为我的记忆更清晰,这么做对我
来说就比别人难。
句子主干 I don't think ifsJiardeHbijme （主+谓+宾从）
because引导的原因状语从句j作宾语从句的原因状语
—级修饰 just because my memory is clearer.
❺Powerful memory doesn't make my emotions any more acute or vivid.强大的记忆力并没有使我的情感变得更加强
烈或更加鲜明。
句子主干 Powerful memory doesn't make my emotions any more acute or vivid.（主+谓+宾+宾补）
powerful * [^ausfl] a.强有力的；有权势的 emotion * [I'msujh] n.情感；激情；情绪
acute * |>'kju:t] a.强烈的；严重的 vivid * [vivid] a.鲜明的；生动的
❻ 1 can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before.我记得祖父
去世那天的情景，以及前一天我们去医院探望时自己伤心的感觉。
—级修饰 my grandfather died
[省略（on which）或关系词（when）的定语从句，修饰the day
句子主干 s I =ss c ，■， a ・ n -，,，■ re call the day...and the sadness （主+谓+宾）
一一 一一,
［省略关系词（which/that ）的定语从句，修饰the sadness
—级修饰 I felt
when引导的时间状语从句，[作定语从句的时间状语
二级修饰 when we went to the hospital the day before.
:词汇注释i recall玄[n'ko:l] v.记得vt.使想起；召回 sadness ['saednss] n.悲伤；悲痛；难过
❼ I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day—they both just pop into my mind in
the same way.我还记得音乐剧《毛发》就在同一天首登百老汇一这些记忆都以同样的方式跃入我的脑海。
一级修饰 —~they both just pop into my mind in the same way.
补充说明句子主干
1
I also remember （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作remember的宾语
that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway
介词短语作宾语从句的时间状语[
-级修饰 on the same day
i词汇注释： Broadway ['bro:dwei] n.百老汇；（美国的）戏剧业 pop into匆匆地走进；急忙地把某物放进
