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绝密☆启用前
2024 年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
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12024 年考研英语（二）试题及考答案
Section I Useof English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and
mark A, B, C orDonANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)
Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people for pleasure, when
you are not working. It's important to have a social life, but what's right for one person won't
be right for another.Some of us feel energised by spending lots of time with others, 1 ,
someofus may feel drained,even ifit's doing something weenjoy.
This is why finding a 2 in your social life is key. Spending too much time on your
own, not 3 others, can makeyou feel lonely and 4 .Loneliness is known toimpact on
your mental health and 5 a low mood. Anyone can feel lonely at any time. This might be
especially true if, 6 you are working from home and you are 7 on the usual social
conversations that happen in an office. Other life changes can 8 periods of loneliness too,
such as retirement changing jobs or becoming a parent. It's important to recognise these
feelings of loneliness. There are ways to 9 a social life, but it can feel overwhelming l0 .
It's a great ideal to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy. You can them find groups and
activities related to those where you will be able to meet 11 people. There are groups aimed
at new parents at those who want to 12 a new sport for the first time, or networking events
forthosein thesame profession tomeet upand 13 ideas.
On the other hand, it's 14 possible to have too much of a social life. If you feel like
you're always doingsomething and there is never any 15 in your calendar for downtime, you
could suffer social burnout or social 16 . We all have our own social limit and it's important
to recognise when you're feeling like it's all too much. Low mood, low energy, irritability
and trouble sleeping could all be 17 of poor social health. Make sure you 18some time in
your diary when you're 19forsocialising and usethistimetorelax, 20and recover.
1.[A]because [B]unless [C] whereas [D]until
2.[A]contrast [B]balance [C]link [D] gap
23.[A]seeing [B]pleasing [C]judging [D]teaching
4.[A]misguided [B] surprised [C]spoiled [D]disconnected
5.[A]contributeto [B] rely on [C] interfere with [D]go against
6.[A]infact [B] ofcourse [C]for example [D]onaverage
7.[A]cuttingback [B]missing out[C] breaking in [D]lookingdown
8.[A]shorten [B]trigger [C]follow [D]interrupt
9.[A]assess [B]interpret [C]provide [D]regain
10.[A]at first [B] inturn [C]ontime [D]bychance
11.[A]far-sighted [B] strong-willed [C] kind-hearted [D]like-minded
12.[A]try [B] promote [C] watch [D]describe
13.[A]test [B] share [C]accept [D]revise
14.[A]already [B]thus [C]also [D]only
15.[A]list [B]order [C]space [D]boundary
16.[A]fatigue [B] criticism [C]injustice [D]dilemma
17.[A]sources [B] standards [C]signs [D]scores
18.[A]takeover [B]wipeoff [C]add up [D]mark out
19.[A]ungrateful [B] unavailable [C]responsible[D]regretful
20.[A]react [B]repeat [C] return [D]rest
Section II Reading comprehension
PartA
Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by
choosingA, B, C and D. Mark your answers onANSWERSHEET1.(40 points)
Text1
In her new book Cogs and Monsters: What Economics ls, and What It Should Be,
Diane Coyle, an economist at Cambridge University, argues that the digital economy
3requires new ways of thinking about progress"Whatever we mean bythe economy growing,
by things getting better.the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past,”
she writes.“ An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers.with
middle-incomejobs undercut byautomation, willnot bepolitically sustainable.”
Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require
greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors, including health
care and construction, says Coyle. But people can't be expected to embrace the changes if
they're notseeing thebenefits -ifthey're justseeing good jobs beingdestroyed.
In a recent interview, Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problem could be a
roadblock to deploying Al. “We’re talking about disruption," she says. " These are
transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day, that change
business models that succeed.” To make such “tremendous changes," she adds, you need
social buy-in.
Instead, says Coyle, resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are
perceived togo to elites in ahandful ofprosperous cities.
According to the Brookings Institution, a short list of eight American cities that
included San Francisco, San Jose, Boston, and Seattle had roughly 38% of all tech jobs by
2019. NewAI technologies are particularly concentrated: Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan
Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of theAI assets and capabilities in the
United States.
The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization ofAl means that
geographical disparities inwealth willcontinue to soar.Not only will thisfoster political and
social unrest, but it could, as Coyle suggests, hold back the sorts ofAI technologies needed
forregional economies to grow.
Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the strangle hold that Big Tech has
on defining the Al agenda. That will likely take increased federal funding for research
independent of thetech giants.
A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI
technologies that don't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that
different parts of the country care most about, like health care, education, and
4manufacturing.
21. Coyle argues inher new bookthat economic growth should__________.
[A]give useto innovations
[B]diversify careerchoices
[Cbenefitpeople equally
[D]bepromoted forcefully
22.According to Paragraph 2,digital technologies shouldbe used to__________.
[A]bring about instantprosperity
[B]reduce people's workload
[C]raise overall work efficiency
[D]enhance cross-sector
23.Whatdoes Coylefear about transformativetechnologies?
[A]They may affect work-life balance
[B]They may beimpractical to deploy
[C]They may incur huge expenditure
[D]They may beunwelcome tothe public
24. SeveralAmerican cities are mentioned toshow__________.
[A]theuneven distribution ofAl technologies in theUS
[B]thedisappointing prospect of tech jobs intheUS
[C]thefast progress of US
[D]theincreasing significance ofUSAI assets
25. With regard to Coyle's concern, theauthor suggests
[A]raising funds to start newAl projects
[B]encouraging collaboration inAIresearch
[C]guarding against thesideeffects ofAl
5[D]redefining theroleofAItechnologies
Text2
The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to
produce wood, Confor has warned. The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent
action to reduce the country’s reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of
wood for future generations. Currently only 20 percent of the UK’s wood requirement is
home-grown whileitremains thesecond-largest net importer oftimberin theworld.
Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow
more trees, the trade body says these don’t go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of
planting them to boost timber supplies. “Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now, but we
will also be facing a future construction crisis because of failure to plant trees to produce
wood.” said Stuart Goodall, chief executive of Confor. "For decades we have not taken
responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply, leaving us exposed to fluctuating
prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies
fall."
The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a
global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed, Confor says. While
around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber, the use of
home-grown wood inEngland is onlyaround 25percent.
While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies
and contribute to the UK's net-zero strategy, the focus of government support continues to
be on food production and the rewinding and planting of native woodland solely for
biodiversity. Goodall add：“ While food production and biodiversity are clearly of critical
importance, we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction,
manufacturing and contribute tonet zero.
“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting, there has
6been little action on the ground." Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind
thoseaspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."
26.It can learned from paragraph l that UKneeds to __________.
A. increase itsdomesticwood supply
B.reduce itsdemand fortimber
C. lowerits wood production costs
D. lift itscontrol ontimberimports
27.According to confor,theUK government's fresh incentives __________.
A.can hardly address aconstruction crisis
B. are believed to come at awrong time
C. seem to bemisleading for landowners
D. willbe too costly toput into practice
28.TheUK's exposureto fluctuating wood prices is aresult of__________.
A. thegovernment's inaction ontimberimports
B. inadequate investmentin growing wood
C. thecompetitionamongtimber traders at home
D.Wood producers' motiveto maximiseprofits
29. Whichof thefollowing causes theshortageof woodsupply inthe UK?
A. Excessivetimberconsumption inconstruction
B. Unfavourableconditions for growing wood
C. Outdated technologies of thewood industry
D. Farmers' unwillingness to plant trees.
30. Whatdoes Good all thinkthe UKgovernment shoulddo?
A. Subsidisethebuilding oflow-carbon homes
B. Pay greater attention to boostingrural economies
C. Providemore support for productivethree planting
7D. Givepriority to pursuing its net-zero strategy
Text3
One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that
it is time to turn over the key. It is a complete life-changer when someone stops—or is
forced tostop—driving, said former risk managerAnne M.Menke.
The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear
evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public
safety, and where the physician’s advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored, it is
desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles, Menke wrote. “Some
states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports, while a few
consider a report breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a
physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality ” she
counseled.
Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed
piecemeal by different professions with different focuses, including gerontologists, highway
administration officials, automotive engineers and others, said gerontologist Elizabeth
Dugan. "There's not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies," she said. "We need better
evidence onwhat makes drivers unsafe" and what can help, said Dugan.
One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license
renewal. Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal
crashes involving drivers 85 or older, according to one study. Passing vision tests also
produced asimilardeclinein fatal crashes for thosedrivers, although thereappeared to beno
benefitfrom combining thetwo.
Many old drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to. Primary care providers have
their hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble
driving because they can't turn their heads or remember where they are going—or have
gotten shorterand haven't changed theirseat settings sufficientlyto reach car pedals easily,
As long as there are other cars on the roads, self-driving cars won't solve the problems
8of crashes, said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to
many algorithms, she said. But we need to do more to improve safety, said Dugan. "If we're
going to have 100-year lives,we need cars that a90-year-oldcan drive comfortably."
31.According to paragraph l, keeping unsafe aging drivers offtheroad__________.
[A]isa newsafety measure
[B]has become a disputedissue
[C]can bea toughs task to complete
[D]willbe beneficial totheir health
32.TheAmerican MedialAssociation's advice__________.
[A]has won support form driver
[B]is generally considered unrealistic
[C]is widely dismissedas unnecessary
[D]has met with different responses
33.According to Dugan, efforts tokeep olderdrivers safe__________.
[A]havebrought about bigchanges
[B]need to bewell coordinated
[C]have gained publicrecognition
[D]call for relevant legal support
34.Someolder drivers have troubledriving because they tend to__________.
[A]stickwith bad drivinghabits
[B]have aweakened memory
[C]suffer from chronic pains
[D]neglect car maintenance
35.Dugan thinks that thesolutiontotheproblems of crashes may lie__________.
[A]upgrading self-driving vehicles
9[B]developing senior-friendly cars
[C]renovating transport facilities
[D]adjustingtheage limitfor drivers
Text4
If you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at least one related to your
health — and probably several. Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker, a
connected health device or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this
technology to keep better track of our health in some shape or form. Recent research from
the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health
apps were available onthemarket, 90,000ofwhich launched in 2020alone.
While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal
information we input is collected, safeguarded and shared online. Existing health privacy
law, such as the Health Insurance Portability andAccountabilityAct, is primarily focused on
the way hospitals, doctors’ offices, clinics and insurance companies store health records
online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting
typically does not receive thesamelegal protections.
Withoutadditional protections inplace, companies may share (and potentially monetize)
personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or anticipated. In
2021,FloHealth faced aFederalTradeCommission（FTC）investigation.TheFTC alleged
in a complaint that "despite express privacy claims, the company took control of users'
sensitivity fertility data and shared it with third parties.” Flo Health and the FTC settled the
matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users' express affirmative
consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to
deletethe datathey had obtained.
Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against
unfair or deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy
practices are misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm. While the FTC is doing what it
10can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their
sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market
demonstrates just howimmenseofa challenge thisis.
As to the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggest that comprehensive
federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term. States have begun implementing
their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health data. California
has been at theforefront of stateprivacy efforts with theCalifornia ConsumerPrivacyAct of
2018. Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy
legislation.
36.Theresearch findings are cited inparagraph l to show__________.
[A]theprevalence ofhealth apps
[B]thepublicconcern overhealth
[C]popularity ofsmartphone
[D]theadvancement of technology
37.What does theauthorimply about existinghealth privacy law?
[A]Its coverage needs to beextended
[B]Its enforcement needs strengthening
[C]It has discouraged medical misconduct
[D]It has disappointed insurance companies
38.Before sharing its users’health information,Flo Health is required to__________.
[A]Seek theapproval oftheFTC
[B]find qualified thirdparties
[C]remove irrelevant personal data
[D]Obtain theirexplicit permission
39.What challengeis the FTC currently faced with?
[A]Thecomplexity ofhealth information
11[B]The rapid increase innew health apps
[C]The subtledeceptiveness ifhealth apps
[D]Thedifficultyin assessing consumer harm
40. It can belearned from the last paragraph that health dateprotection__________.
[A]has been embracebyhealth appdevelopers
[B]has been a focus of federal policy-making
[C]has encountered oppositionin California
[D]has gained legislative support insomestates
Part B
Directions: Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left
column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in
theright column. Mark your answers ontheANSWERSHEET(10 points)
High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often
participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of
admissiona selective undergraduate institution.
However, college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's
extracurricularactivities matter morethan the numberofactivities he orsheparticipates in.
Sue Rexford, the director of college guidance at the Charles. E. Smith Jewish Day
School , says it is not necessary for a student,filling out the Common Application to list 10
activities in theapplication
“No” college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurricular that
they have been passionately involved in each for an tended period of time, " Rexford wrote
inan email.
Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular
12activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an
uncommon activity.
The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer, and so if
they 're going to do a popular activity, I'd say, be the best at it."says Sara Harherson, a
collegeadmission consultant.
High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on
independently often impress colleges, experts say.
"For example, a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills
and potential by starting a profitable small business." Olivia Valdes, the founder of Zen
Admissionsconsulting firm, wrote inan email.
Josoph Adegboyega — Edun, a Maryland High school guidance counselor, says
unconventional, extracurricular activities can help students, impress college admissions
offices, assuming they demonstrated, serious commitment."Again, since one of the big
questions high school seniors must consider is "What makes you unique?" having an
uncommon, extracurricular activity, a conventional one is an advantage," he wrote in an
email.
Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity can help in the
collegeadmissions process, especiallyat top-tierundergraduate institutions.
“ Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a
positive in the admissions process, especially for highly selective institutions, where having
top grades and test scores is not enough,”Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise
admissions consultancy, wrote in an email.“Students need to have that quality or hook that
will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the student might come
and enrich theircampus community.”
Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application
are beneficial, experts suggest.“If you already know your major, having an extracurricular
that fits into that major can be a big plus,”says Mayghin Levine, the manager of educational
13opportunities with The Cabbage Patch Settlement House, a Louisville, Kentucky, nonprofit
communitycenter.
High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community
through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship, says Erica
Gwyn, a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is
now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofit
organization.
41. SueRextord A. Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will
befavored bytop-tierinstitutions.
B. Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their
42. SaraHarberson community are likelyto win ascholarship.
C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be
seen as aplus bycolleges.
43. KatieKelley D. A student who exhibits abilities in doing business can impress
colleges.
E. High school students participating in popular activity should
44. Mayghin Levine excel in it.
F. Engaging in uncommon activities can demonstrate students'
determination and dedication.
45. Erica Gwyn G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity
that is related to theirfuture studyat college.
CEAGB
Section IIITranslation
46. Directions: In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your
translation onANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)
14With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air, stalls bursting with colorful
vegetables and tempting cheeses, and the buzzof friendly chats, farmers’ markets are a feast
for the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for
growing or raising your food, support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal
produce — all at the same time. Farmers’ markets are usually weekly or monthly events,
most often with outdoorstalls, which allowfarmers or producers to sell theirfood directly to
customers. The size or regularity of markets can vary from season to season, depending on
thearea's agricultural calendar,and you’re likely to find different produce on saleat different
times of the year. By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their
produce. Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where — and to who — their money
is going.
15Section IVWriting
PartA
47.Directions:
Suppose you and Jack are going to do a survey on the protection of old hoses in an ancient
town.Writehiman email to
1)put forward your plan,and
2)ask for his opinion.
Youshould writeabout 100words onANSWERSHEET.(10 points)
Do not useyour own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.
Part B
48.Directions:
Writean essay based onthechart below.In your writing, you should
1)describe and interpret the chart,and
2)give your comments.
Youshould writeabout 150words in theANSWERSHEET.(15 points)
16
