文档内容
衔接点 01 名词、冠词（初高考点差异及衔接）
名词
初中要求 主要集中在名词的可数和不可数，以及名词构词法，同时还学习了名词所有格的用法。
高中阶段，在名词方面，还会加强对单复数、所有格的考查，所学内容更深；同时，更
高中要求 注重名词在语境中所表达的含义。题型多为单项填空和语法填空题，个别地区的短文改
错题和完形填空题也会对名词进行考查。
【初中名词考点聚焦】
考点1.名词词义辨析
1.—What places of interest are there in Yangzhou?
—I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful !
A.movement B.attraction C.experience D.research
答案 C 考查名词。movement移动; attraction吸引; experience经验，经历，体验; research研究。A boat
tour(乘船游览)是一次经历，故选C。
考点2.名词的数和格
2.We offered to look after our (邻居的) dog when she was away.
答案 neighbour’s/neighbor’s 考查名词所有格。根据空后单数名词dog可知此处缺限定词，结合后文的
she可知此处用名词单数的所有格形式，结合汉语提示可知，空处填neighbour’s/neighbor’s。
3.Some of my (英雄) are real people， and some are from stories.
答案 heroes 考查名词的数。根据Some和are可知，此空为名词复数形式，注意hero变复数需加 ⁃es，故
填heroes。
考点3.名词的构词法
4.For your own (safe)， you shouldn’t climb mountains alone.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司答案 safety 句意:为了你自己的安全，你不应该独自一人爬山。own是形容词，修饰名词，形容词safe
的名词为safety，意为“安全”。故填safety。
5.Everyone’s small acts of (kind) can make a big difference to the world.
答案 kindness 句意:每个人的小小善举都能给世界带来巨大的改变。根据“small acts of”可知，此处指
小小善举，填名词。kind的名词形式是kindness“善良”，为不可数名词，故填kindness。
【高中名词考点聚焦】
考纲解读
名词除了考查其词义辨析外, 还常结合其他项目一起考查, 题型以语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等
形式出现, 考查要点主要包括:
1. 考查名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。
2. 考查名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名
词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
3. 考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象, 这种现象主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形
填空试题中。
考点清单
考点一、名词单数变复数的用法
可数名词单数变复数的场合
一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths,house→houses
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses,match→matches
以辅音字母+-y结尾的名
变y为i再加-es country→countries,factory→factories
词
以元音字母+-y结尾的名
在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys
词
可数 一般在词尾加-s piano→pianos,photo→photos
名词 以o结尾的名词
单数 有些在词尾加-es hero→heroes,potato→potatoes
变复
一般要变f或fe为v加-es self→selves,wolf→wolves
数 以-f,-fe结尾的名词
少数直接加-s roof→roofs,belief→beliefs
单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式,方法), series, species
man→men, woman→women, child→children,
词形变化
tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice
将主体名词变为复数:passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on
合成名词的复数
无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加-s:
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司grown-up→grown-ups, stand-by→stand-bys
名词前有man/woman修
man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如:
饰 woman doctor→women doctors, man teacher→men teachers。
请用下列单词的适当形式填空
1. Two_________ (month) ago, three _________ (hero) caught four _________ (thief). They made them plant
some _________ (potato) and _________ (tomato) in two _________ (zoo). They also made their ________ (wife)
return the four big _________ (box) with some precious _________ (photo) and _________ (brush) in them.
2. On __________(teacher) Day, two _________(editor-in-chief), three ________________(man teacher) and five
_________ (woman doctor), together with their _________ (child), went to the farm in the countryside. There they
were lucky to see two _________(sheep), three _________ (deer), four _________ (ox), five _________ (goose)
and six white _________ (mouse) with three _________ (foot) and six _________ (tooth).
【答案】
1. months, heroes, thieves, potatoes, tomatoes, zoos; wives; boxes, photos, brushes
2. Teachers’, editors-in-chief, men teachers, women doctors, children; sheep, deer, oxen, geese, mice, feet, teeth
考点二、抽象名词具体化用法
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险 危险的人或因素
delight 高兴 令人高兴的事
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.--How about ________Christmas evening party? ---I should say it was ______success.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2. --- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
--- It is not your fault. With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.
3. My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______ energy.
4. He missed gold in the high jump, but will get second chance in the long jump.
5. Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times.
【答案】1.the; a 2.the, the 3.a; the 4.the; a 5.a, a
考点三、名词所有格的用法
主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。
(1)一般是名词词尾加-'s。如:John's home约翰的家;
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。如:students' textbooks 学生们的课本;
(3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。如:children's game 孩子们的游戏。
名
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名
词 词也常用of所有格。如:
所 the title of the article文章的标题;
有
the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字。
格
双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+-'s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之
一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,a few,two,this,that,these,those 等修饰,但不能用
the。如:
a picture of my mother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;
this little cat of your sister's你妹妹的这只小猫。
1.He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
2.It is calculated by dividing a _____________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI
of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
3.--- Who did you spend last weekend with? --- The ____________(Palmer).
4.The ____________(girl) shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into
____________(Tom) car.
5.Owning a lovable, cuddly pet can unquestionably make one’s home life better and apparently, it can affect pet
_____________(owner) professional lives as well.
【答案】1. son’s 2.person’s 3. Palmer’s 4. girls’, Tom’s 5.owners’
考点四、动词/形容词变为名词后缀
要点精讲1：动词转化为名词的后缀
后缀 例词
－ion/ correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述
－tion/
decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入
－sion/
permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请
explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
sail→sailor海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员
－er/
gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师
－or
announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员
punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就
argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗
－ment
equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府
astonish→astonishment惊奇
appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导
－ance/
perform→performance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存
－ence
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅
－ure/ fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力
-ture depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始
－ing
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
－y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现
要点精讲2：形容词转化为名词的后缀
后缀 例词
－age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比
efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利
－cy
accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私
－dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智；智慧
－ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据
weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度
－ness
kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意
－th strong→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情
safe→safety安全 disable→disability缺陷；伤残
－y/－ty/－ity responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实
difficult→difficulty困难
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司请用下列单词的适当形式填空
1.Since June 2017, right before the (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have
been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
2.The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a
more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction.
3.Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect).
4.“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country,
China has a ___________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea
industry.
5.A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper
cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】1.arrival。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直
在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所
以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
2.warning。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句
中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。3.protection。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，
以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，
protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
24.responsibility。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其
他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
5.representative。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天 1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。
该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
考点五、名词分类及句法功能
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司请用下列单词的适当形式填空
1. “I had to wait for the staff to write down my information, which caused much more ________ (convenience)
than scanning codes.”
2..I have to make a __________(complain) about the poor quality of food and service in your restaurant.
3.The old man who had a car accident last week made a full _________ (recover) from the operation in hospital.
4.Even a thirty-minute run will provide ________(relieve) from aches or tension.
5.She was unable to give the police a __________(describe) of the attacker because she had no memory of what
had happened to her.
【答案】
1.inconvenience。考查名词。句意：“我必须等待工作人员写下我的信息，这比扫描代码造成了更多的不
便。”此处表示“不便”，需用inconvenience作宾语。故填inconvenience。
2.complaint。所给词complain是动词，设空前有不定冠词 a修饰，应用名词complaint作动词make的宾
语，make a complaint about"就……提出投诉"。故填complaint。
3. recovery。考查名词，句意：那位上周出了车祸的老人在医院手术后完全康复了。作宾语应用名词
recovery，不定冠词提示用单数，故填recovery。
4. relief。考查名词。句意：即使是30分钟的跑步也能缓解疼痛和紧张。根据句意及英文提示可知，所填
空应用名词作宾语，" relieve"，动词，意为"减轻；缓和"，其名词形式为 "relief"，不可数，故填 relief。
5. description。考查名词。句意：她无法向警方描述袭击者的模样，因为她不记得自己身上发生了什么
事。根据句意和空前的冠词a可知，空处填名词，“描述”的名词为description.。故填description。
一.单句语法填空（用所给单词的适当形式完成句子）
1. With the (develop) of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade
and others may be established.
2. A bridge is being built in the (distant) and its construction will be finished in a year.
3. Many people use a nonsense name for their net (identify) to protect their private information.
4. We have submitted our personal information and are waiting for (confirm) now.
5. As digital technology spreads widely, the risk of digital technology can cause problems and can go beyond
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司personal (private).
6. The finder of a wallet who takes it home may be guilty of . (thief)
7. She kicked at the door with her foot, and the (press) was enough to open it.
8. Students learned the practical (apply) of the theory they had learned in the classroom.
9. Robert’s (collect) of prints and paintings has been bought over the years.
10. Hearing the interesting story, all the people present burst into (laugh).
11. According to a recent survey, some TV programs should take responsibility for teenagers’ negative
(behave).
12. To our disappointment, only a (minor) of people is in support of our plan to build a new bridge.
13. Union leaders and company bosses will meet tomorrow in an attempt to reach a _________ (settle).
14. Confucius is one of the greatest (philosophy) in human history.
15. The laws led to (confuse), blood and thousands of deaths.
16. We would like to thank them for their patience and (understand).
17. She had never been greatly concerned about her (appear).
18. We should suppose he’s honest before hearing the (evident) against him.
19. Determining where we are in relation to our (surround) remains an essential skill for our survival.
20. The crowd in the room seemed full of curiosity. They expressed their _________ (eager) to hear me sing.
1. development 【解析】考查名词。句意：随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，一些传统可能会消失，
而另一些可能会建立。分析句子可知，该句第一空由空前定冠词the可知，应为名词形式。故填
development。
2. distance【解析】考查名词。句意：远处正在修建一座桥，将在一年内完工。此处为短语in the distance
表示“在远处”，故填distance。
3. identity【解析】考查名词。句意：为了保护个人隐私，很多人给自己的网络身份取了一个毫无意义的名
字。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，identify的名词为identity意为“身份”符合句意，结合句意
可知，一个无意义的名词对应的是一个身份，所以此处为名词单数。故填identity。
4. confirmation【解析】考查名词。句意：我们已经提交了个人信息，正在等待确认。分析句子结构可知，
此处位于介词之后，因此需要填入名词形式。confirm的名词形式为confirmation表示“确认”。故填
confirmation。
5. privacy【解析】考查名词。句意：随着数字技术的广泛传播，数字技术带来的风险可能会引发问题，并
超越个人隐私。名词privacy意为“隐私”，beyond 为介词，后接名词privacy作宾语，privacy是不可数名
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司词。故填privacy。
6. theft【解析】考查名词。句意：捡到钱包的人把钱包带回家可能犯了盗窃罪。分析句子结构可知，此处
为名词作宾语，结合句意，此处应表示“盗窃”对应的名词为theft，且表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故
填theft。
7. pressure【解析】考查名词。句意：她用脚踢门，施加的压力足以打开门。分析句子和提示词可知空格填
名词形式pressure“压力”用在并列句中做主语，是不可数名词。故填pressure。
8. application【解析】考查名词。句意：学生们学会了课堂上学到的理论的实际应用。practical为形容词，
作定语修饰名词，结合句意“应用”可知，应填名词application，此处表抽象概念，不可数。故填
application。
9. collection【解析】考查名词。句意：这些年来，罗伯特的版画和绘画收藏品都被买走了。根据前面名词
所有格Robert’s，可知，应填名词collection，collection为不可数名词，没有复数。故填collection。
10. laughter【解析】考查名词。句意：听到这个有趣的故事，在场的人都大笑起来。分析句子可知，此处
是固定短语burst into laughter，意为“突然大笑”。故填laughter。
11. behaviour【解析】考查名词。句意：根据调查显示，有些电视节目应该为青少年的消极行为负责任。
根据空格前形容词negative后填名词behaviour做介词for的宾语。故填behaviour。
12. minority
【解析】考查名词。句意：使我们失望的是，只有少数人支持我们的计划。 分析句子可知，名词minority
符合题意，此处是固定短语a minority of ，表示“少数”。故填minority。
13. settlement【解析】考查名词。句意：工会领导人和公司老板明天将开会，试图达成一个解决方法。在
不定冠词a后应该是单数名词，名词settlement，意思为“解决，处理”。故填settlement。
14. philosophers【解析】考查名词。句意：孔子是人类历史上最伟大的哲学家之一。分析句子结构并结合
上下文，空白处应填表示人的名词，又因one of + 复数名词为固定结构，含义为：……其中之一，故填
philosophers。
15. confusion【解析】考查名词。句意：这些法律导致了混乱、流血和数千人死亡。分析句式结构可知，
此处to是介词，且下文的blood和deaths都是名词，作宾语，所以空格处应该用提示词的名词形式作宾
语，故填confusion。
16. understanding【解析】考查名词。句意：我们要感谢他们的耐心和理解。分析句子结构，根据空白处前
面的并列连词and以及形容词性物主代词their可知空白处应填名词做介词的宾语，故填understanding。
17. appearance【解析】考查名词。句意：她从来不太在意自己的外表。分析句子，该空需要一个名词作宾
语。所给词appear为动词，其名词形式appearance意为“外表，外观”，符合句意。故填appearance。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司18. evidence【解析】考查名词。句意：在听取对他不利的证据之前，我们应该假设他是诚实的。空处用于
定冠词the之后，应用名词evidence，表示“证据”，作动词hearing的宾语。故填evidence。
19. surroundings【解析】考查名词。句意：根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处，这是我们生存的一
项必不可少的技能。分析句子可知，设空处为介词to的宾语，并且前面有形容词性物主代词our修饰，应
用名词surrounding，根据语境，应用复数形式，故填surroundings。
20. eagerness【解析】考查名词。句意：房间里的人群似乎充满了好奇。他们表示很想听我唱歌。their后跟
名词，eager的名词是eagerness，意为“渴望”，是不可数名词。故填eagerness。
二．语篇填空（名词专练）
Many of us have worked as volunteers before. Some have experience as mechanics, repairing and maintaining
machines. Others are experienced medical workers who have volunteered to help those with 1 (disable). This
summer, one Chinese volunteer, Liu Fei, will serve as a management 2 (consult) for AIDS projects in an
African country. Liu has never been there, and his 3 (impress) of the country is that it is developing rapidly,
but suffers from much 4 (instable) and violence. Many people there have contracted AIDS. Liu will work
with a local organisation engaging in AIDS 5 (prevent). Liu’s path to Africa was long and bumpy. Although
he had met the 6 (criterion) for the volunteer 7 (apply), his family was opposed to his 8 (chooce)
at first. It took Liu some time to explain the 9 (important) of building a shared future for mankind.
Ultimately, his family decided to sing the same tune as Liu and respected his right to choose his own path. Liu is
looking forward to sharing his knowledge and skills with needy communities. He hopes his input can make a 10
(different) in distant Africa.
1. disabilities 2. consultant 3. impression 4. instability 5. prevention 6. criteria 7. application 8. choice 9.
importance 10. difference
1. 考查名词复数。此空提示词是形容词，用在介词之后，应用名词形式。故填disabilities。
2. 考查名词。句意：今年夏天，中国志愿者刘飞将在一个非洲国家担任艾滋病项目的管理顾问。空前有不
定冠词，应用单数名词形式。故填consultant。
3. 考查名词。此空指刘飞对这个国家的印象，应用名词形式。故填impression。
4. 考查名词。和后面的名词violence一起，做介词from的宾语。故填instability。
5. 考查名词。句意：刘飞和当地一个组织一起，致力于爱滋病的预防。此空用在介词 in后，应用名词形
式。故填prevention。
6. 考查名词复数。名词criterion的复数形式是一个特殊变化，这样的词不多。类似的名词有：medium--
media; phenomenon--phenomena。故填criteria。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司7. 考查名词。句意：虽然他满足志愿者申请的标准，刚开始他家人对他的选择是反对的。这里指他的申
请，应用名词。故填application。
8. 考查名词。句意见第7题。用在介词之后，应该是名词。故填choice。
9. 考查名词。此空前有定冠词，后有介词，应该用名词形式。故填importance。
10. 考查名词。make a difference 是一个固定搭配，意为“有意义、说得通”。故填
difference。
冠词
学习了a用于以辅音开头的名词或其修饰语前，an用于以元音开头的名词或其修饰语前，
初中要求
the表示语境中双方都知道或特指的用法，还学习不用冠词的一些情况
高中阶段，对于冠词的考查主要体现在特殊性、具体语境方面。因此仅仅掌握初中阶段
高中要求 的规律知识是不够的，还需要继续强化相关知识点，学会在具体语境下掌握冠词的用
法。
【初中冠词考点聚焦】
考点1.不定冠词
1.China is country with a history of more than 5，000 years.
A.the B.a C.an D./
答案 B 考查不定冠词。country为可数名词，根据语境可知此处表泛指，用不定冠词。country 以辅音
音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故选B。
2.Travelling to Yancheng， beautiful seaside city， is a fantastic experience.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司A.a B.an C.the D./
答案 A 考查不定冠词。此处泛指一个美丽的海滨城市，beautiful以辅音音素开头，所以填a。故选A。
考点二.定冠词
3.—Betty began to play violin at the age of four.
—No wonder she plays so well.
A.a B.an C.the D./
答案 C 考查定冠词。violin是乐器。表示弹奏乐器时，用定冠词the。故选C。
3.Autumn is best season to visit the Great Wall in China.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
答案 D 考查定冠词。此处用在形容词最高级best前，所以用定冠词the。故选D。
考点三.零冠词
4.My family have breakfast together every day. This helps us start a day well.
A.不填 B.a C.an D.the
答案 A 考查零冠词。一日三餐前通常不加冠词，故选A。
5.Yangzhou is city full of history， culture and mouthwatering food.
A.the;a B.a;a C.the; the D.a;/
答案 D 考查冠词。第一个空处表泛指，用不定冠词，city以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a; 第二个空后
面的名词history、culture和food在本句中都是不可数名词，不用冠词，故选D。
【高中名词考点聚焦】
考纲解读
冠词几乎每年都有考查, 考查点主要包括: 1. 考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。2. 考查定冠词和不
定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。3. 考查冠词的泛指、
特指、类指和专指用法。4. 考查零冠词的运用。另外, 还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。
考点清单
一、使用不定冠词a(n)的十大场合
要点精讲1：
典型场合 典型示例
a用在辅音开头的单词前，an an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 an umbrella 一把伞
用在以元音开头单词前【不见
a university 一所大学 a European country 一个欧洲国家
元音不加 an，不看字母看发
音】 an unusual story 一个不同寻常的故事 an unhappy boy 一个不高兴的男孩
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司第一次提到的某人或某物之前 The panda is an endangered animal.熊猫是一种濒危动物。
泛指人或事物的某一类别 A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
用在表示数量、长度、时间等 The car moves 100 miles an hour.这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶
的名词前，表示“每一”
Rome was not built in a day.罗马非一日建成。/冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。
不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词 The party was a great success.晚会开得很成功。
前，表示具体的人或事物
It’s a pleasure to work with you.与你一起工作是件乐事。
用于专有名词前，表示“某一 I want to be a Bill Gates.我想成为比尔·盖茨式的人物。
个”
用于序数词之前,表示重复 Soon I saw a second plane.不久我又看到了另一架飞机。
用于最高级前意为“非常” This is a most interesting story.这是一个极为动人的故事。
用于物质名词的数量化 I’d like a tea and two coffees.请给我一杯茶和两杯咖啡。
与 have，take，make等连用 Take a look at these figures! 看一下这些数字吧！
结合语境用适当的冠词填空。
1. —Could you tell me the way to _______Johnsons please?
—Sorry, we don't have ______ Johnson here in the village.
2.Of all the subjects, I like history best because it gives us _______useful knowledge of things in the past.
3.There are _______ number of books in the library and _______ number of them is increasing.
4.What ________ pity that you couldn't be there to receive ________ prize!
5. The Wilsons live in ______ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ______ 17th century cottage.
6.—How about _______ Christmas evening party?
—I should say it was _______ success.
7.______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.
8.First impressions are the most lasting. After all，you never get ______second chance to make _______first
impression.
9.The heavy rain lasted 3 hours on end and came to ______ end when the class was over.
10. Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
【答案】1.the, a 2.a 3.a, the 4.a, the 5.an, a 6.the, a 7.An, the 8.a, a 9.an 10.a, a
二、使用定冠词the的十四个场合
典型场合 典型示例
表示双方都知道的人或物 Would you mind turning down the radio a little?请把收音机音量调小点好吗？
表示特指的或上文已提到过 Do you know the girl in red? 你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩么？
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司的人或事物。
The book on the table is mine. 桌子上的那本书是我的。
表示世界上独一无二的事 As is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
物，如日月星辰地球等
The sun can damage your skin. 阳光能损伤皮肤。
用在序数词前 He is the first person who knows the secret. 他是第一个知道这个秘密的人。
用在形容词最高级前 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 上海市中国最大的城市之一。
用于乐器的名称之前 She can play the piano quite beautifully. 她可以弹一手好钢琴。
用在姓氏的复数名词前表示 The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours. 史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。
一家人或夫妻俩
The Greens will move to the country. 格林一家要搬到乡下去。
与形容词连用表示一类人 The injured were taken to the nearest hospital.受伤的人被送到了最近的医院。
用在世纪、年代、时期或朝 The war broke out in the 1980s.战争爆发于20世纪80年代。
代的名词前
He moved to the south in his fifties.他五十几岁时搬到了南方。
用在由普通名词构成的专有 the United States of America美国 the People’s Republic of China 中国
名词前
the Communist Party of China中国共产党 the United Nations 联合国
江、河、湖、海、海峡、山 the Yellow River 黄河 the Pacific Ocean太平洋
脉、运河、岛屿等名词前
the Alps阿尔卑斯山 the Grand Canal大运河
用于接触身体部位结构 She patted him on the shoulder. 她碰了他的肩。
用于发明物的单数名词前 Who invented the telephone？ 电话是谁发明的？
用在表示方位名词之前 Jilin is in the north of China. 吉林位于中国的北部。
结合语境用适当的冠词填空。
1. I don’t know who invented ________ robot, but it’s really________ most wonderful invention.
2. It’s a shame that many tourists are still in ________ habit of writing silly things in public places.
3. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with ________ rise of science, changes began.
4.As is known to all, ______People’s Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world.
5._______more learned a man is, _______more modest he usually becomes.
6.He is in _______possession of that beautiful garden and the shop is in _______ possession of his brother.
7. This area experienced heaviest rainfall in month of May.
8. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _______Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _____ thirteenth century.
9. There is an unhappy boy sitting on ________seat over there, who looks very sad.
10. I looked under _______bed and found _______book I lost last week.
【答案】1.the, a 2.the 3. the 4.the, the 5.The, the 6./, the 7.the, the 8.the, the 9.the 10.the, the
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司三、零冠词的十大场合
零冠词典型场合 典型示例
物质名词、抽象名词前 Bread is made from flour.面包是用面粉做的。
表示职务、头衔的名词前 He was selected Chairman of the committee.他被选为委员会主席。
一日三餐名词前 We are going to movies after supper.晚饭后我们要去看电影。
运动、棋类、游戏等名词 He likes to play chess.他喜欢下棋。
前
星期、月份、季节等名词 Spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年中最好的季节。
前
西方节日名称前 April Fool’s Day 愚人节 Christmas Day 圣诞节
Easter 复活节 Father’s Day 父亲节
Thanksgiving Day 感恩节 Valentine’s Day 情人节
名词被限定词this，my， His heart was beating wildly with fear.他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。
some，no等修饰时
Go down this street.顺着这条道路往前走。
含有介词短语的独立主格 He entered the forest, gun in hand.他手拿枪进了森林。
复数名词表示类属时 Dogs are human beings’ friends. 狗是人类的朋友。
by表示交通工具的名词前 Every day he goes to school by bike. 他每天骑自行车上学。
单句改错。
1. For him the stage is just means of making a living.
2. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off price.
3. For a long time they walked without saying a word. Jim was the first to break silence.
4.Tom owns the larger collection of books than any other student in our class.
5. When you finish reading the book, you will have the better understanding of life.
6. As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by an hour.
7. I woke up with bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.
8. It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.
9. Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be Picasso.
10. Everything comes with a price; there is no such a thing as free lunch in the world.
【答案】1. means前加a 2. price前加the 3. silence前加the 4. the改为a 5. a better 6. an 改为the 7.bad前加a
8. man前加a 9. Picasso前加a 10. 去掉such后a
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司一、单句语法填空(用单词的适当形式完成句子)
1. Zhu Dejun’s first job after graduating from college was as __________ road design engineer in his hometown.
2.It’s similar to Jupiter, a giant gas planet in __________ (we) solar system.
3. As __________ result, they put on an average of 0.77 kg on the processed diet, while they lost 1.08 kg on the
healthy diet.
4. The art used to be welcomed by people of all ages in rural areas. However, in __________ 1980s, with the
popularity of films and TV shows, it started to lose its shine and many performers moved on to other jobs.
5. Saxaul trees are __________ excellent tree species for sand fixation. It’s commonly seen, though easily
ignored.
6. In __________ Song Dynasty, an instrument was also invented to indicate direction, called the compass fish,
which floated on water.
7. He also said roads aren’t designed to make __________ safe for bicyclists to share the road with cars.
8. Hua Weiguang, __________ retired teacher from Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is a
photography enthusiast.
9. In addition to saving lives and nourishing the body, __________ magic of traditional Chinese medicine has
existed in various aspects of Chinese life.
10. Earlier this year, 11-year-old Kashmea Wahi of London, England scored 162 on __________ intelligence
quotient (IQ) test.
11. Last year, a powerful computer calculated pi to record-breaking 62.8 trillion (万亿) figures. And in 2005, one
23-year-old used clever mental tricks to recite nearly 68,000 of those figures from memory. No one, though, will
ever get to __________ end of pi.
12. Most students are required to take part in the labor class once per week. Since September, labor class has been
listed as __________ official course in the school lives of primary and middle school students.
13. The Jiahu settlement is located in the central plain of ancient China, __________ area known today as the
Henan Province. The people created the country’s oldest recognized civilization.
1. a 考查不定冠词。句意：朱德军大学毕业后的第一份工作是在家乡做道路设计工程师。分析句子可
知，修饰可数名词engineer，应填不定冠词，表示泛指“道路设计工程师”，且road的首字母发音以辅音
音素开头。故填a。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2. our 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：它类似于木星，太阳系中一颗巨大的气态行星。此空在名词前，应
用形容词性代词。“a giant gas planet in ____ (we) solar system”是Jupiter的同位语。故填our。
3. a 考查不定冠词。句意：结果，他们在加工饮食中平均增加了0.77公斤，而在健康饮食中减少了1.08
公斤。As a result是一个固定短语，意为“结果是”。故填a。
4. the 考查定冠词。在表示“年代”的短语中，一般要加上定冠词the，表示特指。故填the。
5. an 考查不定冠词。句意：Saxaul树是一种很好的固沙树种，虽然很容易被忽视，但是很常见。分析句
子可知，修饰可数名词tree species，应填不定冠词，表示泛指“树种”，且excellent的首字母发音以元音
音素开头。故填an。
6. the 考查定冠词。句意：在宋代，人们还发明了一种指示方向的仪器，称为罗盘鱼，它可以在水上漂
浮。在表示“朝代”的名词前，一般要加上定冠词the，表示特指。故填the。
7. it 考查代词。句意：他还说道路的设计并不是为了让自行车和汽车共享道路。分析句子结构可知，此
空应用it做形式宾语，代替后面的不定式to share the road with cars。故填it。
8. a 考查不定冠词。句意：华卫光是内蒙古通辽的一名退休教师，他是一名摄影爱好者。分析句子可
知，修饰可数名词teacher，应填不定冠词，表示泛指“一位退休教师”，且retired的首字母发音以辅音音
素开头。故填a。
9. the 考查定冠词。句意：除了拯救生命和滋养身体，传统中医的魔力存在于中国人生活的各个方面。此
处特指传统中医的魔力，应用定冠词the。故填the。
10. an 考查不定冠词。句意：今年早些时候，英国伦敦11岁的Kashmea Wahi在智商测试中得了162分。
根据句意，此处泛指“一次智商测试”，intelligence以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。
11. the 考查定冠词。句意：然而，没有人会算到圆周率的最后一个数字。分析句子可知，此处需要添加
定冠词the表示特指圆周率这个数字的终点。故填the。
12. an 考查不定冠词。句意：自9月起，劳动课被列为中小学生学校生活的正式课程。设空处后为名词单
数，表示泛指，设空处应用不定冠词，空后的形容词发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
13. an 考查不定冠词。句意：贾湖聚落位于中国古代中部平原，今天被称为河南省的一块地区。此处泛
指“一块地区”，area以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。
Students control shadow puppets(皮影木偶)as the singing voice of 71-
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司year-old Liu Aibang echoes(回荡)across the classroom. They use thin straight pieces of wood to make shadow
puppets step onto the" stage"—a cloth screen. Those sitting in front of the stage play music on drums, suona horns
and other instruments.
This is a Daoqing shadow puppetry class at Longdong University. Except Liu,the other performers of the show
are all college students.
Starting in the Han Dynasty, Daoqing shadow puppetry has been included in the national intangible cultural
heritage list(国家非物质文化遗产名录)since 2006.For years, shadow plays were welcomed by people of all ages.
and were often performed during the festivals. However, with films and TV series becoming popular in the
late1980s,many performers moved on to other jobs. Faced with the choice between protecting this art and making a
good living, Liu chose to stay on.
One day in 2020, Liu received a phone call from Zhao Zhixue. head of the music school at Longdong
University. Zhao told him that the school planned to introduce Daoqing shadow puppetry into college classrooms
and develop young students' long-term interest in intangible cultural heritage. Excited by the news. Liu dropped his
farmwork and became a part-time teacher at the college.
Liu hopes to train more young people." Just as true love is not a one-man show the learning and keeping of
cultural heritage needs efforts(努力）from both the old and the young," Liu said.
1.Where do music performers sit during the shadow puppetry class?
2.When was Daoqing shadow puppetry included in the national intangible cultural heritage list?
3. What did many performers do when films and TV series became popular in the late 1980s?
4.How did Liu feel on hearing about the news from Zhao Zhixue?
5.What’s the meaning of Liu's words in the last paragraph?
长难句分析
原句：（倒数第二段第二句)Zhao told him that the school planned to introduce Daoqing shadow puppetry into
college classrooms and develop young students long-term interest in intangible cultural heritage.
译文：赵志学告诉他，学校计划把道情皮影戏引入到大学课堂中，培养青年学生对非物质文化遗产的长期
兴趣。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司分析：本句是一个复合句。that the school planned to introduce Daoqing shadow puppetry...in intangible cultural
heritage为that引导的宾语从句，作told的直接宾语。
译文
伴随着71岁刘爱帮的歌声在教室里回荡，学生们操控着皮影木偶。他们用又细又直的木棍让皮影木偶
走上“舞台”——一块幕布。坐在舞台前的人用鼓、唢呐和其他乐器演奏音乐。
这是陇东大学的一堂道情皮影戏课。除了刘爱帮，其他表演者都是大学生。
道情皮影戏起源于汉朝，自2006年起被列入国家非物质文化遗产名录。多年来，皮影戏受到不同年龄
段的人的欢迎，而且经常在节日期间上演。然而，随着电影和电视剧在20世纪80年代末开始流行，许多
表演者纷纷转行。面对保护这门艺术和过上好生活的选择时，刘爱帮选择了艺术。
2020年的一天，刘爱帮接到了陇东大学音乐学院院长赵志学打来的电话。赵志学告诉他，学校计划把
道情皮影戏引入到大学课堂中，培养青年学生对非物质文化遗产的长期兴趣。听到这一消息，刘爱帮感到
很激动。他放下农活，到该学院当兼职教师。
刘爱帮希望能培养更多的年轻人。他说：“真爱不是一个人的表演，文化遗产的传承和保护需要老一
代和年轻一代的共同努力。”
答案详析
1.In front of the stage. 根据第一段最后一句"Those sitting in front of the stage play music on drums, suona horns
and other instruments.”可知，那些坐在舞台前的人用鼓、唢呐和其他乐器演奏音乐，故音乐表演者坐在舞台
前。
2.In 2006. 根据第三段第一句“Starting in the Han Dynasty, Daoqing shadow puppetry has...since 2006.”可知道
情皮影戏自2006年起被列入国家非物质文化遗产名录。
3.They moved on to other jobs. 根据第三段中的“However, with films and TV series becoming popular in the
late 1980s, many performers moved on to other jobs.”可知，随着电影和电视剧在 20 世纪 80 年代后期开始
流行，许多表演者换了工作。
4. Excited. 根据倒数第二段最后一句“Excited by the news...”可知，听到这一消息，刘爱帮感到很激动。
5.Everyone should put effort into learning and keeping cultural heritage. 根据文章最后一段的内容可知，刘爱
帮认为真爱不是一个人的表演,文化遗产的学习和保护需要老一代和年轻一代的共同努力。由此可知，他想
表达的意思是每个人都应该努力学习和保护文化遗产。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司
