文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．tap n．龙头；阀门
2．tissue n．纸巾
3．smog n．雾霾
4．battery n．电池
5．carbon n．碳
6．just-me-ism n．以自我为中心，自我中心主义
7．gallon n．加仑
8．institute n．机构；研究院
9．chimpanzee n．黑猩猩
10．brick n．砖，砖块
11．wag vi.& vt.(狗)摇(尾巴)
12．quote n．引文，引用(的话)
13．headstone n．墓碑
14．county n．县
15．pedal vi.& vt.骑n.踏板
16．diagram n．图解，示意图
17．disposable adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的
18．packaging n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
19．honey n．蜂蜜
20．butter n．黄油，牛油
21．yoghurt n．酸奶
22．air conditioning n．空调系统
23．landfill n．废弃物填埋场
24．clean-burning adj.清洁焚烧的
25．waste-to-energy adj.以垃圾作为能源的
26．footwear n．鞋类27．near-surface adj.近地表的
28．build-up n．增长；加强
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．ocean n．海洋，大海
2．desert n．沙漠
3．recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用
4．flat n．一套公寓房，一套住房adj.平坦的
5．root n．树根
6．shoot n．芽，苗；嫩枝vt.射中；射击
7．firm adj.实的；稳固的
8．poster n．海报
9．profit n．盈利，利润
10．pm n．下午
11．union n．联合会
12．contented adj.满意的；满足的
13．region n．地区，区域
14．slim adj.微小的；苗条的；薄的
15．rate n．比率，率
16．overcome vt.克服(困难)；控制(感情)
17．former adj.以前的，从前的
18．current adj.当前的，现时的
19．ordinary adj.普通的；平常的
20．therefore adv.因此；由此
21．path n．小径，小道
22．destination n．目的地；终点
23．resident n．居民
24．attitude n．看法；态度
25．plastic adj.塑料制的
26．sum vt.概括，总结
27．overflow vi.& vt.满是，有许多；泛滥
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．global adj.全球的，全世界的→globe n．球体；地球→globally adv.全球地，全世界地
2．industrial adj.工业的→industry n．工业
3．extinction n．灭绝→extinct adj.灭绝的
4．solution n．解决办法→solve v．解决5．electricity n．电→electric adj.电动的→electrical adj.与电有关的→electronic adj.电子的
6．transport n．交通运输系统，运输方式 vt.运输；传播→transportation n．运输；交通工
具
7．balance n．平衡→balanced adj.平衡的
8．bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦→bothered adj.担心的；烦恼的
9．involve vt.参与；包含→involved adj.卷入的；有关的→involvement n．牵连，参与
10．founder n．创办人，创始者→found v．创办；成立→foundation n．基础；地基
11．organiser n．组织者，安排者→organise vt.组织，筹备→organisation n．组织；团体；
机构
12．occur vi.发生→occurrence n．出现；发生；事件
13.agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的
14．proposal n．建议，提议→propose v．建议，提议
15．survival n．继续生存，幸存→survive vi.& vt.幸存(于)；比……活得长→survivor n．幸
存者
16．determination n．决心；毅力→determine v．决定→determined adj.坚定的；坚决的
17．parking n．(车辆等的)停放→park v．停车
18．disappear vi.消失，不见→disappearance n．消失，不见→appear vi.出现；似乎，显得
19．tracking n．跟踪→track v．跟踪 n．踪迹
20．official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的→officially adv.官方地→office n．办
公室
21．percentage n．百分比，百分率→percent n．百分数
22．container n．容器→contain v．容纳
23．majority n．大多数→major adj.主要的；重要的n.主修科目；主修(某科目的)学生
24．indicate vt.表明；显示→indication n．迹象；表示；标示
25．annually adv.每年；一年一度地→annual adj.每年的；一年一度的
26．pollutant n．污染物→pollute v．污染→pollution n．污染
27．flooding n．水灾，洪水泛滥→flood n．洪水
1．vent/vent/vt.发泄，宣泄(怒火、仇恨等)
2．go ballistic突然发怒
3．flaw/flɔː/n.缺点；缺陷
4．longevity/lɒn'dʒevəti/n.持久；持续时间；寿命
5．sophisticated/sə'fIstIkeItId/adj.见多识广的；富有经验的
6．insult/In'sʌlt/vt.侮辱，冒犯7．remedy/'remədi/n.药物；补救(法)
8．inconclusive/ˌInkən'kluːsIv/adj.非结论性的，无确定结果的
9．extensive/Ik'stensIv/adj.广泛的，全面的
10．chronic/'krɒnIk/adj.(疾病)慢性的，长期的
11．capture sb’s attention吸引某人注意
12．therapy/'θerəpi/n.治疗；疗法
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．do my part for sth尽自己所能做某事
2．can’t be bothered to do sth懒得做某事
3．take action采取行动
4．all around the world全世界
5．make sb’s dream come true (使)某人梦想成真
6．make a difference有影响；有作用
7．suffer from遭受
8．be committed to尽心尽力于，致力于
9．thanks to幸亏；由于
10．work through调整(情绪)；(通过反复思考来)解决(问题)
11．come up with想出，想到
12．take part (in)参加
13．cut back on削减，缩减
14．to sum up总之
15．a matter of只有几个……之多，不多于
16．come up上来；走进；发生，出现；被提出
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Of course，it wouldn’t matter if there were just a few people in the world.(if引导的虚
拟条件句)
当然，如果世界上只有几个人这样，那就无所谓了。
2．To inspire young people to take action for the environment，animals and their community，
Roots & Shoots was established.(to do 置于句首作目的状语)为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环
境、动物和他们的社区，“根与芽”诞生了。
3．People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey，so that someone
else could then take it and use it from there.(so that引导目的状语从句)人们在行程结束时就地停
放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。
4．In 1999，the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking
system to record their every move！(with 复合结构)
1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！
5．The new “white bikes” were not actually white but painted in bright colours.(not...but...)
新的“白色自行车”实际上不是白色的，而是被涂上了鲜艳的颜色。
6．Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people，like the cycling fans of the 1960s and those
who enabled the return of “white bikes”，you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in
central Amsterdam.(those 作先行词的定语从句)
由于这个创意以及众多人的努力，例如 20世纪60年代的骑行爱好者和那些让“白色自行
车”回归的人，现在人们可以在阿姆斯特丹的市中心享受清新的空气和便利的交通。
I used to leave tap water running and lights on，wasting much water and electricity.I
couldn’t be bothered to pick litter up and it never 1.____________(occur) to me that I could
do my part for oceans and deserts.To sum up，I just thought that not I but others were to blame
for smog,2.____________(globe) warming and the extinction of wildlife.
However ， everything changed after I was introduced to “Roots & Shoots” ，
3.____________ founder was Jane Goodall，a best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.The
purpose of the union is not to gain profits but to involve more young people in working out
solutions to 4.____________(pollute) and a balanced ecosystem.Therefore ， we hold
5._________ activity once a month；the organiser chooses one destination，and the majority
of us will take part in it.We may put up posters 6.________________(educate) people to
recycle honey or butter containers，which mostly are made of plastic.We may advocate
cutting back on disposable packaging.Sometimes we help clean up pollutants in rivers；
sometimes we come up with proposals that clean-burning and waste-to-energy plants should
7._______(build)．Besides，we advocate pedaling our bikes and using less air conditioning to
live a low-carbon life.Some local residents have negative attitudes to our
activities,8.____________ we just work through our frustration and overcome difficulties with
great determination.
Currently,9.____________(branch) of organisation have spread to many counties and
regions in China and all around the world,10.____________(indicate) a large percentage of
people are doing ordinary things to make the world better.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
bother v．麻烦，操心；使苦恼(bothered adj.担心的，烦恼的)
•bother to do sth操心/费心做某事
bother sb with/about sth用某事打扰某人
bother sb to do sth麻烦某人做某事It bothers/bothered sb that.../to do...使某人烦恼的是……
•can’t be bothered to do sth懒得做某事
be bothered about sth为……而担心/烦恼
(1)To sum up，the majority of people can’t be bothered ______________( recycle) plastic
products.
(2)(应用文写作之感谢信)任何言语都不足以表达我对你的衷心感谢。首先，几天前我很担心
即将到来的英语演讲比赛，是您费心指导我提高我的发音和演讲技巧。此外，我总是麻烦你
帮我解决我所面临的难题。每当我为我的事情打扰你时，你总是耐心而慷慨地为我提出很好
的建议。
No words are strong enough to express my heartfelt gratitude to you.Firstly ， I
________________________ the coming English Speech Competition a few days ago and it was
you who ________________________ to improve my pronunciation and speech skills.Besides，I
always ________________________________________________ I was faced with.Whenever I
____________________________________ ， you always offered me wonderful proposals
patiently and generously.
(3)(读后续写之心理描写)让凯莉烦恼的是，她要和一群她几乎不认识的孩子一起参加一个派
对，一种担心的感觉在她心头悄然袭来。
________________________ she would be at a party with a bunch of kids she barely knew，a
sense of worry creeping up on her.
involve vt.包含；参与；使参加(卷入)……(involved adj.有关的；卷入的 involvement
n．参与；牵连)
•involve sb in (doing) sth使某人加入/卷入(做)某事
•be/get involved in/with参与；卷入
(1)(应用文写作之通知)Everyone who is interested can sign up for it and therefore，we are
looking forward to your active ____________(involve)．
(2)毋庸置疑，中国传统文化包含书法、中国结、剪纸等等，因此，你可以告诉我哪些最吸
引外国人吗？(2021·全国甲，书面表达)
No one can deny the fact that Chinese traditional cultures _________________________________
and so on and thus，could you please tell me which ones attract foreigners most?
(3)我非常高兴能参加即将举办的旨在促进中英文化交流的中文工坊。(2023·天津6月，书面
表达)
I am more than delighted to ____________________________________ the upcoming Chinese
Workshop，which aims to promote cultural exchange between China and the UK.
contented adj.满意的；满足的(content vt.使满意 n．[pl.]内容；目录 adj.满意的；满足的)
•content oneself with满足于；使(某人)自己对……感到满足
•feel/be content/contented with对……满足/满意
be content to do sth乐于/愿意做某事
(1)The founder and organiser of the union was content _______________(pedal) to the
destination.
(2)我对大卫克服最初疑虑的决心感到满意，大卫对自己在越野赛中的表现感到满意。我们
脸上浮现出满意的微笑。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
I ____________________________________ David’s determination to overcome his initial
doubts and David ________________________________________________ in the cross-country
run.________________________ emerged on our faces.
用法点拨 content和contented都是形容词，但是contented可以作定语和表语，而 content
常常作表语。
occur vi.发生；存在；出现；(想法)产生(occurrence n．出现；发生；事件)
sth occur(s)/occurred to sb某人突然想起某事
It occurs to sb that...某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb to do sth.某人突然想起做某事。
(1)Ocean pollution is not a rare ____________(occur) all around the world，so we must take
action to keep a balance between mankind and oceans.(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
(2)我突然想到要用自己辛辛苦苦挣来的钱帮家里还清债务，于是我扔下最喜欢的玩具，朝
家里飞奔而去。(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)
It ________________________________________________ with my hard-earned money，so I
dropped my favorite toy and sprang towards my home.
(3)(读后续写之动作描写)我突然想起我们骑的马有可能认识回家的路，我破涕为笑。
____________________________________ the horses we were riding might know the way home
and I smiled through tears.(it作形式主语)
用法点拨 表示“某人突然想起……”的用法还有：sth strike(s)/hit(s) sb；It hits/strikes sb
that...
proposal n．建议，提议；求婚(propose vt.提议，建议)
•the proposal to do...做……的建议
•propose doing...建议做……
propose that...(should) do...建议……应该做……(1)The official rejected the proposal ________________(use) more disposable containers.
(2)He came up with a proposal that the students __________(study) basic knowledge hard to lay a
firm foundation for further study.
(3)我建议应该根据我们的语言水平、学习风格和个性对我们学生进行分组，这样我们就可
以更有效地练习说英语。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
________________________________________________________________________
based on our language levels，learning styles and personalities so that we can practise speaking
English more efficiently.
用法点拨 在suggestion，proposal，advice等需要具体内容解释的名词后常用虚拟语气。
determination n．决心；毅力；决定(determine v．测定；决定；确定determined adj.
坚决的；有决心的)
•determine to do...决定做……(表示动作)
determine on/upon (doing) sth决定(做)某事
•be determined to do...决心做……(表示状态)
(1)David determined ____________ taking part in the cross-country run，his eyes twinkling with
great ____________(determine)．(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
(2)就在那时我决定继续在农场工作，以便能帮助养活我的家人。(2021·浙江6月，读后续
写)
It was at that time that I ________________________________________________ so that I could
help support my family.(determine to do)
(3)我决定很好地组织这次主题班会，所以我写信征求你关于哪些中国传统文化最吸引外国
人的建议。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)
____________________________________________________________，so I am writing to ask
you for advice on which Chinese traditional cultures attract foreigners most.(形容词短语作状语)
majority n．大部分；多数，大多数；大半(major adj.主要的；主修的 vi.主修 n．专业；
主修学生)
•in a/the majority占大多数
a/the majority of大多数……
•major in主修……
(1)What made us wild with joy was that the majority of our work ____________(be) finished at 5
pm yesterday.
(2)有些人中途放弃了，但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写
作)Some people gave up halfway，but __________________________ made it to the finishing line.
(3)(应用文写作之申请信)作为一名英语专业的毕业生，我很高兴能申请这个职位。作为一个
英语专业的学生，我不仅能说流利的英语，我也可以帮助你处理各种事务。
As a graduate ________________________ ， I feel excited to apply for the
position.________________________________________________，not only can I speak English
fluently but I can also aid you to handle various matters.
(4)从上面的图表可以很容易地看出，喜欢听英文歌曲的人占大多数。(2022·全国乙，书面表
达)
It can be easily seen from the above chart that those who prefer listening to English songs
________________________.
用法点拨 “a/the majority of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致；
the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
work through调整(情绪)；(通过反复思考来)解决(问题)
break through突破
get through通过；完成；打通(电话)
go through经历；仔细检查
live through经历……而未死
look through浏览，翻阅
用through短语的适当形式填空
(1)Scientists have ________________________ some technological barriers to make the batteries
last longer.
(2)Eager to tell him what I had ____________________ during the past few years，I tried phoning
him but failed to ____________________.
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)If you don’t know the meaning of an unfamiliar word，try to guess the
meaning instead of ____________________ a dictionary at first.
(4)It’s hard for the mother to ____________________ her sadness after her daughter got
drowned.
(5)It was with great determination and courage that the old man ____________________ the
stomach cancer.
cut back on削减，缩减
cut across穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)
cut in插嘴
cut off中止；切掉；使隔绝
cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下cut up切碎
cut down砍倒；削减；删节；缩小(尺寸、数量等)
用cut短语的适当形式填空
(1)The current advice for pregnant women is to ____________________ alcohol.
(2)I usually ____________________ the park on my way home and to school so that I can arrive at
my destination early.
(3)She kept on ________________ during our conversation，which made us very bothered.
(4)He ________________ the meat on his plate impatiently to show his extreme anger.
(5)My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking，but at least he has ________________.
(6)If you can not increase sales，you must ____________________ production.
with＋宾语＋宾补 In 1999，the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time
with a computer tracking system to record their every move！1999年，“白色自行车”回到
了阿姆斯特丹——这次安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！
“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”即with的复合结构，在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。常见的
结构有：with＋宾语＋doing/done/to do/adj./adv./介词短语。
(1)With electricity ____________(cut) off，the residents had to use a candle to light up the
house.
(2)(读后续写之紧张心理描写)我的心开始咚咚跳，嘴里发干，我站起来，向舞台走去。
____________________________________________________________，I rose to my feet and
headed for the stage.
(3)有很多问题需要解决，我冲到医院，找到了生病的伙伴，在他的指导下，我设法完成了
最后的任务。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
________________________________________________，I dashed to the hospital and found
my sick teammate and I managed to finish the last tasks with his guidance.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．balance
(1)To hold a pencil，she must balance it between her wrists，then use her arms to push it along
the page.____________
(2)How can you find the ball that is heavier by using a balance and only weighing twice？
____________
(3)We should appreciate the natural balance and pay more attention to the importance of wildlifeconservation.____________
(4)I was about to pay when I found my credit card balance was low，so I had to pay in
cash.____________
2．shoot
(1)The movie was shot in New Zealand and it appealed to numerous people.____________
(2)Once we set foot on the park，we found the roses putting out new shoots.____________
(3)He finally hit the target after he shot at it several times.____________
(4)Summers in the mid-70s were spent at home shooting baskets，hitting a baseball，or
throwing a football，preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team.(2021·浙江 6
月)____________
(5)Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.(2021·新课标
Ⅰ)____________
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)The baby’s mother deserted him soon after giving birth.____________
(2)With help from Tesla，Westinghouse’s firm developed a system using alternating current，
which soon became the major form of power delivery.(2022·浙江1月)____________
(3)The chance for his survival is very slim.____________
(4)The character of a child is plastic according to experts.____________
(5)According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation,51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to
bed at 10 pm or later on school nights，even though they have to get up early.____________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．The performer couldn’t be ____________(bother) to change the costumes between two
performances.
2．The broad smile on his face suggested that he was contented ____________ his career as a
conductor of the band.
3.Male family members are recommended to get more ____________(involve) in educating
children.
4．It occurred ____________ the sculptor that he could make a sculpture for the nonprofit
organization to show his gratitude.
5．My proposal was that you ____________(learn) from your failure and improve yourself in the
meantime.
6．____________(determine) to come back to the stage，the dancer struggled with his injuries
bitterly.
7．As we can see in the chart，a majority of people ____________(be) opposed to advertisements
inserted in TV plays.
8．It took the player quite a few minutes to work ____________ the massive mental stresscaused by a mistake.
9．With my best friend ____________(guide) me，I gradually mastered the skills of calligraphy.
10．Don’t hesitate to take part ____________ the activity ，or you will miss a good
opportunity to experience many interesting things.
11．Ecologists recommended that human beings should cut back ____________ the emission of
carbon dioxide before it’s too late.
12．If I had seen the traffic signals，I ________________________(not，rush) the red light.
13．Whatever difficulties we will encounter in the coming contest，we should have a positive
attitude ____________ them.
14．Whenever he referred to his sick mother，he was overcome ____________ uncontrollable
grief.
15．He put forward a perfect solution ____________ settling the problem and we all looked at him
with great admiration.
假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，你所在城市近年来交通拥堵越来越严重，请你
以学生会的名义向全校师生写一封绿色出行的倡议书。内容包括：
1.绿色出行的意义；
2.绿色出行的方式；
3.提出号召。
完成句子
1．随着私家车的增加，我们城市的交通堵塞变得越来越严重，所以我代表学生会呼吁大家
绿色出行。(with＋宾语＋宾补)
________________________________________________________________________
2．如果我们不采用绿色出行，我们就无法建立一个可持续发展的环境，也无法拥有健康的
生活方式。(if引导的虚拟条件句)
________________________________________________________________________
3．为了实现这一目标，我强烈建议，我们首先要进一步提高对绿色出行重要性的认识。
(propose)
________________________________________________________________________
4．一旦我们决定骑自行车或乘公共交通工具而不是开私家车出行，我们不仅可以避免交通
堵塞，而且还可以改善我们的健康。(determine；not only...but also...的倒装结构)
________________________________________________________________________
5．在我们的日常生活中，我们应该想出更有效的措施来过绿色生活。(come up with)
________________________________________________________________________组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
教材语料整合
[动作描写] tap；recycle；do my part for sth；shoot；bother；take action；
wag；involve；disappear；pedal；cut back on；sum；overflow
亮词
[环境描写] ocean；smog；desert；path；flooding
[情感描写] just-me-ism；contented；overcome；determination；work through
1.Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on
when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up.
美句 (动作描写)
2．Every individual matters.Every individual has a role to play.Every individual
makes a difference.(结尾升华句)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：焦虑、担忧与无助、绝望
anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的→anxiously adv.焦虑地→anxiety n．焦虑，忧虑
worried adj.担心的，发愁的→worrying adj.令人担心的→worry vt.使忧虑，使担
单词
心 n．担心，忧虑
helpless/hopeless adj.无助的，绝望的→helplessness/hopelessness n．无助；绝望
with anxiety焦虑地 be concerned/worried about担忧 full of/filled with anxiety焦
虑不安 feelings of anxiety and concern焦虑而担忧的感觉 bend one’s head in
词块
despair 垂头丧气 abandon oneself to helplessness陷入无助 be reduced to tears伤
心落泪 heart torn with despair绝望得撕心裂肺
Fog beginning to creep into the forest，I grew increasingly concerned.(独立主格结
构)
雾开始悄悄进入森林，我越来越担心。
Filled with anxiety，he froze there helpless，frowning.(过去分词短语作状语；形容
词作状语)他充满了焦虑，无助地僵在那里，皱着眉头。
句型
With everything swallowed by the darkness，Mary was close to crying with anxiety
and fear.(with复合结构)一切都被黑暗吞没了，玛丽既担心又害怕，几乎要哭了。
Worried/Concerned about the journey，I was unsettled for the first few days.(形容
词短语作状语)由于担心这次旅行，头几天我心神不宁。
He was so nervous about the English test that he lay awake half the night，worried.(so...that...；形容词作状语)他对英语考试感到如此紧张，以至于大半夜都睡不着
觉，心神不宁。
He gazed at the confusion around him，overwhelmed by/overcome with a feeling of
despair.(过去分词短语作状语)他凝视着周围一片混乱，感到一阵绝望。
语料运用 环境保护
The moment I set foot on my hometown ten years later，I gazed at the bare mountain and
dirty river and froze there，①______________________________________________(过去分词
短 语 作 状 语 ) ． Past beautiful scenery came back in floods.I
②__________________________________ ， thinking what had contributed to the terrible
environment.③________________________(形容词短语作状语)，I was unsettled for the first
few days，being on pins and needles.④____________(形容词短语作状语)，I began delivering
lectures to ⑤___________________.The public’s active responses melted away my feelings of
anxiety and concern.
十年后，当我踏上家乡的那一刻，我望着光秃秃的山和脏兮兮的河，在那里僵住了，感
到一阵绝望。往日的美景如洪水般涌了回来。我流下了眼泪，绝望地低下了头，想着是什么
造成了这种可怕的环境。由于担心被破坏的环境，我在最初的几天里心神不宁，感觉如坐针
毡。决定改变这种状况，我开始发表演讲，敦促人们保护环境。公众的积极反应消解了我焦
虑和担忧的感觉。
