文档内容
教材习题答案
Learning to learn 2
The textswritersareGrahamLawrenceandBrianJenkins. Graham
略
1 was once Mr Jenkins student. They talk about the memories that
2 they have of eachother. Thetextswerewrittenbecausethestudent
Continuous text types an article a chapter an essay
: ꎬ ꎬ and the teacher remembered how they influenced each other.
Non ̄continuous text types road signs graphs posters
: ꎬ ꎬ
3
3
a series of events Hes a bit lazy.
Science had been a subject full
someone feels or what something looks like
of strange words.
explain something and which normally contains facts believe
Before Graham went to He didnt want to know what
something
Mr Jenkins class hydrogen was.
4
He found science boring and
Narration a sequence or a time order
[ ]
difficult.
first next later then finally or eventually
— ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
He lacked confidence.
both different similar same although
— ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
while yet He explained thingswith lotsof
ꎬ
Description all related to the main topic practical examples and in
[ ] How Mr Jenkins did
Exposition first second then finally simple language.
[ ] — ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ his teaching
can be divided into the first type the second He took students outside and
— ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
type the third type they built a rocket
ꎬ !
a cause and effect
— He was interested in the study
a problem and solution After Graham became Mr
— of the stars and planets.
略 Jenkins student
5 He gave a presentation.
UNIT 1 RELATIONSHIPS
4
Topic talk He was very difficult.
1
Theres no such thing as a good or a bad student.
略
2
1
The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to
3
2
childrens minds when they are open and eager to learn.
mother understands and supports me
ꎬ
kind loving and compassionate 5
ꎬ Graham Lawrence was not very good at most school subjects. He
Christmas time
wasa bit lazy. Science was a subject full of strange words to him.
3 He didnt want to know what hydrogen was. He found science
Im closest to my grandmother because she understands and
boringanddifficult. Helackedconfidence. Whenhewas andhe
supports me when I have problems. I would say she is kind and 15
went into Mr Jenkins class he really became interested in a
intelligent. I have so many memories but one particular occasion ꎬ
subject for the first time. Mr Jenkins had heard stories about
wasthefirstdayofmyseniorsecondaryschool.Iwasverynervous
Grahams bad behaviour but he believed there was no such a thing
but she helped me stay calm and she gave me some good advice.
as agoodorabadstudentandtriedtomakelessonsinteresting. He
4 helped Graham realise that he had his own strengths.
grandmother emotional and moved
ꎬ
a childhood friend helped him with his studies grateful 6
ꎬ ꎬ He did well with Graham. Though he had known Graham was
sister visited her in hospital every day 1
ꎬ very difficult he made everything interesting in his teaching to
ꎬ
5 attract his attention by setting up experiments. He also explained
My best friend has a similar personality to me. We have the same
difficult things with practical examples and in simple language.
sense of humour. Shes funny and intelligent.
Mr JenkinshelpedGrahamfindhisinterestandstrength e.g. Mr
My cousin is kind. He always helps me and understands and 2 ꎬ
Jenkins set up an experiment to attract his attention in the first
supports me. He isnt very outgoing but hes passionate about
class. He gave Graham chances to present his interest and boosted
comic books.
his confidence. Graham was bright.
Lesson 1 Teachers Mr Jenkins is patient and he understands students. He was good
3
with difficult students like Graham and he knew how to help them
1
I think teachers should understand their students. And I think that by explaining things with practical examples and in simple
teachers should explain things with practical examples and in language. He helped students feel confident. He is a good teacher
simple language. because he cares about his students and wants them all to do well.
1
续表
7
Science had simply beenasubjectfullofstrangewordstome
1 “ ” How the Students
happened before Before Mr Jenkins taught me . Types
“ ” interviewees teacher reactions/
I had heard stories about his bad behaviour happened before of feedback
2 “ ” gives feedback feelings
Graham was very difficult before he came into my class.
“ ” gives very general
I had chosen a job with a lot of stress happened before I
3 “ ” “ comments such as
knew .
” good excellent
Student “ ꎬ ꎬ
8 well done Indirect not enough
a simple past tense ”
3 doesnt point out
b past perfect tense
my mistakes and
9 give suggestions
b b
ꎻ
10 3
My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had run Positive and negative feedback
1 2
out of petrol. General and specific feedback
My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had hit a Direct and indirect feedback
stone halfway.
4
The dog hid under the sofa because it ate the familys dinner. feedback confidence intention effective demanding
2 1 2 3 4 5
The dog hid under the sofa when it had been scared. further comments strengths specific highlight
6 7 8 9 10
A car crashed into a tree because the driver had fallen asleep. tenses
3 11
A car crashed into a tree because it had broken down.
5
TheSmithswentonaround ̄the ̄worldtripbecauseMrSmithgot
4 Opinions Reasons
a pay rise.
Understand some
The Smiths went on a round ̄the ̄world trip because Mr Smith had
students feelings
got a promotion.
about direct
Try to give feedback
Lesson 2 How do we like teachers feedback?
feedback.
Professor Smith in a less direct
Negative feedback
1 manner.
When I was a junior secondary school student I always got mighthurtstudents
ꎬ
negative feedback from my physicalteacher. Ithurtmyconfidence confidence and
badly. interest in learning.
2 Students need to
How the Students It is best to point out get used to tough
Types
interviewees teacher reactions/ Professor Jones students problem comments when
of feedback
gives feedback feelings directly. they dont do good
usually points out work.
Student feel quite hurt
our mistakes in front Negative
loseconfidence 6
1 of the whole class I believe I think I can agree with I see your point
1 2 3 4
talks to us face Lesson 3 So close, yet so far
to face
tells us exactly 1
Social networking and the Internet play an important part in my
where our problems
daily life. I chat with friends and watch videos.
are and how we
Student Positive
can improve helpful 2
Direct I have more than online friends. I think that social networking
2 gives us an 300
andtheInternethelpimprovemyrelationshipswithmyfriends.For
opportunity to raise
example one of mybestfriendswentabroadwhenIwasinjunior
further questions ꎬ
secondary school.The only way that I can contact her is the
about anything we
Internet. I always chat with her and we talk about our lives with
dont understand
each other.
3
He spends a lot of time chatting to his friends online.
He posts updates on social media.
He is always checking his phone when he is with other people.
He has too many friends to know them all well.
2
教材习题答案
of I to start a sentence which is typical of personal blogs.
4 “ ” ꎬ
afraid to miss Writing workshop
check through his social
some important 略
networking apps read 1
ꎬ notices deadlines
his emails and answer ꎬ ꎬ 2
appointments
Explanation of requirement/responsibility purpose for writing
text messages scroll 1 ꎬ ꎬ
ꎬ drive them away and invitations
current request/expectation ending the email background
through his friends ꎻ ꎬ ꎬ
his classmates
information of the event
posts and photos
ꎬ andteachersmay
Explanation of requirement to listen to all the speeches and
download song after
2 :
need to contact
judge on their pronunciation clarity and fluency and come to a
song video after video
ꎬ ꎬ
ꎬ him at any time
decision who comes first second and third.
ꎬ
Purpose for writing to judge the final competition.
5 :
My phone and my laptop are never out of touching distance. Current request to attend a short meeting and discuss the details
1 “ ” :
I have a never ̄ending flow of messages and updates... with other judges.
2 “ ”
Theysaythatphonesbringpeopleclosertogetherbutinreality Ending the email to hope he can come.
3 “ ꎬ :
my mind is always a million miles away. Background information of the event to run a school ̄wide public
” :
...but I cant remember the birthdays of some of my oldest speaking competition
4 “
mates.
” 3
I will start doing my homework at pm and aim to finish in Para. Purpose of writing
5 “ 8 ꎬ 1
two hours. At . pm Imstillscrollingthroughmyfriendssilly Para. Background information of the event
750 ꎬ 2
posts and photos. I download song after song video after video Para. Explanation of requirement/responsibility
ꎬ ꎬ 3
but Im not really paying attention. The stimulation is in chasing Para. Current request/expectation
4
after the next song rather than truly enjoying it. Para. Ending the email
” 5
Some spent the dinner bent over their phones texting friends
6 “ ꎬ 4
online but ignoring the ones who sat right in front of them. I am writing on behalf of the students in my class/school. You
”
I need it for my studies because my teachers and classmates would be responsible forjudgingtheschoolevent. Ifyouhaveany
7 “
need to contact me at any time. questions please do let me know.
” ꎬ
略
6 5—7
a long way past
1 Viewing workshop
stop doing something completely
2
alcoholic drinks 1
3 I like it when people praise me for something Ive done well. It
be born with the character
4
makes me happy and I feel proud of myself. I feel better when
7
people say Thank You. to me when I do something for them. If
Because he does not talk to his friends face ̄to ̄face when he “ ”
1
they dont say anything sometimes I get annoyed.
attends parties or plays sports. Examples I obsess over exactly ꎬ
:
how many followers I have on my account but I cant remember
2
ꎬ
She had some personal experiences. She noticed that when she
the birthdays of some of my oldest mates. His friends spent the
1
was growing up and until about recently she would want to say
dinner bent over their phones texting friends online but ignoring
ꎬ ꎬ
ꎬ
the ones who sat right in front of them. Thankyou. tosomeone andshewouldwanttopraisethem she
“ ” ꎬ ꎬ
Mark suggests that young people today have been brought up would want totakeintheirpraiseofherbutshewouldjuststopit.
2
with socialnetworksandthattheyareanimportantpartofourlives Am I the only one who does this
2 “ ?”
which we cant live without. However our addiction to social She decides to investigate into it in order to find the answer.
ꎬ 3
networks can lead to a loss of friendships or meaningful
3
relationships due to less face ̄to ̄face contact in real life.
2 1 3 4
8 4
The text type of this piece of writing is a web blog which uses a Questions
ꎬ
mixture of exposition and description. Its purpose is to tell young Why was I blocking it
1 ?
readers that social networking on the Internet is causing distance Why were other people blocking it
2 ?
and disconnection in real life relationships through the detailed Reasons
description of Marks experience and feelings.
1235
Marksuse of language could be asking rhetorical questions
: 1) ꎬ 5
e.g. Where am I What am I doing irony e.g. most of the Thank you for lending me your notes last week. I am very
“ ? ?”2) ꎬ 1
words in the secondparagraphdescribehowbusyheisbutthenhe grateful. I wouldnt pass the exam without them.
ends the paragraphwiththetruthofbeinglonely whichisasharp IwantmyparentstothankmewhenIhelpathome. Iwouldsay
ꎬ 2
contrast. using examples to support his ideas like the dinner Mum Dad when I do things without being asked could you
3) ꎬ “ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
get ̄together to show that friends saynothinginreallife. theuse please say Thank you. to me
4) ‘ ?”
3
be passionate and determined about what you do Liu Yang
Reading club 1 ꎻ ꎻ
astronaut believe in yourself and to be grateful committed
略 ꎻ ꎻ
1 and focused
2
Peer pressure can happen when we are influenced to do 3
1 If you want to be successful you really need to be optimistic.
somethingwewouldnotusuallydobecausewewanttobeaccepted ꎬ
A successful person always remains energetic and disciplined.
by our peers. It can influence how people dress how they talk
ꎬ ꎬ Other secrets of success are to put in effort and learn from failure.
what music they listen to what attitudes they adopt and how they
ꎬ Many important business people have these skills and
behave.
characteristics. They always persevere when they have a problem
Themostimportantthingistobuildupself ̄confidence sothatit
2 ꎬ and try their best to solve it.
is easier to say No to the peer group. Students can do this by
“ ”
choosing theirfriendswisely Itsagoodideaforteenstosurround 4
:
themselves with positive role models. 4ꎬ1ꎬ3ꎬ2
Lesson 1 Money vs Success
3
The writer thinks that peer pressure isharmful and we should fight
1
peer pressure becauseattheendofthetext thewritersaysthatif Being amillionairemeansthatIhavealotofmoneyandIcanuse
ꎬ ꎬ
we give in to peer pressure the result will be negative. However it to livemorecomfortablyandbuymorethings. Thiswillhelpme
ꎬ ꎬ
if we stop and think about the consequences we might make a do what I want to and have a successful family life.
ꎬ
different decision.
2
Jason thinks that money doesnt give people a feeling of
4
I think the ideas the writer suggests are good. We should choose satisfaction or success. He feels that only having a little money
friends who accept us and wont try to change us. However makes him free and he doesnt want to go back to being rich. He
ꎬ ꎬ
sometimesourclassmatestrytopressureusintodoingthingsandit believes that the sense of achievement comes from helping others
can be embarrassingtosay No . Andweareafraidthatwemight and finding the meaning in life.
“ ”
be left out and lose the sense of belonging to our group. 略
3
Reading club 2 4
Jason Harley was a college professor with a huge six ̄bedroom
1 house and a fortune of two million dollars years ago. Then he
T F F F 16
1 2 3 4 gave away all his money to charities. Today he lives in a small
2 dormitory room with only second ̄hand furniture. He appreciates
Yes. I agree with the writers opinion. Because the environment
ꎬ this change. And this brought him happiness.
for example the geographical features like an island or a vast
ꎬ
country has influences on peoples lifestyles and certain 5
ꎬ He wastiredofbeingregardedaslivingasuccessfullifeandfelt
personality traits are more valued in one culture than in another. 1
very guilty because he had everything while many people had
ꎬ
3 nothing.
Maybe the peoplewholiveonislandsaremoreisolatedfromother
He knew millions of people died of hunger every year and there
people and cultures. And they depends more on themselves. 2
were places with no schools and no teachers. Many people could
Check your progress never go to school. They didnt have the chances to learn and to
get on in life. He hoped his money could help the poor people to
1
engaging practical experiment acid handled get something they need.
1 2 3 4 5
constantly worthwhile on behalf of He felt it was akindofsatisfactionthathehadneverfeltbefore.
6 7 8 3
He wasmuch happier because he had discovered that having only
2 ꎬ
came found had just seen told had sent had a little money makes him free and he is living according to his
1 2 3 4 5 6
told had done arrived didnt tell had happened values.
7 8 9 10
3 6
confidence stressed ashamed associated fluently we can infer that Jason appreciates the change he made. He feels
1 2 3 4 5
presentation clarity sincerely happy to give up the lifestyle of a rich man. And he is pleased to
6 7 8
help others.
4
Inmyopinion socialising chatteraway Imnotsure
1 2 3 4 7
I agree with that social media rude dominates Ithinkhemadeagooddecisionbecausenowhelivesinasimple
5 6 7 8 1
associate with way and this brought him happiness. He felt a kind of satisfaction
9
UNIT 2 SUCCESS
that he had never felt before.
He is successful because he is happy and he is helping others.
2
Topic talk
8
I think having clear goals is the key to success. professor guilty turnhisbackon charity geton
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
dormitory appreciates ultimate symbol drop out of
2 7 8 9 10
4
教材习题答案
9 Lesson 2 Top five secrets of success
becoming S getting O making O taking O
1 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 4 ( ) 略
having S 1—2
5 ( )
3
10 Be passionate.
He often complains about how little he is earning. 1
1 Be confident.
I find helping homeless people is not easy. 2
2 Work hard.
Marys hobby is collecting stamps. 3
3 Set your goal high.
Telling Davy your ideas will help him understand you. 4
4 Keep trying.
略 5
11
5
4
Representative
Secrets Supporting facts Achievements
figures
For more than years he has His research has not only helped China find a way
Yuan Longping the 50 ꎬ
.Be Passionate. ꎬ devoted his life to rice to remove hunger but also contributed to world
1 father of hybrid rice
production. peace and social progress.
Despite all the hardships he Huawei has become one of the worlds largest
. Have vision and Ren Zhengfei the
2 ꎬ faced he was committed to companies of telecommunications equipment and
determination. founder of Huawei ꎬ
innovation in key technologies. smart devices.
For about five years when he
ꎬ His hard work gave him a big advantage over other
BillGates oneofthe was a teenager he spent
.Work hard. ꎬ ꎬ 10ꎬ people and he became one of the founders of
3 founders of Microsoft hours working on a basic
000 Microsoft by the age of .
computer. 20
At the age of five Novak
ꎬ
Novak Djokovic one Djokovic decided he didnt
ꎬ Djokovic aged won three major world
.Set your goal high. of the best want to be just a good tennis ꎬ 24ꎬ
4 championships andbecametheWorldNumberOne.
tennis players player he wanted to be the
ꎬ
best tennis player in the world.
J.K. Rowling didnt listen to
...for the last ten years J.K. Rowling has been the
J. K. Rowling the thenegativecommentsfromthe ꎬ
.Keep trying. ꎬ author of the most famous childrens books in the
5 authorofHarryPotter twelve publisher who rejected
world.
her books.
略
5 2
The article tells the story of an athlete and the sacrifices she
6 1
influential makes for her sport.
1
devoted to production I think it is from a blog.
2 ꎻ ꎻ 2
hunger I think the writer is a triathlete.
3 3
minimum
4 3
championship
5 The situation the writer faces
rejected publishers
6 ꎻ
Things she gives up as an Birthday parties family holidays
ꎬ ꎬ
7
Olympic athlete nights out
A book that gives lots of great tips on how to be successful.
1
Annlearntthatthebookencouragespeopletopreparethemselves Her friends worries and She will lose her friends
2 ꎻ
for success. her reactions She knew they were right.
I learnt about how to develop good habits through a positive
3 Whether she is pushing the limits
attitude and learnt effective daily practices. The fears she faces on a
too much whether she is being
daily basis ꎻ
8 selfish.
Oh
1
Please tell me about it
2 4
Really Im interested in it No he didnt because he was afraid that when she reached the
3 ? 1 ꎬ ꎬ
Wow top she would have no friends.
4
Mm No shedidnt becausesheknewwhatherfriendsaidwasright
5 2 ꎬ ꎬ
and she was pushing the limits too hard. She did not try to explain
Lesson 3
because most people would not understand.
略
1
Yes she was. From the description of her sacrifice we could boils down to enormous countless extremes
3 ꎬ 1 2 3 4
know she is a go ̄getter with an enormous amount of drive and intensity normal outstanding selfish lengths
“ ” 5 6 7 8 9
determination to be the best. We can see that through her applying myself
10
descriptions such as ruining a family holiday because of the
“ 10
endless search for a swimming pool to train in almost missed the / the the / / the the
”ꎬ “ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
my brothers wedding because l was busy hiring a car and driving
11
through the nogoareasinordertodoagroupridewiththelocal the only girl
‘
triathletes . the best
”
the sacrifices
5
Reasons across the table put the limit
ꎬ
get ahead on class work rather than go out and play Johannesburg
get the bus on her own at ten years old birthday parties
go to swim lengths of the pool while other kids played drive
100
pool games
12
the only girl in a rugby club of boys the the The the / / the
250 1 2 3 4 5 ꎻ 6
略
6 13
A very good reason refers that it takes a lot to be at the top .
“ ” “ ” Writing workshop
On a day ̄to ̄day basis refers to every day.
“ ”
The list is endless refers to countless birthday parties and 1
“ ” “ Im going towriteaboutYaoMing.Hewasabasketballplayerand
nights out I have missed ruining a family holiday in France
ꎬ he wasreallytall.InmyopinionhewasthebestChinesebasketball
because oftheendlesssearchforswimmingpooltotrainin almost
ꎬ player who played for the NBA.
missing my brothers wedding because I was too busy hiring a car
in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the no ̄go areas 2
“ ” Lang Ping is one of Chinas most recognised athletes.
in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes . 1
” Her strong and powerful playing style earned her the name Iron
An enormous amount of drive and determination refers that 2 “
“ ” Hammer .
from a small girl I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead ”
“ ꎬ In the Olympics Chinas team won the gold medal. With
on class work rather than go out and play I would get the bus on 3 1984 ꎬ
ꎻ Lang Pingshelp theteamachievedaseriesofamazingwinsfrom
my own at ten years old and go to swim lengths of the pool ꎬ
100 to including the World Cup Olympics and the World
while other kidsplayed pool games I wasthe only girl in a rugby 1981 1985ꎬ ꎬ
ꎻ Championship.
club of boys. I have always lived my life to extremes.
250 ” After retiring as an athlete in she has been successful as a
Three or four outstanding years of winning stuff refers that if 4 1986ꎬ
“ ” “ volleyball coach in the United States and Italy. In she
your dream is to be the best and reach the winners platform you 1995ꎬ
ꎬ returned to become the coach of the womens national team who
had better be totally committed to your sport .
” won the World Cup.
2015
7 People like her not only because of her devotion to her career
I think the first one is true. The writer says These are the fears I 5 ꎬ
“ but also because of her huge influence on the sport of volleyball.
face as a professional athlete on a day ̄to ̄day basis. And she also
”
mentions swimming and riding. I think number is true because 3
4 ꎬ b a a c
she says I miss birthday parties ruin family holidays and skip ꎻ ꎻ ꎻ
“ ꎬ 略
nights out and missing my brothers wedding...in order to do a 4—8
” “
group ridewiththelocaltriathletes . Ithinknumber isalsotrue Viewing workshop
” 6 ꎬ
because wecanseefrom Itiscertainlynotabalancedwaytolive 略
“ 1
anditiscertainlynotnormalbutthosewordsaregenerallynotused
2
for anyone who is striving for greatness. They thinksuccessisaone ̄waystreet. Theystopdoingeverything
”
that leads up to success after they achieve it.
8
The first important reason isthatshewasbornwithanenormous They figure theyve made it and then they sit back in their
1 ꎬ
amount of drive and determination in paragraph . The second comfort zone.
( 5)
important reason is that she has always lived her life to extremes
ꎬ 3
whatever she is applying herself to in paragraph . The third Reaching success Richard worked hard and pushed himself but
( 6) ꎬ ꎬ
reason is that as a professional athlete she is prepared to do that then he sat back and relaxed.
little extra in her preparation that sets her apart from her Reaching success Richard was good at coming up with good
ꎬ
competitors in paragraph . ideas but then he thought ideas come like magic.
( 8) ꎬ
I think she will get to the top because she has so much Reaching success Richard focused on clients and projects and
2 ꎬ ꎬ
commitment to the profession she has chosen and she is so ignored the money but then he got distracted by money.
ꎬ
determined to be the best. Reaching success Richard didwhatheloved butthenhegotinto
ꎬ ꎬ
stuff that he didnt love like management.
9 ꎬ
6
教材习题答案
4 3
He became depressed. He lost his clients and they had to let all been obsessive about basketball
1 1
their employees go. do that extra little bit more
2
He went to the doctor who put him on anti ̄depressants. He went make many sacrifices
2 3
back to do the projects he loved and worked hard to reach success lived my life to extremes
4
again. Yes but it wasnt a quick trip. It took seven years. pushed myself to the limits
ꎬ 5
He could buy anything he wanted but he wasnt happy. Money strive for greatness
3 6
cant buy happiness.
4
Success is a continuous journey. Its important to follow the S O P S S
4 1 2 3 ꎬ 4
principles to sustain success as well as achieve it.
5
略 / the the / /
5 1 2 3 4 5
略
Reading club 1 6
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
1
He felt he needed to contribute to his country after living abroad
Topic talk
for many years. Huang developed advanced cameras that can see
略
through the Earths crust so that it can be analysed without having 1
to digintoit. Hesetupastate ̄of ̄the ̄artlab. ThisenabledChinas 2
live our planet
deep earth exploration technology into a world ̄leading position. It ꎻ
the use of oil and coal
also led to Chinas lunar probe being landed on the moon.
recycle and reduce the amount of waste we produce
2
Huang Danian didnotlivelongbuthemademajoradvancesinhis 3
Rhinos are in danger.
area of expertise. He had a life with great success and 1
Some people incorrectly think rhinos horns are useful in
achievements. 2
medicine and illegally hunt them.
Reading club 2 Making everyone know that hunting these animals is illegal and
3
that these amazing animals are part of the world we live in.
1
Failuretaughtherthingsaboutherselfthatshecouldhavelearntno There will be no rhinos left in the world in years.
4 20
other way. She discovered that she had a strong will and more
ꎬ 4
discipline than she had expected. Rhinos are in danger.
1
Somepeopleincorrectlythinkrhinoshornsareusefulinmedicine
2 2
At tough moments in their lives they show grit. and llegally hunt them.
ꎬ
Making everyone know that hunting these animals is illegal and
3 3
Its apassionforsomethingandthedeterminationtoworkhardand that these amazing animals are part of the world we live in.
stick with it. Its very easy to give up when we hit setbacks but There will be no rhinos left in the world in years.
ꎬ 4 20
people with grit keep going. 略
5
4 Lesson 1 The sixth extinction
I think that Steve Jobsfeltthatbeingsuccessfulwasahugeweight
略
onhisshoulders.Therewasalotofpressureonhimtoperformand 1
to come up with brilliantideasbecausehewassuccessfulatsucha 2
b c a
young age. When he was fired all those expectations disappeared ꎻ ꎻ
ꎬ
and he was free to start a new life and to do what he wanted. 3
Meaning of extinction entire species are wiped out
1 :
5 The number of extinctions that have occurred so far over %
I agree with the saying. Failures are stepping stones that lead to 2 : 90
of all species that ever lived
success.Peoplealwaysmakemistakes.Failuresprovideopportunity
Two notable extinctions and their consequences the third mass
for use to figure out the reasons for not succeeding and work 3 :
ꎬ extinction killed % to % of all species the fifth event
towards avoiding them in the future. The more you fail the more ꎬ 90 96 ꎻ ꎬ
ꎬ which occurred million years ago caused the death of
experience you have and the better changes you have to be a 66 ꎬ
ꎬ the dinosaurs
success in the future.
Mainreasonsthatcauseextinctions volcaniceruptions asteroids
4 : ꎬ
Check your progress hitting the Earth from space changes in sea level the decrease of
ꎬ ꎬ
oxygen content of the sea global warming
1 ꎬ
professor giving away dormitory furniture fortune Howtoavoidthesixthmassextinction changethewaywelive
1 2 3 4 5 5 : ꎬ
guilty earned appreciate including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be
6 7 8
protected change how we workandtravelbyusingcleaner more
2 ꎻ ꎬ
minimum motivating influential rejected Founders natural sources of energy improve our farming methods
1 2 3 4 5 ꎻ
commitment confidence
6 7 4
7
The study found that how quickly species die out due to natural boxes. Its convenient tobuymeatorfruitorvegetablesthatarein
1
causes that is the backgroundextinctionrate . Theyfoundthat packets or boxes because it makes shopping quicker and it keeps
ꎬ ꎬ “ ”
human activityiscausingspeciestodieout timesfasterthan the products fresh and helps it last longer. However it is wasteful
1ꎬ000 ꎬ
normal. as most people dont recycle the packets.
Because human activity has negatively affected all other species
2 2
on Earth including animals and plants. K A K A K A
ꎬ 1 2 3 4 5 6
Because our world and our livesdepend on the balance in nature
3 3
between animals and plants.
Plastic Packaging
People protected Old Blues eggs helped them to hatch and
4 ꎬ ꎬ Kevin Against Alice For
took care of the chicks. People are restoring their habitats and : :
removing pestslikemiceandcatsfromtheislandswheretheylive. Each coconut was
The casestudyshowedthatevenindesperatesituations wecando wrapped in clear thin
ꎬ ꎬ
something to help. In short its never too late. plastic.
ꎬ
Isnt this the most stupid But there is a reason for this.
5
. Facts over % ofallspeciesthateverlivedareextinct the example of packaging Supermarkets want to make sure
1 (1) : 90 ꎻ
Great Dying which killed % to % of all species human ever that coconuts reach the consumer
“ ”ꎬ 90 96 ꎻ ?
activity is causing species to die out times faster than But its completely in the best condition. The
1ꎬ000
normal. wasteful and unnecessary. packaging helps to keep the
Reasons air and water pollution forests being destroyed factory It already has its own productfresh theproductwilllast
: ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
farming and overfishing are causing species to die out without natural packaging. Its got longer.
ꎻ
forests we would have no air to breathe and without clean water a tough shell thats almost But the plastic wrapping also
ꎬ
we would be unable to survive. impossible to break has other uses. It stops coconut
!
Opinions/predictions many scientists say we are now entering the A lot of the plastic used hairs from getting into other food
:
Earths sixth mass extinction scientists believe that up to three in packaging never during transport. And it keeps the
ꎻ
quarters of all species on Earth could die out. recycles. Its terrible for coconut clean.
Solutions we need to take steps to save endangered species the environment our But lets be realistic we still
: ꎬ : :
including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be oceans are full of plastic need packaging. We just need to
protected we need to change how we work and travel... we also waste and animals and use the right kind of packaging.
ꎻ ꎻ ꎬ
need to improve our farming methods... birds end up swallowing
This piece of writing is an exposition. the plastic and dying as a
(2)
Its purpose is to explain what the sixth extinction is and its result.
(3)
effects and call on people to take action to prevent it from
happening. 4
He saw each coconut was wrapped in clear thin plastic.
. The writer uses ways such as citing ideas from experts or 1 ꎬ
2 Its stupid and wasteful.
authorities giving examples and using data. I believe that if we 2
ꎬ Using recycled packaging.
take action now it is not too late to save other species from 3
He suggests we should do away with packaging completely and
4
extinction. The black robin was saved from extinction when only
take our own refillable containers.
five birds remained so l think it is possible to save any species if
ꎬ
5
we act right now.
They are talking about how to become more environmentally
1
6 aware.
endangered animals entire species natural resources significant
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ They easily throw away newspapers and glass bottles.
2
change mass extinction solar energy
ꎬ ꎬ No there are lotsof groupsof people online who share ideason
3 ꎬ
7 how to reduce and recycle and who are committed to contributing
is known as died out has affected depend on take
1 2 3 4 5 to a better future for our planet.
action take steps set up take care of wipe out
6 7 8 9
6
8 Waste that can be What Amy and Lisa
Refers to extinctions Refers to the Great Dying Refers
1 2 “ ” 3 reduced or reused decide to do in the future
to scientists Refers to scientists Refers to special areas
4 5 (1)
defining clause non ̄defining clause Plastic bags Buy reusable shopping bags
(2)
9 Takeaway food packaging Cook at home
D D ND ND ND
1 2 3 4 5 Tell restaurants not to give any
略
10 Cartons and plastic cutlery plastic cutlery chopsticks or
ꎬ
Lesson 2 War on plastic packets paper plates
1
Alotofthingswebuyinthesupermarketareinplasticpacketsand
8
教材习题答案
续表 make excuses
7
pick up
Waste that can be What Amy and Lisa 8
略
reduced or reused decide to do in the future 9
Sort rubbish and take them to a Writing workshop
Newspapersandglassbottles
recycling centre 略
1
2
7 The pros and cons of factory farming.
We should That sounds Lets I think 1
1 2 3 4 The main argument for factory farming is that apart from being
略 2 ꎬ
8 a lot cheaper than traditional or organic farming it provides more
ꎬ
Lesson 3 The road to destruction food for a world populationthathasalreadyreachedsevenbillion
ꎬ
according to the United Nations. Opponents of factory farming say
1
I spend about twenty minutes travelling to school but sometimes that it is cruel to the animals.
there are traffic jams and it takes longer. I feel stressed out and We should try to reduce this kind of farming although we would
ꎬ
sometimes I feel angry because l dont want to be late. have to pay more for our eggs and meat.
2 3
million / % / / c d b a
32 25 2500 30000 1 2 3 4
略
3 4
in my opinion
4 1
Effects personal moreover/in addition to
: 2
angry stressed out tired for instance
ꎬ ꎬ 3
Effects social according to
: 4
traffic accidents global warming and climate change deaths and on the other hand
ꎬ ꎬ 5
cancer by air pollution 略
5—9
5 Viewing workshop
Use public transport.
略
Think before you go. 1
Share cars.
2
roads high ̄tension power lines clear ̄cut corridors
Take action.
√ √ √
pipelines roads of rocks painted lines
√ √ √
6
Nobody likes being in a traffic jam. The personal effects like
3
getting angry or being stressed out can lead to more serious T F T
1 2 3
problems likebecomingsickorlosingyourjob.Beingontheroad
ꎬ 4
can also bedangerousastherearemanyaccidents andtheamount Deer crabs monkeys Overpasses
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ —
of pollution that traffic causes can also give us health problems. Elephants Underneath
—
Then there are the environmental effects to our planet such as Fish Salmon canons
ꎬ ꎬ —
global warming. The solutions could be to try to use the car less.
5
We can cycle walk or use public transport. We can also share our c b a
ꎬ 1 2 3
cars. These are simple solutions that we can all do. 略
6
7 Reading club 1
The writerknowsthatcarshavenegativeeffectsandshewantsto
1
help the environment We know that cars are bad for us All 1
(“ ”ꎬ “ The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural
quite simple isnt it Five easy ways to improve our 1 ꎬ
ꎬ ? Organisation UNESCO decides.
environment but she thinks it will be difficult for her to give up ( )
”) The Temple and Mansion of Confucius is a memorial to
her car Ive got to pick up my daughter from school ...The 2
(“ Confucius. The site is huge.
traffic is going to be horrible but what can I do
ꎬ ?”) The Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and
The road todestructionreferstothefactthatthecarsontheroad
2 summer.
will eventually lead to the destruction of our planet.
Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area is a unique
8 natural wonder.
g d a f b e h c
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 略
get stuck in a traffic jam 2
1
cause global warming Reading club 2
2
do a lot of harm
3 1
protect the environment Earthquakes Asia Europe and South America
4 : ꎬ
sharing cars Hurricanes and typhoons US Central America
5 : ꎬ
are addicted to Reduced rainfall in Somalia and Kenya in Canada in
6 : ꎬ 2017ꎻ 2016
9
Volcanic eruptions Indonesia in Mt Tambora
: ꎬ 2016ꎻ 2
Indonesia plastic environment recycle unfortunately shape
ꎬ1815 1 2 3 4 5
Landslides Mocoa in Colombia in consumers innovation
: ꎬ 2017 6 7
2 3
First overpopulationresultsinheavybuildingusinglocalmaterials complain annoyed damage cancer jams cycle
ꎬ 1 2 3 4 5 6
without proper planning which can contribute to landslides or
ꎬ 4
collapse during earthquakes. Next global warming caused by Being a marine researcher is something that Ive always dreamed
ꎬ ꎬ
factories and vehicles and the destruction of forests cause climate of. Defining
ꎬ ( )
change and extreme weather conditions. Iworkwithateamofscientists whoareallexpertsintheirfields
ꎬ ꎬ
on an intemational projectr. Non ̄defining
3 ( )
The author has a negative point of view. He believes that Im currently based in Argentina which is in South America
ꎬ ꎬ
environmental disasters will get worse after speaking to experts. studying sea temperatures from Antarctica. Non ̄defining
ꎬ ( )
He says Experts are predicting worse tocome. Most disaster Unfortunately there has been a significant rise in temperatures
“ ”ꎬ “ ꎬ
experts believe that thingscouldgetalotworse. Hewarnsthat over the past years which is clearly linked to human activity.
”ꎬ“ 50 ꎬ
the world has not seen the worst yet. and There are about two Non ̄defining
”ꎬ “ ( )
of these events every years... The effects of hotter seas include more frequent storms natural
100ꎬ000 ” ꎬ
disasters and most worryingly of all the melting of the ice caps.
4 ꎬ ꎬ
I agree with the author that things will get worse. The writer Polar ice capsthat were frozen Defining all year long even ten
( ) ꎬ
presents a lot of facts of disasters in the text. In recent years there years ago are nowmeltingatanalarmingrate. Ihopebyeducating
have been more natural disasters than in the past so I think this people about this and sharing research we can work together as a
ꎬ
will continue unless we can manage to stop or reverse global global community to protect our planet.
warming.
5
Check your progress 2 1 3 4 5
6
1 making Take go sharing keep
species millions decade Apart from habitats 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
increasing threat decreasing illegal To sum up
6 7 8 9 10
10