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教材习题答案
LEARNING TO LEARN 3
略 Mid⁃ s
1 1967 1990 2003 2011
two college
2 the
Correct Stanley students in Columbia
:1 2 5 Who University
Wrong Milgram the United University
: of Milan
If you plagiarise youre using another authors research their States
3 , ,
ideas and even language without mentioning youre doing so.
, Columbia
It doesnt matter if you didnt intend to plagiarise. “
4 Small⁃world
They
3 Project
Its a kind of cheating. invented a ”:
1 Columbia
Its not honest. game. The
2 University
Its not ethical. He chose a idea of the The
3 tried to
Its not right to say that another persons words or ideas are randomsample gamewasto experiment
4 recreate
your own. of people in link any analysed
Milgrams
Other reasons Its illegal. You dont express your own ideas. It the middle of actor to the
: experiment
shows you havent worked hard. America and Kevin relationship
How on the
asked them to Bacon a between
4 , Internet. The
send packages famous million
1 2 3 4 5 6 experiment 721
toastrangerin American social
5 involved
...its because they dont have confidence in their own ability or the state of actor and media
1 email
ideas. Massachusetts. musician 24,163 users.
, chains with
...some students are just too lazy to think about the material through no
2 target
theyre reading. more than 18
people in
...theresacultureangle. Studentsfromcertainpartsoftheworld six links. 13
3 different
may notunderstandthattheyreplagiarisingwhenwritinganessay.
countries.
略
6
percent
92
UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS
The game The results were
It only took
was being confirmed connected
between five
TOPIC TALK
played in that the by only
Findings/ and seven
略 universities average four
1 Results people to get
across the number of stages or
2 the parcels ,
my sister Daisy we were hanging out at the park United links in the five
1 , , delivered.
conflicts States. chainwassix. degrees of
2
help encouragement separation.
3 ,
略
3 略
4
4
Maxsneighboursweremakingtoomuchnoiseintheirflatinthe 5
1 Because they believed that any person on Earth could be
evenings and it was disturbing him. 1
connected to anyotherpersonthroughachainofnomorethanfive
He didnt want any conflict with them. He went over to the
2 other people. In this sense the world is small.
neighbours flat and told them how unhappy the noise was
Probably people want to study the structures of human society
2 ,
making him.
the rules of human social activities and howpeople are connected
,
略
with each other.
5
LESSON 1 HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED
6
ARE WE?
1
sociologist
2
packages
3
were published
4
chain
5
random
network
略 6
1
7
2 was talked about past simple
It states that any person on Earth can be connected to any other 1 ( )
was made past simple
person through a chain of no more than five other people. The 2 ( )
hadbeenreceived couldbedelivered pastperfect pastsimple
theory was first introduced by Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy 3 , ( , )
, was used past simple
in the early th century. 4 ( )
20 was being played past continuous
5 ( )
1
setting more real.
8
were given were told had been sent was being
1 2 3 4 5
discussed was suggested were chosen were asked Sentences that reflect the writers tone towards Anne
5 6 7 :
was connected were exchanged ...odd little figure in the stiff ugly dress with the long red hair
8 9 , ,
略 and the eager bright eyes...
9—10 ,
Burst into tears she did. Sitting down on a chair by the table
LESSON 2 COMMUNITY SPIRIT ,
throwing her arms on it and burying her face in them she
略 , ,
1 proceeded to cry stormily.
2 With a sob she quickly undressed put on her nightclothes and
It affects peoples health positively in that they dont feel lonely. ,
jumped into bed where she pressed her face down into the pilow
They know they have other people to rely on and this helps them
and pulled the clothes over her head.
build a positive attitude towards life and its difficulties.
Andup⁃stairs intheeastgable alonely heart⁃hungry friendless
略 , , , ,
3 child cried herself to sleep.
4 The writer has a tone of pity and sympathy towards Anne.
In the s
1950
Community life visited community celebrations three 6
: ; ; They arent used to being around children.
generations were respected 1
; Examples Marilla and Matthew looked at each other. Neither of
Consequences experienced a heart attack of old age from :
: ; ; them knew what to say or do.
illness crime
; Finally Marilla stepped in to try to comfort the child.
In the s
1960 From the words eying her as if it were a seriousproblem we
Community life would not keep up the traditional lifestyle 2 “ ”,
: ; know Marilla is a strict person.
typical single⁃family houses traditional social bonds
; From the words she carefully picked up Annes clothes placed
Consequences the first heart attack of a Rosetan under “ ,
: 45 them... and Good night we can infer that Marilla is a kind
happened is the same as the average ” “ ”,
; person.
略
5 From the words Sitting down on a chair by the table throwing
“ ,
6 her arms on it andburyingherfaceinthem sheproceededtocry
was small many tall buildings a sort of house with two small , ,
; ; stormily. we know Anne is an honest child with an eager heart.
rooms outside the house ”,
;
their neighbours friendly to each other a kind of big family 7
; ; ; froze grasped burst proceeded comfort revealed
played together after school often visited each other 1 2 3 4 5 6
; depths investigate dived down dared
7 8 9 10
7
like a sort of a kind of a bit 8
; ; ; yard restroom faucet
, ,
8
To make a statement less strong. 9
garbage rubbish first floor ground floor
略 = =
9 apartment flat subway underground
= =
LESSON 3 ANNE OF GREEN GABLES truck lorry downtown area city centre
= =
略 略
1—2 10
3 WRITING WORKSHOP
Upon arrival
略
Marilla she froze in amazement there must have been a boy 1
: ; ;
didnt know what to say or do 2
The First Community Street Festival.
Anne During Matthew and Marillas dialogue she remained 1
: , It was held on September on Redwood Street.
silent I am not a boy nobody really did want me 2 21
; ; Over people from over communities attended the
Dinner time 3 10,000 20
festival. There were a wide variety of acts.
Marilla Anne wasnt eating to bed
: ; The festival gave great pleasure to a large number of people and
Anne She could not eat because she had no appetite She was in 4
: ; it brought together the different communities within the city.
the depths of despair
Bed time 3
Para. Lead
Anne She cried herself to sleep 1
: Para. Body
2
4 Para. Body
Words the writer used to describe the room painfully bare old⁃ 3
: , Para. Round⁃up
fashioned icy white cold and unwelcoming 4
, , 略
The writerusesaparagraphtodescribetheroomtoshowthedetail 4—8
of Annes surroundings and how they affect her mood. VIEWING WORKSHOP
The writer wants to better show Annes feelings and make the 略
1
2
教材习题答案
Because the library usually has a good studying atmosphere
2 4 ,
T T F which will help him concentrate on his work.
1 2 3
Adopt self⁃control and goal setting. Set a clear goal for every
3 5
stronger impact studying period. Control the time spent on the phone.
1
positive information 略
2 5
less frequent more heavily
3 , LESSON 1 LIVING IN A COMMUNITY
out of the ordinary
4 略
a direct result more plentiful 1—2
5 ,
略 3
4 Because he oftenheldpartiesatnightanddrummedlateatnight.
1
READING CLUB 1 Theytookavote gaveMaMingawarningandtoldhimthathe
2 ,
略 ought to cease drumming or leave the property. Because after such
1—2
a chorus of complaints they had to take action.
3 ,
Hutongs areafeatureofancientChinesearchitecture. Theyarestill Now he is in a hotel in Shanghai. Ma Ming felt that they were
3
a busy part of Beijing as it used to be when they were first built. prejudicedagainsthim. Hesbitteroverthefactthatpeoplethought
ofhismusicas noise . Otherwisehedidntreallymindhavingto
READING CLUB 2 “ ”
leave the flat.
略
1—2 The drummer starts a journey to look for a proper house to stay.
4
3
To get the full amount of what somebody owes you by causing 4
1
them to suffer and although you dont really need it. James McKay ⁃year⁃old retired tailor a peaceful
People , 80 ,
Sometimeswejudgepeopleorsituationsfavourablybywhatthey person Laurene McKays wife Keith Smith
2 involved ; , ; , 30
years old a keen gardener and a fish collector
looklikeandthenwefindoutthatthingswerenotastheyappeared
,
to be. Time on Saturday evening
There are many occasions in everyday life when one needs to
3 Smith moved into the flat.
pretend and in some way be an actor. 1
Water fell onto the McKays balcony
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 2
from Smith watering his plants and
Background
cleaning his fish tanks.
1
idea network a random sample deliver the parcel TheMcKayscouldntgetridofthesmell
1 2 3 4 3
package released phrase of the fish.
5 6 7
2 Keith Smith emptied one of his larger
epidemic crime closely⁃knit Households frequently 1
1 2 3 4 5 tanks over his balcony and both the
social bonds consequence
6 7 McKays and the cake got all wet through
The Conflict
3 on James McKays birthday.
event
orphan amazement investigated proceeded comfort
1 2 3 4 5 James McKay hit Smiths head with his
bare sob dived revealed 2
6 7 8 9 walking stick and was put into jail.
4 Smith is not going to take things further
was sent was not known was emailed was intended 1
1 2 3 4 with the police.
was invited had left was born was read was
5 6 7 8 9 He hasalso promised to change hisways
received be resent 2
10 Result from now on.
Alargecrowdofsupporterssang Happy
UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 3 “
Birthday to James McKay as he left the
”
TOPIC TALK police station. He was happy.
略 略
1 5—6
2 7
how may I help you whatiswrong Idounderstandwhyyouare I think there had been other opportunitiesof resolving the conflicts
; ;
upset the issue is resolved check the problem see what I can in a more peaceful manner.
; ; ;
do be okay in an hour our part in it Another way to deal with Ma Mings conflict he negotiates an
; ; :
略 agreement with the community council on a couple of hours he
3
could drum during the day.
4
He really struggles with himself about playing mobile games. Smith and McKays conflict could be dealt with differently if the
1
He thinks that it is completely normal among teenagers even McKeys had made their complaints to Smith earlier and Smith had
2 ,
among adults and that its perfectly understandable. changed his ways of doing things.
,
To have the courage to acknowledge is already a sign of
3 8
maturity. Drummer Hits the Road
:
3
They couldnt relax or read a book without plugging their ears. speak clearly and firmly but you should never shout
4 ,
One neighbour also claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence on be careful of your body language
5
his teenage son.
7
...after such a chorus of complaints... should should should not The best thing should
1 2 3 4 5 ,
Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many should never Try to its always better
: 6 ,
...hitting ⁃year⁃old Keith Smith over the head with his walking 略
30 8
stick.
LESSON 3 WAR MEMORIES
...he had been driven to this act of violence...
略
He could no longer tolerate it. 1
...we dared not go onto our balcony... 2
Story A Death of a Village
I have never seen him move so fast and I couldnt stop him. He :
Story B No More Fighting
was up there in a flash. :
Story C Brave Patient
:
9
complaint departure warning action violence 3
action complaints departure violence warning ordered out of their home and
1 2 3 4 5
marched into the village square peaceful
10
a c e b d together with other villagers
1 2 3 4 5
11 were told to sit. calm not afraid
,
had to could dared not ought to dare not
1 2 3 4 5 weeping and praying surprised panic
略 ,
12
were killed himself fled scared desperate
LESSON 2 DEALING WITH CONFLICT ; ,
略
1 4
2 stuck up a board
To respond to anger with more anger Doing nothing To ask for
; ; threw their equipment off
help from somebody outside the situation did the same
climbed out of the trench
3 walked through the mud
react violently conflict get worse violence
; ; ; spent all day with
solve any problems more and more one another
; On Christmas Day
escape or ignore angry with the other person talked about the war
; brought some
very unhealthy brought them beer
( ) beer over
call on decide what may not know the whole story over to us
; ;
should happen the position came to an
understanding
4
Neighbours complain of extremely loud music until very late at decided not to start firing
1
night and parents become really angry with their children for never fired a shot the same
spending too much time online.
seemed to be waiting for
Respond to anger with more anger. shouted across
2 the other to set the ball
Try to negotiate with the other person. On Boxing Day and asked how
3 rolling spent the whole
; they had enjoyed
5 day chatting with them
a Not talking to her mother for three days would make both Amy ; the beer
replaced by other soldiers
and her mother feel very upset. It would be better if Amy and her
mother went to the maths teacher and discuss Amysproblemsand
5
find a solution. A wounded soldier gets an award while in hospital but feels
1
b This situation could have led to a more serious argument and angry. lts a nurses memory.
eventually get police involved in. The man could have complained The patient was in the hospital because he had had both his legs
2
and Bob could have said sorry right away. blown off.
c Daisys stubborn behaviour could have ended her friendship with Because she probably felt that they had to deal with all the
3
Cathy. Daisy should have been more open to Cathys side of the problems while army VIPs only came for ceremonies.
story. The general came to the hospital to give an award to a wounded
4
soldier.
6
you should not act as if youre % right and they are The patient threw the watch because he thought it was not going
1 100 5
% wrong to help him walk.
100
you should try to explain clearly what you want The nurse cried in the end because she admired the patient for
2 6
you put forward solutions what he said and the soldier cried because he felt helpless.
3
4
教材习题答案
reasons first and then makes her request. Then she makes a
6
Story A compromise.
were marched set up the shooting I think coming home at . is too late for teenagers. If I were
; ; 2 1130
Story B Emmas mum I would not agree with her request.
greeted each other shook hands fed up to the neck I think Emmas attitude is positive toward the conflict. She tries
; ; 3
Story C to negotiate with her mum although she gets a little angry at first.
blown off was given/was awarded come through
; ; 6
略 count to before sayinganythingyoullregretlater calmdown
7 10 ; ;
talk itoverwithsomeoneelsetogetadifferentideaofthematter
8 ;
The turning point of each story talk together and see if we can find a solution
1 :
Story A TheAmericansoldierssetupamachinegunandbeganto 略
: 7
shoot the villagers.
READING CLUB 1
Story B Two of our men threw their equipment off and climbed
:
out of the trench with their hands above their heads as 1
The legal battle is whether the life support machines should be
representatives. Two of the Germans did the same.
taken off a coma patient Terri Schiavo who spent years in a
Story C The patient threw the watch back at the general. , 15
: coma⁃like state.
War memories
2 : The controversies were that Terris parents still believed that the
In Story A the person has memories of killing and survival. In
, coma wasonlytemporarywhileTerrishusbandbelievedthatTerri
Story B the person has a memory of an unexpected peaceful
, , would not have wanted to live on in this state. Some people
eventbetweensoldiers.InStoryC thepersonhasamemoryofthe
, claimed that life is sacred which no one has the right to end
effects of war on a soldier. , ,
while many people thought it was the right thing to have Terri
The authors trytoconveythemessagethatwariscruelandhurts
3 taken off life support machines.
everyone both soldiers and innocent persons.
,
2
9 I believe the matter is not as simple as it seems to be. We need to
Cry has a similar meaning to sob weep
: ; consider notonlythefeelingsofthefamilybutalsothelawsbefore
Say has a similar meaning to chat reply swear greet tell
: ; ; ; ; ; making the decision.
speak shout whisper mention
; ; ;
READING CLUB 2
10
mentioned chatting replied whispered shouted
1 2 3 4 5 1
greeted swore The lawsuits mentioned in the text with the reasons
6 7 1 :
略
11 Lawsuits Reasons
WRITING WORKSHOP
She tripped over her own son
Roslyn Darch sued a
略 running around the furniture store
1—2 1 furniture store.
and broke her ankle.
3
d a b c
, , , Hundreds of smokers The companies were responsible for
略
4—7 sued the tobacco the terminal illnesses the smokers
2
VIEWING WORKSHOP companies. havedevelopedbecauseofsmoking.
略 A group of overweight
1 They had not had enough warning
New York teenagers
2 that a diet of burgers fries and
Emma and her mother are arguing about whether Emma should 3 sued a giant fast⁃food ,
milkshakes would make them fat.
come homebefore . ornot. Emmafeelsangryandthatitsnot company.
1130
fair that all her friends can stay out later than her.
The parents of a ⁃
19 She failed to get a top grade in a
3 year⁃old English school
Emmas Opinions 4 university entrance exam.
girl sued her school.
The buses arent very good she can stay out later is a better
; ; ;
time Next month Not these days was really late but not now Sandra York sued a She slipped on a soft drink spilt by
; ; ; ;
always come 5 restaurant. herself.
Mums Responses
The reasons are various including
about that I dont agree with you is late pick you up from the ,
; ; ; poor weather cancelled flights
centre your little sister and your grandma Millions of people , ,
; lost luggage not getting on with
complain to the British ,
4 6 their travelling companion and the
T F NI Tourist Authority. ,
1 2 3 fact that the locals dont speak
5 English.
Emma does not make her request directly. She talks about the
1
5
Some people think the Roslyn Darchs case is not fair the
2 : 8
amount of money is far too much for the injury suffered its not accuracy missiles biologist microscope
; 1 2 3 4
the fault of the shop that a mother cant control her child anyway. scientific launching orbit inventor enable
5 6 7 8 9
The authors attitude towards compensation culture is that there
3 9
should be penalties for excessive claims or there should be a limit single instant possible outspoken one⁃year⁃old
1 2 3 4 ;
on payouts. important different
5 6
2 10
The good effects there are ways to get compensated if anything If there is more than one adjective before a noun opinion
: 1 ,
happens to you that is against the law. adjectives usually go before fact adjectives e.g. single most
(
The bad effects people will find different reasonsto claim even if important discovery .
: )
they dont really deserve to receive any compensation. Adverbs can modify adjectives.
2
略 Forexample one⁃year⁃old and strong⁃willed arecompound
3 3 ,“ ” “ ”
adjectives.Theyareformedwhentwoormoreadjectivesarejoined
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS
together by a hyphen.
1 Adiectives that show quality opinion size shape or colour are
mud general soldiers frontier civilians bombs 4 , , ,
1 2 3 4 5 6 comparable. Adjectives that showquantity number nationality or
panicked machine gun incident weeping , ,
7 8 9 10 material are non⁃comparable.
appreciation
11 略
11
2
speaking replied shouting weeping telling LESSON 2 AHA MOMENT
1 2 3 4 5
greeted 略
6 1—2
3 3
quarreling literally reacting recall dare An aha moment is when you are working on some creative
1 2 3 4 5 1 “ ”
withdraw worse handle Anyhow pleasant jobs for several days but little progress is made and then suddenly
6 7 8 9 10
an idea flies into your mind.
4
d a c e b How does the inspiration come Why do some people work so
1 2 3 4 5 2 ?
hard but achieve very little while some others seem to do nothing
5 ,
take some time to think of my own mistakes apologise explain but good ideas emerge
, , ?
what annoys me and why
4
by incidence incredible hard work invest many years of study
; ; ;
UNIT 12 INNOVATION incidentally
;
TOPIC TALK 5
Albert Einsteinseemedtobeinspiredindiscoveringthe theoryof
略 “
1 relativity when he was rocking his baby. But actually he had
” ,
2 buried himself agreatdealinthestudyofitforyears.Theindicator
understandingtheworld howourlivescanbeimproved creative
; ; , Dr. Bond uses is but actually .
curious smart persistent hardworking gifted plastic and “ ”
, , , ; ;
garbage gathering device easy to use 6
; preparation evaluation elaboration
略 1 3 4
3—5
7
LESSON 1 SClENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS bycoincidence Itactuallycomesfromtheeffortsyouhavebeen
1
略 constantly making.
1—2
easily But actually he had buried himself a great deal in the
3 2 ,
d a b c study of it for years.
1 2 3 4
略 only a few people Everyone may have experienced some kinds
4 3
of aha moments .
5 “ ”
T F F NI T F NI T NI F all hard work will lead to aha moment No he doesnt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4 “ ” ,
believe that.
6
略 略
1—2 8
3 9
Line Although...Here are some of them. People bury themselves in an area keep calm and wait for ideas
12: 1 ,
Line One of the th centurys premier scientists was ... to grow.
15: 20
Line ... another important finding ... Because creative insights take time to grow or emerge.
24: 2
Line ... when Flemings discovery was ... Does it really work How does it work
34: 3 ? ?
Line With the development of computers... You spend hours and hours to write out your articles or make
49: 4
Line These pioneers ... your business plans.
57:
略
7
6
教材习题答案
10 10
Would you please tell us in with of of to with
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
Could you explain 略
2 11
Does that mean
3 WRITING WORKSHOP
Im afraid
4 略
1
11
I would use polite requests with my teachers people I dont know 2
, James Watt was an engineer scientist and inventor who was
well and the elderly. 1 , ,
born in Scotland in .
略 1736
12 He developed and made a great improvement on the Newcomen
2
LESSON 3 STEPHEN HAWKING
steam engine which was commonly used at the time.
,
略 He watched a kettle boiling water and thought deeply about what
1 3
washappening.Hereflectedfurther ontheprocess.Laterhebeganto
2
Birth January experiment withsteamandeventuallydevelopedthesteamengine.
:8 ,1942
Education Oxford physics His invention changed the course of human history. Steam
: ; 4
Career Cambridge engines helped to power factories that started the Industrial
:
StephenHawkingwasoneoftheworldsmostinfluentialscientists. Revolution.
He was famous not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics 略
3—8
and cosmology butalsoforovercomingthechallengesofALS a
, ( VIEWING WORKSHOP
disease that affects muscle control .
) 略
1
3
went to University of Oxford to study physics 2
1959: a swimming pool accident
was diagnosed with ALS 1
1963: blind
had to have an operation / lost his speech as a result 2
1985: independence
his book A Brief History of Time From the Big Bang to 3
1988: : seemed simple
Black Holes sold one copy for every people on Earth 4
750 impossible to do
decided to write a simpler version A Briefer History 5
2005: , personal computer
of Time 6
read me textbooks
said to a TV audience of million people at the opening 7
2012: 900 not happy
ceremony of London Olympics Look up at the stars and 8
2012 : “ I needed them
not down at your feet ... be curious. 9
” blame
略 10
4—5 relying on
11
6 strong desire
Hawking had a positive attitude towards life and he never got 12
1
disappointed or discouraged from his illness. 3
F T F
Hawking was famous not just for his brilliant work in theoretical 1 2 3
“ ,
physics and cosmology but also ... 4
, ” . Innovations are often developed to meet peoples certain needs
Although Hawkings physical abilities declined over decades 1
“ , and to help people connect to the world more easily and
henever ceased his studies ...
” conveniently.
In spite of his disease Hawking didnt consider himself an
“ , . Because facial expressions show the persons mood.
unlucky man. 2
” . To be freed from relying on someone. She hopes that the
My expectations werereducedtozerowhenIwas . Everything 3
“ 21 technology will understand the surrounding worlds and respond to
since then has been a bonus.
” her and augment her missing or weakened abilities that is her
It means that we should not focus on our everyday lives and , , ,
2 five senses.
worry too much about unimportant matters. We should think on a
略
larger scale and be curious about nature and the simple things of 5
READING CLUB 1
life.
Hawking later found ... Although Hawkings physical...
3 , , 1
Hawking also wrote... In spite of his disease Paper was invented and used about years ago in ancient
, 2,000
China. It was used to produce historical records maps and
7 ,
studies theoretical cosmology declined literature.
1 2 3 4
speech⁃generating equipment black holes bonus Bi Sheng inventedthemovabletypeprintingin AD. Itmade
5 6 7 1,045
itmuchquickerandeasiertoreproducewrittenworkandledtothe
8
At the age of in the centre of Instead of In spite of first ever mass⁃production of books and literature.
1 2 3 4
Gunpowder was invented in the eighth century AD. lt was used in
9
As a result of in spite of With the help of Instead of wars and led to the development of many different kinds of
1 2 3 4
7
weapons. accuracy orbiting outcomes
6 7 8
The first simple compasses were made during the third century
, , 2
and the Chinese were using highly developed compasses to scientific prermier emerge relativity mould
1 2 3 4 5
navigate ships at sea. penicillin humble subsequently proposed
6 7 8 9
略 efficiently
2 10
READING CLUB 2 3
b e a c f d
略 1 2 3 4 5 6
1—3
4
4 Could you explain
The writer is inferring that throughout our daily routine we dont 1
Im afraid
truly acknowledge the benefit of these three inventions and how 2
I wonder if
much inspiration and hard work it took to create them. 3
am I right
4
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS
Would you please tell
5
略
1 5
theories biologists Physicists labour⁃saving launch
1 2 3 4 5
8