文档内容
考向 54 阅读理解
捕捉隐含意义与推理态度意图等的策略
【策略学习】
隐含推断与观点态度题
隐含推断题主要考查考生对特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文逻辑关系，结合相关信息的暗示，准确理解文
章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。在解答这类题时，可采用“一步推导”法。即推理判断题的最近答案原则：
推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推出的好。推理判断题不是考查我们的想象力，它实际是考查
我们原文中的某一个点或几个点所涉及的问题读透了没有。因此做题时不能想得太多，推得过远，是否把原文
读懂才是关键。此类题目的题干一般包括以下五个动词：infer(推断)；conclude(推断，得出结论)；indicate(暗
示)；imply (暗示)；suggest(暗示)。
【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morgan says，“To give people a guilt－free option
that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing，at least here in
New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for
her creations is morally acceptable.She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco－
friendly.
31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky.
C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
【分析】·第一步 通读题目找出题干关键词：infer about wearing fur
·第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：To give people a guilt－free option that they can wear without someone
throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing，at least here in New York.
·第三步 仔细比对选项：Morgan觉得在纽约，给予人们一种没有负罪感的选择，他们可以穿海狸鼠皮做的衣
服而不被人泼颜料——我认为是一件大事， 由此可推断出穿皮草具有风险性。
观点态度题是高考英语阅读理解常考的一种题型，也是考生很容易失分的一种题型。文章作者或文中人物
对某事物所持的情感、观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。常见的设问方式有：
·How does the author feel about...?
·What does the author think of...?
·What is the author’s attitude towards/to...?
·The author’s attitude towards...can be described as ________.
▲4关注1不要
(1)关注首段首尾句，确定文章主题，判断作者的观点态度。
(2)关注but后表示观点态度的语句来判断作者或文中人物的观点。
(3)关注作者所举的例子或者所引用的话语，来判断文章作者或文中人物的态度倾向。
(4)关注文章语言的褒贬去判断作者的态度。
(5)不要将个人的好恶态度糅进题中，要学会分清作者本人的态度和作者引用观点的态度。
▲4类选项常用词汇
positive积极乐观的；optimistic乐观的；supportive支持的；hopeful有希望
肯定
的；promising有前途的；favourable赞许的
negative否定的，消极的；disapproving 不赞成的；critical 批评的；
否定
unfavourable不赞同的
怀疑 suspicious可疑的，怀疑的；doubtful可疑的
客观 objective客观的；neutral中立的；skeptical怀疑的
【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，”says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in：“We spoke more with
Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother－in－law.”
And what does Nick think？“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it？Yes，I
think I would.”
29. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother－in－law?
A. Positive. B. Carefree.
C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling.
【分析】·第一步 通读题目找出题干关键词：Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother－in－law
·第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend
it? Yes，I think I would.”
·第三步 仔细比对选项：尼克对于与岳母住在一起持积极的态度。
写作意图题与文章出处/读者对象题
一般情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。
所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力，是阅读理解题中较高层次的题目，它
与文章主题不同，但又关系密切，所以可以算作主旨大意题的一种变体。
▲从写作手法推断写作目的
▲从字里行间推断写作目的
在阅读中，有时作者并未把写作意图说出来，需要阅读者在阅读、理解整体语篇的基础上，根据字面意思，
通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的写作意图。
【典例】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读C)
In the mid－1990s，Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months，physically
broken and having lost his mind.A few years later，still attracted to the country，he returned to Uzbekistan to write an
article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit，however，ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book，Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the
Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia，which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan，where millions of
lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land，
and of the people he meets on his way：Rustam，his translator，a lovely 24－year－old who picked up his colorful
English in California，Oleg and Natasha，his hosts in Tashkent，and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan，made of friendliness and warmth，but also its darker side of society.In
Samarkand，Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders，while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing.In Ferghana，he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼) followed by a strange
drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan，he is saddened by the dust storms，diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from
the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references，making his tale a well－rounded picture ofUzbekistan，seen from Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American，as well as his delicate
stomach.As the author explains，this is neither a travel nor a history book，or even a piece of reportage.Whatever it
is，the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
11. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book.
B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer.
D. To recommend a travel destination.
【分析】
·第一步 审读题目找出题干关键词：the purpose of this text
·第二步 从字里行间推断写作目的：迅速读懂原文理清文章脉络：文章开头引出汤姆·比塞尔写书的背景，从
第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价。
·第三步 仔细比对选项：全文围绕着这本书展开，目的就是向读者介绍并推荐这本书。
文章出处要从文章结构、语言特色和标志信息着手，结合文章的具体内容来断定。确定读者对象要从文章
内容和文章措辞来判断。
▲熟知8类文体判文章出处
▲3步确定读者对象
【典例】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common ， the market is growing for biometric ( 生 物 测
量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e－spaces.At present，these technologies are stillexpensive，though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low－cost device (装置) that gets around this
problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the
pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force
of a user’s typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can
determine people’s identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to
—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook.
C. A novel. D. A magazine.
【分析】
·第一步 确定题干中的关键信息：this text most likely from
·第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers from
Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low－cost device...”，尤其是其中的关键词researchers，low－cost
device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道。
·第三步 结合文章的具体内容合理推断得出答案：科研报道最有可能出现在杂志上。
【检测训练】
1
It’s almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity
in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge.
The GLOBE Program is an international science and education program providing the public with the opportunity
to participate in the scientific process. From March 15 through April 15, citizen scientists can make up to 10 cloud
observations per day using the GLOBE Observer app or one of the other data entry options (for trained GLOBE
members). Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video
posted on the GLOBE Program’s website and social media.
“The GLOBE Program is offering this challenge to show how important it is to NASA to have citizen scientist
observations from ground up,” said Marile Colon Robles, lead for the GLOBE Clouds team at NASA’s Langley
Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.
Researchers use and value this citizen science cloud data because it helps confirm data from Earth-observing
instruments.
Scientists at Langley work with a set of six instruments known as the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant EnergySystem (CERES). Even though CERES’ instruments use advanced technology, it is not always easy for researchers to
positively identify all types of clouds in their images.
For example, it can be difficult to tell thin, wispy cirrus clouds (细小的卷云) from snow, since both are cold and
bright; it is even more so when cirrus clouds are above a surface with patchy snow (片状雪) or snow cover. One solution
is to look at satellite images from a particular area and compare them to data submitted by citizen scientists on the
ground.
“Looking at what an observer recorded as clouds and looking at their surface observations really helps us better
understand the images that were matched from the satellite,” said Colon Robles.
You don’t have to be a cloud-gazing professional to participate. For those who want to be part of the challenge but
don’t have a lot of experience identifying clouds, Colon Robles offers the following advice: “Just go outside. The more
clouds you observe, the more comfortable you’ll be collecting data.”
1. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1?
A. Provide background information.
B. Present an argument.
C. Attract readers’ attention.
D. Offer advice to readers.
2. Why do researchers launch the cloud observation challenge?
A. The GLOBE Program is badly short of hands.
B. The technology CERES uses is not advanced.
C. Cirrus clouds are difficult to identify with snow cover.
D. Scientists can compare data from different instruments.
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Citizen observers can only submit data by means of an app.
B. Observers with the most observations will receive a special honor.
C. Observations from the ground are not as valuable as satellite images.
D. The data collected by citizen scientists will be posted on social media.
4. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. NASA to Employ New Members.
B. Cloud Activities Bring a New Challenge.
C. Scientists to Teach You to Observe Clouds.
D. Citizens Gain Experience through Observation.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了美国宇航局和地球计划邀请你参加公民科学云观测挑战赛的相关信息，
包括参加人员，参加时间，活动的意义。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some
pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen
science cloud observation challenge.”可知，快到春天了，一年中的这个时候，季节的变化可能会导致天空中一些
非常迷人的云活动。美国宇航局和地球计划邀请你参加公民科学云观测挑战赛。由此判断出，第一段是为了吸
引读者的注意力。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Researchers use and value this citizen science cloud data because it helps confirm data
from Earth-observing instruments.”研究人员使用并重视公民科学云数据，因为它有助于确认来自地球观测仪器的
数据。所以为什么研究人员要发起云观测挑战是因为科学家可以比较来自不同仪器的数据。故选D项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA
scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Program’s website and social media.”可知，美国宇航局的一位科学家将在
GLOBE网站和社交媒体上发布一段视频，向观测最多的挑战参与者表示祝贺。由此可知，观察最多的观察家将
获得特别的荣誉。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“根据第一段“It’s almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could
lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in
a citizen science cloud observation challenge.”可知，快到春天了，一年中的这个时候，季节的变化可能会导致天
空中一些非常迷人的云活动。美国宇航局和地球计划邀请你参加公民科学云观测挑战赛”以及下文介绍了此次
参加人员，参加时间，活动的意义。所以短文的最佳标题为“云活动带来了新的挑战”。故选B项。
2
Windows are a key component in a building's design, but they are also the least energy- efficient part. According to
a 2009 report by the United Nations, buildings account for 40 percent of global energy usage, and windows are
responsible for half of that energy consumption. If conventional windows are used to better block sunlight passing into a
building, they need expensive coatings. Even so, they can not adjust the indoor temperature effectively.
Scientists at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU) have developed a smart liquid window panel
that can help. By creating a mixture of micro-hydrogel (水凝胶), water, and a stabilizer, they found that it can effectively
reduce energy consumption in a variety of climates. Thanks to the hydrogel, the mixture becomes hard-to-see- through
when exposed to heat, thus blocking sunlight, and, when cool, it returns to its original clear state. The high heat capacity
of water allows a large amount of heat energy to be stored instead of getting transferred through the glass and into the
building during the hot daytime when office buildings mainly operate. The heat will then be gradually cooled and
released at night when the staff are off duty.As a proof of concept, the scientists conducted outdoor tests in hot (Singapore, Guangzhou) and cold (Beijing)
environments. The Singapore test revealed that the smart liquid window had a lower temperature (50°C) during the
hottest time of the day (noon) compared to a normal glass window (84°C), The Beijing tests showed that the room using
the smart liquid window consumed 11 percent less energy to maintain the same temperature compared to the room with a
normal glass window. They also measured when the highest value of stored heat energy of the day occurred. This
"temperature peak" in the normal glass window was 2 pm, and in the smart liquid window was shifted to 3 pm. If this
temperature peak shift leads to a shift in the time when a building needs to draw on electrical power to cool or warm the
building, it should result in lower energy charges for users. The research team is seeking ways to cut down the cost of
producing the smart window and so far, they have found several industry partners to commercialize it.
5. What is the disadvantage of conventional windows?
A. They are expensive.
B. They are not heatproof.
C. They contribute less to energy saving.
D. They can't block light into the building.
6. How does a smart liquid window panel work to cool buildings?
A. By taking in much of heat energy.
B. By returning to its original clear state.
C. By getting most of sunlight transferred.
D. By spreading sunlight in different directions.
7. According to paragraph 3, what is the value of the temperature peak shift?
A. It will make the windows long-lasting.
B. It could help the building users reduce costs.
C. It makes the buildings rely on no electrical power.
D. It helps the windows maintain a constant temperature.
8. What can we expect of the smart window in the future?
A. It will be unaffordable.
B. It needs to be further improved.
C. It will be widely used in the city.
D. It will come onto the market soon.
【答案】5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了智能液体窗面板。
5. 细节理解题。根据文章“Windows are a key component in a building's design, but they are also the least energy-efficient part.（窗户是建筑设计中的一个重要组成部分，但也是最不节能的部分。）”可知，传统窗户的缺点是
不节能。故选C项。
6. 细节理解题。根据文章“The high heat capacity of water allows a large amount of heat energy to be stored instead
of getting transferred through the glass and into the building during the hot daytime when office buildings mainly
operate.（水的高热容量使大量的热能得以储存，而不是在炎热的白天通过玻璃传递到建筑物中，而办公楼主要
是在白天运行。）”可知，智能液体窗面板通过吸收大量热能来冷却建筑物。故选A项。
7. 推理判断题。根据文章“the room using the smart liquid window consumed 11 percent less energy to maintain the
same temperature compared to the room with a normal glass window.（使用智能液体窗的房间比使用普通玻璃窗的
房间要少消耗11%的能量来保持相同的温度。）”以及下文“This "temperature peak" in the normal glass window
was 2 pm, and in the smart liquid window was shifted to 3 pm. If this temperature peak shift leads to a shift in the time
when a building needs to draw on electrical power to cool or warm the building, it should result in lower energy charges
for users. （正常玻璃窗的“温度峰值”为下午2点，智能液体窗的“温度峰值”为下午3点。如果这种温度峰
值偏移导致建筑物需要用电来冷却或加热建筑物的时间发生偏移，则应该会降低用户的电费。）”可推知，温
度峰值偏移的价值是节约成本。故选B项。
8. 推理判断题。根据文章“The research team is seeking ways to cut down the cost of producing the smart window
and so far, they have found several industry partners to commercialize it.（该研究团队正在寻找降低智能窗生产成本
的方法，到目前为止，他们已经找到了几个行业合作伙伴将其商业化。）”可知，研究团队已经找到了合作伙
伴将其商业化。由此推知它应该很快就会上市。故选D项。
3
A new research added brain degradation such as Alzheimer(阿尔兹海默症）to the growing list of effects of fine
particles(微粒）. A study of 63 million adults older than 65 in the United States showed that from 2000 to 2016, first-
time hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease, and related diseases rose by 13 percent with every 5-microgram (per
cubic meter of air) increase in annual concentrations of PM 2.5. Such particles are produced mainly during the burning
of fossil fuels, especially coal and oil. The risk remained high even at concentrations below 12 micrograms per cubic
meter, a level the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency currently considers safe.
“Our study builds on the small but clear evidence indicating that long-term PM 2.5 exposures are associated with an
increased risk of worsening brain health, even at PM 2.5 concentrations well below the current national standards,” said
Xiao Wu, a doctoral student in Harvard.
Antonella Zanobetti, a co-author of the study, said the new research results show that current U. S. regulations are
inadequate to protect the aging American population, “highlighting the need for stricter standards and policies that help
further reduce PM 2.5 concentrations and improve air quality overall”。Women, white people, and urban populations, particularly in the Northeast, were particularly at risk, the research
showed. The researchers figured that the increased effects on urban populations might be due to the “abundance of
metal-bearing particles in the urban atmosphere, which have very smaller size and can access the brain directly”. They
owe the increased risk to women and white people to longer life, which means the probability of death from other causes
before developing Alzheimer is higher in men and nonwhites.
9. What can we learn about the new research in Paragraph 1?
A. It proved PM 2.5 was caused by fossil fuel.
B. It aimed at improving the elders' brain health.
C. It showed Alzheimer was linked to air pollution.
D. It focused on the effect of PM 2.5 on environment.
10. What is the researchers' attitude towards the current U. S. PM 2.5 national standards?
A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Cautious. D. Ambiguous.
11. Why do women and white people have higher risk of brain health problems?
A. They mainly live in cities.
B. They are in much worse condition.
C. They are affected by PM 2.5 more easily.
D. They live longer than men and nonwhites.
12. What's the purpose of the text?
A. To present findings of a new research.
B. To call on us to protect the environment.
C. To analyze various reasons for Alzheimer.
D. To draw our attention to the elders' health.
【答案】9. C 10. B 11. D 12. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章展示了一项对阿尔兹海默症的新的研究的几个发现。
9. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“A new research added brain degradation such as Alzheimer(阿尔兹海默症）to
the growing list of effects of fine particles(微粒）. ”（一项新的研究将阿尔茨海默氏症等大脑退化列入了不断增
加的细颗粒影响名单。）和第二句“A study of 63 million adults older than 65 in the United States showed that from
2000 to 2016, first-time hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease, and related diseases rose by 13 percent with every
5-microgram (per cubic meter of air) increase in annual concentrations of PM 2. 5.”（一项针对美国6300万65岁以上
成年人的研究显示，从2000年到2016年，pm2.5的年浓度每增加5微克(每立方米空气)，首次因阿尔茨海默氏
症和相关疾病住院的人数就增加了13%。）可知，研究表明阿尔茨海默病与空气污染有关。故选C。
10. 观点态度题。根据第二段中的“Our study builds on the small but clear evidence indicating that long-term PM 2.5exposures are associated with an increased risk of worsening brain health, even at PM 2.5 concentrations well below the
current national standards”（我们的研究建立在少量但明确的证据之上，这些证据表明，即使 PM 2.5浓度远低于
当前的国家标准，长期接触PM 2.5也会增加大脑健康恶化的风险）可知，研究者对美国目前的PM 2.5国家标
准并不赞同。故选B。
11. 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“They owe the increased risk to women and white people to longer life, which
means the probability of death from other causes before developing Alzheimer is higher in men and nonwhites.”（女性
和白人患病风险增加的原因是寿命延长，这意味着男性和非白人在患老年痴呆症之前死于其他原因的概率更
高。）可知，因为女性和白人的寿命比男人和非白人更长，所以他们更容易患老年痴呆症。故选D。
12. 目的意图题。根据第一段第一句“A new research added brain degradation such as Alzheimer(阿尔兹海默症）to
the growing list of effects of fine particles(微粒）. ”（一项新的研究将阿尔茨海默氏症等大脑退化列入了不断增
加的细颗粒影响名单。）和第二句“A study of 63 million adults older than 65 in the United States showed that from
2000 to 2016, first-time hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease, and related diseases rose by 13 percent with every
5-microgram (per cubic meter of air) increase in annual concentrations of PM 2. 5.”（一项针对美国6300万65岁以上
成年人的研究显示，从2000年到2016年，pm2.5的年浓度每增加5微克(每立方米空气)，首次因阿尔茨海默氏
症和相关疾病住院的人数就增加了13%。），第三段第一句“Antonella Zanobetti, a co-author of the study, said the
new research results show that current U. S. regulations are inadequate to protect the aging American population”（这项
研究的合著者Antonella Zanobetti说，新的研究结果表明，目前的美国法规不足以保护老龄化的美国人口）和第
四段第一句“Women, white people, and urban populations, particularly in the Northeast, were particularly at risk, the
research showed.”（研究显示，女性、白人和城市人口，尤其是东北部地区的人口，面临的风险尤其大。）可知，
文章主要是为了展示新的研究的发现。故选A。
4
Babies who frequently communicate with their caregivers using eye contact and vocalisations(发声)at the age of
one are more likely to develop greater languages skills by the time they reach two,according to new research.
In the study, researchers looked at 11- and 12-month-od babies' vocalisations. gestures and gaze behaviours ,and at
how their caregivers responded to them.To measure he interactions ,the researchers videoed infants(婴儿)and caregiver
at home,and asked them to play as usual.They took those recordings back to the university
The scientists then used statistical models to find that the best predictor of vocabulary at 24 months was when
infants were seen to use vocalsatioms while looking at their caregiver's face when they were about a year old.The
benefits were even greater when these interactions were followed by responses from the caregiver.
The statistics showed that at 19 months,children had an average of about 100 words.Those who exhibited the
beneficial interactive behaviour earlier in life were seen to have an average of about 30 extra words."The message of this paper is that it is the result of a joint effort; noticing what your child is attending to and
talking to them about it will support their language development." said McGillion, a co-author of the work.
"The joy of this message is that that can happen in any context... across any part of your day.It's not something that
requires special equipment or even lots of time.I can happen when you're doing the laundry,for example—when you're
taking out the socks, you can talk about socks...in the park, in the car, at mealtimes,at bathtimes.This finding can be used
in any context,"added McGillion.
"This is a developmental snapshot in the first year of life, but children are constantly growing and changing and so
are their behaviours. It would be interesting to look at these sorts of behaviours again as children progress through the
second year of life to see what's happening there,"said Donnellan,the lead author on the study.
13. How did the researchers get the findings?
A. By interacting with babies.
B. By asking babies to vocalize.
C. By analyzing relevant recordings.
D. By referring to the previous statistics.
14. What does he underlined word "it"in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Infants' eye contact.
B. Infants' larger vocabulary.
C. The response from caregivers.
D. The best predictor of vocabulary.
15. What did McGilion say about infants' interactive behaviour?
A. I's easy to perform.
B. It's complex to understand.
C. It's difficult to copy.
D. It's interesting to video.
16. What might further studies be on?
A. Children's academic progress.
B. Children's growing environment.
C. Children's potential physical development.
D. Children's behaviours across more age ranges.
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. A 16. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要研究了婴儿的语言技能与护理者之间的互动的关系，得出的结论是：和孩
子的眼神以及语言交流越多，孩子的语言能力就越好。13. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中句子“Babies who frequently communicate with their caregivers using eye
contact and vocalisations(发声)at the age of on are more likely to develop greater languages skills by the time they reach
two,according to new research.”（一项新的研究表明，婴儿在一岁的时候经常笑并与他们的照顾者使用目光接触
和交流发声更有可能使他们在两岁的时候产生更大的语言技能。）可知，研究人员通过一项新的研究研究出了
和孩子的眼神以及语言交流越多，孩子的语言能力就越好。故选C项。
14. 词义猜测题。根据文章第四段最后一句“Those who exhibited the beneficial interactive behaviour earlier in life
were seen to have an average of about 30 extra words.”（那些更早展示有益的互动行为的婴儿获得了更多的词汇
量。）和第五段中句子“The message of this paper is that it is the result of a joint effort”（它是一个共同努力的结
果。）可知，这里的“它”指代的是前文婴儿更大的词汇量。故选B项。
15. 推理判断题。根据文章第六段第一句“The joy of this message is that that can happen in any context... across any
part of your day.It's not something that requires special equipment or even lots of time.I can happen when you're doing
the laundry,for example—when you're taking out the socks, you can talk about socks...in the park, in the car, at
mealtimes,at bathtimes.”（ MG说, 这种信息的交流可以在一天中的任何时刻发生, 无论是在洗衣房, 还是在公园,
在车里, 在吃饭的时候, 在洗澡的时候）可推测，这种互动的表现是很容易去执行的。因此选A项。
16. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句“It would be interesting to look at these sorts of behaviours again as
children progress through the second year of life to see what's happening there”（当孩子们在第二年的成长过程中再
次观察这些行为，看看那里发生了什么，这将是一件很有趣的事情。”） 可知，进一步的研究应该是去研究儿
童在更多年龄段的行为。故选D项。
5
As a high school student, I learned this the hard way last year,when a student I didn't expect to bested me on the
math PSAT. He soon admitted the secret to his success: the CAS calculator. He made clear that the CAS was able to
solve all of his SAT equations (方程式). He claimed all he needed was his knowledge of seventh-grade math and the
calculator did the rest.
From experience, I know it isn't that simple. A fancy calculator that costs about ＄150 is not that useful if you don't
understand what the question is asking. But it does feel like cheating. Aside from being financially out of reach of many
students， CAS calculators have the potential to misrepresent math ability and problem-solving skills.
It's unfair to allow such an incredibly helpful advanced calculator unless every student has access to it. Especially
when the test has the potential to affect a student's educational path. In response to an email asking whether the College
Board, which owns the SAT, is aware that the CAS is seen as greatly helping those who use it and whether it has
considered banning such calculators, a communications officer sent a link to the SAT calculator policy, which spells out
the permitted calculators, CAS among them.If all students had access to a better calculator, how many could improve their test scores enough to get into their
dream school? How many students get into better schools because of this privilege hack? It isn't right and shouldn't
stand.
The simplest solution would be to leave out the math section that allows calculator use or permit test-takers to use
only the most basic calculators, provided by the College Board. The equation for fairness is simple: You know it when
you see it, and this calculator inequity (不公) isn't it.
17. The example of a student doing better than the writer in the math PSAT is used to________.
A. introduce the topic
B. compare their math achievements
C. show the writer's envy
D. blame his cheating in the exam
18. Why did the writer feel it unfair for students to use CAS calculators?
A. Because every student can not use one in SAT.
B. Because he didn't use one as early as others.
C. Because his model was less powerful than others'.
D. Because the College Board didn't provide one to him.
19. What's the College Board's attitude towards banning the CAS calculators?
A. Favorable.
B. Disapproving.
C. Ambiguous.
D. Cautious.
20. What's the best title of the passage?
A. CAS calculators-cheating in SAT
B. Solution to stopping cheating in SAT
C. Calls on banning the calculators
D. Calls on using basic calculators
【答案】17. A 18. A 19. B 20. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文通过在数学PSAT中，一个学生比作者做得好的例子来引出主题：考试中学生
是否可以使用计算器。作者列举了使用计算器的弊端，呼吁禁止使用计算器。
17. 推理判断题。 第一段中“As a high school student, I learned this the hard way last year, when a student I didn't
expect to bested me on the math PSAT. He soon admitted the secret to his success: the CAS calculator.”提到，作为一名
高中学生，我去年学到了这一点，当时有个学生，我没有想到会在PSAT数学考试中打败我。他很快承认了自己成功的秘诀：CAS计算器。作者在下文讨论了考试中是否应该使用计算器，由此可知，作者提到这个例子是
为了介绍主题。故选A项。
18. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“It's unfair to allow such an incredibly helpful advanced calculator unless every
student has access to it.(除非每个学生都能使用，否则允许使用如此有用的高级计算器是不公平的)”可知，作者觉
得学生使用CAS计算器不公平，是因为不是每个学生都能在SAT中使用一个CAS计算器。 故选A项。
19. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“In response to an email asking whether the College Board, which owns the SAT, is
aware that the CAS is seen as greatly helping those who use it and whether it has considered banning such calculators, a
communications officer sent a link to the SAT calculator policy, which spells out the permitted calculators, CAS among
them.”可知，一封邮件询问负责SAT的美国大学董事会是否意识到CAS计算器帮助使用者及是否考虑禁止这样
的计算器，一位通信官员对此作出回应，发了一个链接到 SAT计算器政策，其中详细说明了允许使用的计算器，
CAS就是其中之一。由此可知，大学董事会对禁止使用CAS计算器持的态度是不赞成的。故选B项。
20. 主旨大意题。 结合最后一段中“The simplest solution would be to leave out the math section that allows
calculator use or permit test-takers to use only the most basic calculators, provided by the College Board.(最简单的解决
办法是跳过允许使用计算器的数学部分，或者只允许考生使用由College Board提供的最基本的计算器)”可知，
本文通过在数学PSAT中，一个学生比作者做得好的例子来引出主题：考试中学生是否可以使用计算器。作者
列举了使用计算器的弊端，呼吁禁止使用计算器。C项“呼吁禁止使用计算器”适合作为文章标题。 故选C项。
6
French children 15 and under will no longer be allowed to bring smart devices to school. Lawmakers in France
voted recently to ban all phones, tablets, and other Internet-connected devices from school grounds. The ban will start in
September, “These days, the children don't play at break time anymore,” Jean-Michel Blanquer, France's education
minister, said. “They are just all in front of their smartphones, and from an educational point of view, that's a problem.
Some strict measures must be taken immediately.” A 2010 law bad already banned smartphones during "all teaching
activity" in France. But the new rules say smartphones and tablets are not allowed even during breaks. Students who
bring these digital devices to school have to keep them in their backpacks and turned off, If they want to call their
parents, schools will help. However, the new law doesn’t forbid students to turn to them during extra-curricular
activities. It also makes an exception for disabled students.
Alexis Corbiere is a French politician. He said the effort to make such a law should have been put to something else
because teachers have already carried out this rule so far. “I don't know a single teacher in this country that allows the
use of phones in class and in school, ” he told French news channel BFMTV.
How about smartphones in American schools?According to a study by the National Center for Education Statistics,
about 66% of public schools banned devices in 2019, which was down from 91% in 2009. Why the change? Liz Kolb, aprofessor at the University of Michigan School of Education, said that parents are concerned about security in schools.
"In the rare case that something may occur, " she said, "the belief by some parents is that a cell phone could be a useful
tool for safety."
21. What does the underlined word "them" in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Disabled students.
B. Digital devices.
C. Backpacks.
D. Students' parents.
22. How does Alexis Corbiere feel about the new ban on smartphones?
A. It's unnecessary.
B. It's rewarding.
C. It's impossible.
D. It's unexpected.
23. What can we say about the smartphone use in American schools?
A. It's made a comeback.
B. It's helped parents a lot.
C. It's done good to students.
D. It's followed the French ban.
24. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Students Must Turn off Smartphones.
B. Digital Devices Won't Be Popular.
C. France Makes the Call in School.
D. Parents Value Children's Safety.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了智能设备尤其是手机的盛行给学生带来的严重影响，法国最近通过了一
项新的法令：禁止15岁以下的学生在校使用手机，哪怕在休息时也不可以使用。由此引发了一些人不同的看法。
21. 词义猜测题。第一段中划线词句上一句“Students who bring these digital devices to school have to keep them in
their backpacks and turned off, if they want to call their parents, schools will help.(把这些数码设备带到学校的学生必
须把它们放在书包里，并关掉，如果他们想给父母打电话，学校会提供帮助)”说明学生可以把这些数码设备带
到学校关掉不能使用，再根据划线词句“However, the new law doesn’t forbid students to turn to them during extra-
curricular activities.(然而，新法律并不禁止学生在课外活动中求助于them)”转折的语义可以推断，划线单词
“them”指代上文的“数码设备”。故选B项。22. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“He said the effort to make such a law should have been put to something else
because teachers have already carried out this rule so far.(他说，制定这样一项法律的努力应该放在其他方面，因为
到目前为止，教师们已经执行了这项规定)”以及Alexis Corbiere所说“I don't know a single teacher in this country
that allows the use of phones in class and in school.(我不知道这个国家有哪位老师允许在课堂和学校里使用手机)”
可以推断， Alexis Corbiere认为没有必要制定对智能手机的新法令。故选A项。
23. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“According to a study by the National Center for Education Statistics, about 66% of
public schools banned devices in 2019, which was down from 91% in 2009.(美国国家教育统计中心的一项研究显示，
2019年约66%的公立学校禁止使用电子设备，较2009年的91%有所下降)”可知，在美国2009年, 禁用手机的学
校占91%, 但到了2019 年, 该数字降到了66%。由此可知，在美国学校使用手机现象又回归了。故选A项。
24. 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“French children 15 and under will no longer be allowed to bring smart
devices to school. Lawmakers in France voted recently to ban all phones, tablets, and other Internet-connected devices
from school grounds.(法国15岁及以下的儿童将不再被允许携带智能设备上学。法国议员最近投票禁止所有手机、
平板电脑和其他联网设备进入学校)”可知，本文主要介绍了法国最近通过新法令在学校严格推行禁用手机等电
子设备：15岁以下的学生在学校即使在休息时也不能使用手机。选项C“法国在学校发出了号召（禁用手机）”
突出主题，简明扼要，适合做标题。故选C项。
7
Both African elephants and Asian elephants face serious threats to their long-term survival, although the risks vary
widely from place to place. Several million African elephants roamed across the continent as recently as the early 20th
century, but today only about 350, 000 remain. Asian elephants were less abundant to begin with, reportedly numbering
about 200,000 a century ago. There are now fewer Asian elephants left in the wild, maybe close to extinction unless
something can be done to save them.
The main threat to elephants is a familiar one for wildlife around the world: loss and destruction of their habitats.
Many elephants also face additional dangers, though, including both direct and indirect conflict with people.
On top of occupying and altering elephant habitats, people also commonly plant food crops there. As more farms
appear in forests and plains where elephants are accustomed to roaming, their crops often become easy targets for hungry
elephants. A herd can destroy a year’s harvest in one night, leading to understandable hostility among farmers, many of
whom are living a poor life and have little income to make up the loss. This sometimes leads to certain killings of
elephants, interactions that are dangerous for everyone involved. These clashes lead to hundreds of deaths across Asia
and Africa every year, both elephant and human.
Many people around the world are committed to preserving these ancient creatures. Elephants are important
keystone species shaping and maintaining the ecosystems around them. Since the main threat to elephants is habitat loss,it makes sense to focus our conservation efforts on preserving what’s left of their natural environment. The fate of
elephants is also more broadly linked to the human communities around them, since people with enough legal
opportunities to support their families might be less likely to depend on hunting for income. And where farmers clash
with elephants on the edges of their remaining habitat, conservationists are trying a variety of creative techniques to help
both creatures coexist. For example, many small farmers can’t afford fences strong enough to keep out elephants, but
some now surround their crops with beehive fences, which take advantage of elephants’ natural fear of bees. As a bonus,
the bees also provide fresh local honey.
25. What can we learn about the situation of elephants?
A. Asian elephants have died out. B. They are going through a tough period.
C. African elephants are threatened by climate. D. They were abundant in the early 20th century.
26. What does the underlined word “ hostility” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Communication. B. Connection. C. Unfriendliness. D. Appreciation.
27. What’s the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. The threats to humans. B. The living habits of elephants.
C. The challenges elephants face in nature. D. The conflict between humans and elephants.
28. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Humans stop attacking elephants.
B. Elephants are forbidden to disturb humans.
C. Humans and elephants can make use of each other.
D. Humans and elephants can live in harmony with each other.
【答案】25. B 26. C 27. D 28. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。亚洲大象和非洲大象都面临着严峻的情形，如果不采取保护措施，它们正处于快
要消亡的境地。文章介绍了大象面临的主要威胁、人类与大象之间存在的冲突以及人们为了保护大象所采取的
一些努力。
25. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Both African elephants and Asian elephants face serious threats to their long-term
survival, although the risks vary widely from place to place. Several million African elephants roamed across the
continent as recently as the early 20th century, but today only about 350,000 remain. Asian elephants were less abundant
to begin with, reportedly numbering about 200,000 a century ago. There are now fewer Asian elephants left in the wild,
maybe close to extinction unless something can be done to save them.(非洲象和亚洲象都面临着长期生存的严重威胁，
尽管这种威胁因地而异。早在20世纪初，就有几百万头非洲象在非洲大陆上游荡，但如今只剩下约 35万头。
亚洲象本来就不多，据报道，一个世纪前大约有 20万头。现在野生亚洲象越来越少了，如果不采取措施挽救它们，它们可能已经濒临灭绝)”可知，大象正在历经艰难时期。故选B。
26. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“A herd can destroy a year’s harvest in one night, leading to understandable”以及
后文“among farmers, many of whom are living a poor life and have little income to make up the loss”可知，大象可能
会破坏农民的庄稼，这样就会导致农民对大象产生敌意，因为他们生活贫困，没有经济能力去弥补损失，因此
划线单词指的是农民对象的一种不友好的反应，故画线词意思是“不友好”。A. Communication.交流；B.
Connection.连接；C. Unfriendliness.不友好；D. Appreciation.欣赏。故选C。
27. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“On top of occupying and altering elephant habitats, people also commonly plant food
crops there. As more farms appear in forests and plains where elephants are accustomed to roaming, their crops often
become easy targets for hungry elephants. A herd can destroy a year’s harvest in one night, leading to understandable
hostility among farmers, many of whom are living a poor life and have little income to make up the loss. This sometimes
leads to certain killings of elephants, interactions that are dangerous for everyone involved. These clashes lead to
hundreds of deaths across Asia and Africa every year, both elephant and human.(除了占领和改变大象的栖息地之外，
人们通常还在那里种植粮食作物。随着越来越多的农场出现在大象习惯漫游的森林和平原上，他们的庄稼经常
成为饥饿大象的目标。象群可以在一夜之间毁掉一年的收成，导致农民之间产生可以理解的敌意，他们中的许
多人过着贫穷的生活，几乎没有收入来弥补损失。这有时会导致猎杀大象，这种互动对参与其中的每个人来说
都是危险的。这些冲突每年导致亚洲和非洲数百人死亡，包括大象和人类)”可知，第三段主要谈到人类和大象
之间的冲突。故选D。
28. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And where farmers clash with elephants on the edges of their remaining habitat,
conservationists are trying a variety of creative techniques to help both creatures coexist.(当农民和大象在它们的栖息
地边缘发生冲突时，自然资源保护主义者正在尝试各种创造性的技术来帮助这两种动物共存)”可推知，人类和
大象可以和谐相处。故选D。
8
Coca-Cola is to test a paper bottle as part of a longer-term goal to get rid of plastic from its packaging entirely. The
prototype (样本) is made by a Danish company from an extra-strong paper shell that still contains a thin plastic liner (衬
垫). But the goal is to create a 100% recyclable, plastic free botte capable of preventing gas escaping from carbonated
(碳酸) drinks. The barrier must also ensure no fibers get into the liquid.
That may have a risk of changing the taste of the drink — or potentially can't meet the requirements of health and
safety checks. But industry giants (巨头) are backing the plan. Coca-Cola, for example, has set a goal of producing zero
waste by 2030. Coca-Cola was ranked the world's number one plastic polluter by charity group Break Free From Plastic
last year, closely followed by other drink-producers Pepsi and Nestle.
The Paper Bottle Company, or Paboco, is the Danish firm behind the development of the paper-based container. Partof the challenge has been to create a structure capable of standing the forces exerted by carbonated drinks — such as cola
and beer — which are bottled under pressure. On top of that, the paper needs to be mouldable to create distinct bottle
shapes and sizes for different brands and take ink for printing their labels.
After more than seven years of lab work, the firm is now ready to host a trial in Hungary this summer of Coca-
Cola's fruit drink Adez. Initially, this will involve 2,000 bottles distributed via a local retail chain.
But it is also working with others. Absolut, the vodka maker, is due to test 2,000 paper bottles of its own in the UK
and Sweden of its pre-mixed, carbonated raspberry drink. And beer company Carlsberg is also building prototypes of a
paper beer bottle.
Michael Michelsen, the firm's commercial manager, says the bottles are formed out of a single piece of paper-fiber-
based material to give them strength.
29. What is the longer-term goal of Coca-Cola company?
A. To stop using plastic in its packaging.
B. To produce drinks of alternative tastes.
C. To expand business in European countries.
D. To use paper bottles with a thin plastic liner.
30. What can be inferred from the text?
A. Coca-Cola has very strong competitors.
B. Some industry giants are in favor of plastic free packaging.
C. Carbonated drinks are facing stricter health and safety checks.
D. The paper bottle company is under pressure from environmentalists.
31. What does the underlined word “mouldable” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Being hard to be printed on.
B. Being able to be strengthened.
C. Being able to be made into different shapes.
D. Being able to be mixed with other materials.
32. What is the best title for the text?
A. Coca-Cola Takes the Lead to Go Green
B. Paper Bottles Are in Place for the Market
C. Drink Industry Is Turning to Paper Bottles
D. Paper Bottle Companies Spring up Worldwide
【答案】29. A 30. B 31. C 32. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可口可乐等生产饮品和啤酒的公司测试纸质饮料瓶的情况。29. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Coca-Cola is to test a paper bottle as part of a longer-term goal to get rid of
plastic from its packaging entirely.（可口可乐公司将测试一个纸瓶，作为一个长期目标的一部分，以彻底清除包
装中的塑料。）”以及“But the goal is to create a 100% recyclable, plastic free botte capable of preventing gas
escaping from carbonated drinks.（但他们的目标是创造一种100%可回收、不含塑料的瓶子，能够防止碳酸饮料
中的气体溢出。）”可知，可口可乐公司的长期目标是停止在包装中使用塑料。故选A项。
30. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“But industry giants are backing the plan.（但行业巨头们支持这个计
划。）”和文章倒数第二段中的例子“And beer company Carlsberg is also building prototypes of a paper beer bottle.
（而啤酒公司嘉士伯也在制造纸制啤酒瓶的原型。）”可推知，一些行业巨头赞成无塑料包装。故选B项。
31. 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容“to create distinct bottle shapes and sizes for different brands（为不同品
牌创造不同的瓶子形状和大小）”可知，此处意为纸需要能创造不同的瓶子形状和大小，可推知，mouldable意
为“可塑的”，即代指纸可以被做成不同的形状。故选C项。
32. 主旨大意题。结合本文大意以及文章第三段“Part of the challenge has been to create a structure capable of
standing the forces exerted by carbonated drinks — such as cola and beer — which are bottled under pressure.（部分挑
战在于，要创造一种结构，能够承受在压力下装瓶的碳酸饮料(如可乐和啤酒)所施加的压力。）”可知，本文
主要介绍了一些饮料和啤酒公司在测试纸质饮料瓶方面所做的努力。C项“饮料行业正在转向纸瓶”符合文意，
适合作为本文标题。故选C项。
