11 名词
[考点一]名词的单复数
1.规则名词的5种复数变化形式
变化规则 例词
一般情况下 在词尾直接加s mouth---mouths;book---books
以s；x；ch；sh 在词尾加es bus---buses;brush---brushes
结尾的名词
以辅音字母+y结 变y为ies Factory---factories;library---libraries
尾的名词
以o结尾的名词 一般在词尾加s zoo---zoos;piano---pianos
有些在词尾加es Tomato---tomatoes;hero---heroes
以f；fe结尾的 一般变f；fe为ves wife---wives;shelf---shelves
名词
少数直接加s roof---roofs; belief---beliefs
2.不规则名词地2种复数变化形式
变化规则 例词
单复数同形 deer;sheep;means;Chinese;spacecraft
变内部元音 foot--feet tooth--teeth man--men woman--women mouse--mice
3.合成名词的2种复数形式
(1)若有主体名词，则把主体名词变成复数；若无主体名词，则把最后一部分变成复数。
passer-by→passers-by,sister-in-law→sisters-in-law,grown-up →grown-ups,housewife→housewives
(2)“man/woman+n.”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和主体名词都要变复数：women engineers
对点演练
单句语法填空
1.(2022·全国甲卷)Goffin's cockatoos(科芬的凤头鹦鹉),a kind of small parrot native to Australasia,have been shown to
have similar shape recognition_________(ability)to a human two-year-old.
2.(2021·新高I卷，57)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny
we_________(human)are.
3.(2021·全国乙卷，69)_________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to
have a low impact on the natural environment.
4.(2021·全国甲卷)In the sciences and arts,those praised as_________ (genius)were most often white men,of European
origin.
5.(2020·浙江卷，62)Later,they learned to work with the _________ (season),planting at the right time...
6.“Alaya,you don't have to do this if you don't want to.Nobody is forcing you."Though I said I asn't going to do
it,my_________(foot)carried me toward the pool.7.The nursery team switches him every few _________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,the other is
with mum—she never suspects.
[考点二]不可数名词
1.常见的不可数名词
一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数
的名词有：milk,music,home-work,housework,weather,news,butter,infor-mation,bread,advice,progress,orange(橙
汁),equipment,meat,fun,luggage,luck,work(工作),traffic,furniture,wealth,word(消息),room(空间),man(人类)等。
2.抽象名词的具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功地人或事物
pleasure 乐趣 令人感到高兴地人或事物
attraction 吸引 有吸引力地人或事物
comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰地人或事物
danger 危险 令人感到危险地人或事物
delight 高兴 令人感到高兴地事
failure 失败 失败地人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人感到惊奇地人或事物
shock 震惊 令人感到震惊地人或事物
pride 骄傲 令人感到骄傲地人或事物
[考点三]名词所有格
1.有生命的3种所有格
情况 构成 示例
不以s结尾的名词 加- ’s Mary's e-mail
以s结尾的复数名词 加 -’ the teachers’ office
以s结尾的单数名词或专 加-’s或-’ our boss’ office
有名词
2.无生命名词的2种所有格
(1)通常用of所有格表示。
The capital of Peru is Lima,which is in the west on the coast.
秘鲁的首都是利马，位于西部沿海地区。
(2)表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、节日等的名词通常用-'s所有格表示。
Beijing's parks北京的公园
3.双重所有格
双重所有格的构成形式为：名词+of +名词的所有格/名词+of+名词性物主代词。He is a friend of my father's.他是我父亲的一个朋友。
对点演练
单句语法填空
1.(2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷，64)“He saved my___________(son)life,"said Mrs.Brown.
2.Now I'm feeling regretful and disturbed.I'm not sure whether a___________(computer)repair shop can get the documents
back.
高考对接
名词在语法填空中的命题点
1.给其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词，考查名词的数
①(2022·全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road,in order to promote environmental
__________(protect)
②(2020·新课标卷I)The far side of the moon is of particular__________(interesting)to scientists because it has a lot of
deep craters(环形山).
2.给名词形式提示词，填写名词，考查名词的数
①(2022·全国甲卷，B)In humans,__________(baby)can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age ...
②(2021·全国甲卷，49)Supposedly you can do
it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and __________(watchtower)to take pictures.
3.考查名词的固定搭配
①(江苏卷改编)Some schools will have to make__________(adjust)in agreement with the national soccer reform.
②(天津卷改编)My parents always attach great__________(important)to my getting a good education.
过关演练
单句语法填空
1.There are three__________(woman)doctors in our factory.
2.Thee__________ (roof)of these cottages were covered with__________(leaf).
3.We have taken a lot of__________ ((photo)when we visited the Great Wall.
4.The__________(express)in her eyes told me something was wrong.
5.Due to the__________(apply)of this medical technology,some diseases can be treated at an early stage.
6.She was unable to attend because of the__________(press)of work.
7.The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it out of__________(curious).
8.We all know that wild goats'__________(appear) on the vast grasslands is a good indication of the better environment.
9.The__________(direct)on the bottle read:For adults,take one tablet daily,only at bedtime as the medicine may produce
drowsiness.10.Much to the__________(disappoint)of the neighboring countries,the Japanese government always refuses to admit the
crime they did in World War I in the history.
11.I apologized to you that I can't give you the telephone number without Mr.Brown's__________(permit).
12.(全国卷I)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of _________(explore)in the heart of Washington,D.C.
13.__________ (lock)are available to store any belongings during your visit.
14.I put some pine__________(branch)into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.
15.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often taste a wide variety of__________(apple).
参考答案
考点一 对点演练
1.abilities2.humans 3.Activities 4.geniuses 5.seasons 6.feet7.days
考点三 对点演练
1.son's 2.computer
高考对接
1.①protection ②interest 2.①babies ②watchtowers
3.①adjustments ②importance
过关演练
1.women 2.roofs;leaves 3.photos 4.expression5.application 6.pressure 7.curiosity 8.appearance 9.directions
10.disappointment 11.permission 12.exploration13.Lockers 14.branches15.apples
语法专题过关
一、单项选择
1．—Did you see the new TV show “House of the Dragon”? It’s said to be ______ great fun.
—No, I’ve been busy repairing all the office ______ these days.
A．/; equipment B．/; equipments
C．a; equipment D．a; equipments
2．________ are kept on the firm for their meat or milk.
A．200 head cattle B．200 head of cattle
C．200 head cattles D．200 heads of cattle
3．We have moved into a threeroom flat so far. Our room is between________.
A．Mary’s and Helen’s B．Mary and Helen’s
C．Mary and Helen D．Mary’s and Helen
4．The local clubs are making every ______ to interest more young people.A．effect B．effort C．contribution D．exchange
5．John is a man of ____ and he had a lot of interesting ____ in his life.
A．experience; experience B．experiences; experience
C．experience; experiences D．experiences; experiences
6．This year's English movie dubbing competition will be held, but no date has yet been set for the ________of the entries
to be selected.
A．commission B．submission C．association D．occupation
7．Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with their____________ to push the boundaries of human
achievement.
A．intelligence B．influences C．impression D．attempts
8．I expected to see her and was surprised by her ________.
A．existence B．absence C．entrance D．acceptance
9．‘’There is among Chinese people that no country or individual can can protect itself without intellectual property
（知识产权）protection’’ Liu Xin said.
A．commitment B．criterion C．consensus D．competence
10．On how to improve our spoken English, Mr. Smith has given us ______.
A．many good advices B．a number of advice
C．much advice D．some advices
11．Since it is common to copy others’designs, the Council of Fashion Designers has recently urged the government to
pass laws to protect designers’ rights.
A．practice B．standard C．sense D．activity
12．Too much smoking and drinking ________ him greatly，which meant bad living habits had an ______ on his health.
A．affect；effect B．affected；effect
C．affected；effects D．affect；effects
13．The CCTV show Chinese Characters Dictation Competition has taken the country by storm, which is partly designed
to arouse people’s _______ in the Chinese language．
A．response B．enthusiasm
C．significance D．consequence
14．﹣Did you see the new movie directed by that famous director? It's said to be ________ great fun.
﹣No. I have been busy repairing all the broken office ________ these days.（ ）
A．a；equipment B．the； equipments
C．/； equipment D．/； equipments
15．__________ in the area reported ___________three people robbing the bank with their heads wrapped in socks.A．Witness; to look at B．Witnesses; seeing
C．Witnesses; looking out D．Witness; to see
16．Each of us is likely to develop a personal _______ for certain types of entertainment.
A．comparison B．possession C．preference D．advantage
17．In the program “You Are The One” last week, everybody had the ______ that she was a good match for the young
man.
A．expectation B．expression C．explanation D．impression
18．—Can you hit that bird with your gun, Tom?
—No！It is out of the ________of my gun.
A．length B．aim C．distance D．range
19．Jack has made great achievements in his work, and the harder he works, the _________ he becomes.
A．religious B．energetic C．curious D．independent
20．He goes to work by car. His house is from his office in the city.
A．two hour’s drive B．two hours’ drive C．two hour drive D．two hours drive
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
21．Elon Musk is the newly-published biography of the US billionaire, which shares with readers the life story behind his
success and (fail).
22．It may take a number of (attempt) to climb Qomolangma, but he thinks it’s worth keeping at it.
23．The plan has drawn criticism and protests over the years since its (announce) in 2017.
24．The thirteen-year-old Chinese girl, Qiu Yumo, showed her invention that can count pets’ steps at a science
(exhibit).
25．And in 2011, livestock exports to Indonesia were stopped after evidence of (cruel) emerged there.
26．The institution would only consider selling works by living artists with their (permit).
27．For these students it’s (pronounce) that’s the problem.
28．It is found that people are more creative following the (complete) of a boring task.
29．The mother’s words may sound like a (describe) of every teenager on the earth.
30．The two companies have formed into a single (organize).
31．The volunteers aim to help people of disasters regardless of their race or (national).
32．No money can be spent on the (construct) and operation of the train.
33．On (reflect), we decided to give up our opposing opinions and begin to cooperate with each other.
34．After making such a big mistake, you had better make an (apologize) to your mother.
35．Not understanding the boy’s words, the woman looked at him in (confuse).36．Some drivers make the (assume) that traffic laws do not apply to them, but this is not true.
37．English (invent) by people, not computers, and it reflects the (create) of the human race.
38．Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs,
values and . (strong)
39．She won the (admire) of the whole audience for her excellent performance.
40．We all have a (responsible) to protect the environment.
41．She suffered a back (injure) while lifting heavy boxes.
42．The king showed (prefer) to his eldest son.
43．Courage is the ability to control fear, not the (absent) of fear.
44．Tan Dun has been using a (combine) of Chinese music and sounds from all over the world.
45． (cooperate) between team members is essential.
答案
1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．C
11．A 12．B 13．B 14．C 15．B 16．C 17．D 18．D 19．B 20．B
21．failure 22．attempts 23．announcement 24．exhibition 25．cruelty
26．permission 27．pronunciation 28．completion 29．description 30．organization
31．nationality 32．construction 33．reflection 34．apology 35．confusion
36．assumption 37．was invented 38．strengths 39．admiration 40．responsibility
creativity
41．injury 42．preference 43．absence 44．combination 45．Co-operation
