专题 02 阅读理解七选五
命题分析
高考全国卷阅读七选五题型十年前甚至更早就开始考，一只经久不衰，新高考也一直沿用这种题
型，可见此题型足以考查学生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之
间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析
理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型式高考一直非常受欢迎的一种题型。
以下是近十年（2015-2024）全国卷高考七选五实况分析：
设题位置
年份 卷别 体裁 词数 主题语境 话题
段首 段中 段尾
新高考全 夹叙夹 使用英语词典的经验、心
313 1 4 0 人与自我
国I卷 议文 得与乐趣
新高考全
国** 错
说明文 297 1 3 1 人与自然 如何避免“过度旅游”
误的表达
2024 式 **I卷
年
全国甲卷 说明文 313 1 3 1 人与自我 适度饮食
“刺猬”型思维方式和
北京卷 说明文 363 1 4 0 人与社会
“狐狸”型思维方式
浙江1月
说明文 330 1 4 0 人与社会 在线学习利弊
卷
2023 新高考全
说明文 321 0 4 1 人与自我 自我原谅
年 国I卷
新高考全
国** 错
说明文 310 1 3 1 人与社会 开始艺术之旅的建议
误的表达
式 **I卷
全国乙卷 说明文 335 0 3 2 人与自然 室内植物的好处
全国甲卷 说明文 287 1 3 1 人与自我 成为更有耐心的人的技巧
北京卷 说明文 255 1 3 1 人与社会 如何选择高校的建议
浙江1月 能使火车旅行更舒适的建
说明文 361 1 4 0 人与社会
卷 议
2022 全国甲卷 说明文 315 1 3 1 人与社会 一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情
全国乙卷 说明文 316 3 1 1 人与社会 五种维系异地友谊的方法
新高考全 如何找到一个一起锻炼的
说明文 332 0 4 1 人与社会
国I卷 伙伴
年 新高考全
国** 错
说明文 312 1 4 0 人与社会 介绍写文章的技巧
误的表达
式 **I卷
浙江卷1 既可以充分利用时间又可
说明文 309 2 2 1 人与社会
月 以快乐放松的有效建议
通过衣物交换来处理旧衣
全国甲卷 记叙文 257 1 4 0 人与社会
服的方法
晚宴上让自己表现得有趣
全国乙卷 说明文 252 1 2 2 人与社会
的一些方法
新高考I 夫妇两人在巴黎的居住的
2021 说明文 261 1 4 0 人与自我
卷 感受
新高考II
记叙文 258 1 2 2 人与自我 提高阅读速度的建议
卷
全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 252 1 3 1 人与自我 自我接纳的小技巧。
达式 **
全国卷**
表情符号以及在工作交流
错误的表 说明文 220 1 4 0 人与社会
所带来的优势。
达式 **
2020
全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 322 2 2 1 人与社会 乔迁聚会
达式 **
新高考I 公开演讲的法则
说明文 300 1 3 1 人与自我
卷
新高考II
说明文 302 2 2 1 人与社会 与医生交谈的几个建议
卷
全国卷** 新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光
错误的表 说明文 265 2 3 0 人与社会 对人们的身心健康均有好
达式 ** 处。
全国卷**
设定具体目标的一些方
2019 错误的表 说明文 267 1 4 0 人与自我
法。
达式 **I
全国卷**
在网络课堂上，与教授交
错误的表 说明文 214 1 4 0 人与社会
流的一些规矩与禁忌。
达式 **II
全国卷**
室内设计中颜色的选择问
2018 错误的表 说明文 259 1 3 1 人与自然
题
达式 **全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 223 2 2 1 人与自我 早晨锻炼对的四条好处
达式 **
全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 195 2 2 1 人与社会 跳舞的好处
达式 **
全国卷**
对野营活动由抵触到喜欢
错误的表 记叙文 225 2 2 1 人与自我
的转变过程
达式 **
全国卷**
2017 错误的表 说明文 196 1 3 0 人与社会 如何避免工作时被打断
达式 **
全国卷** 如何做计划建立好生物
错误的表 说明文 244 1 3 1 人与自我 钟，保持早睡早起的好习
达式 ** 惯
全国卷**
密码的设置方法和破解的
错误的表 说明文 195 1 4 0 人与社会
方法
达式 **
全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 262 1 4 0 人与自然 自己建设花园的具体建议
2016 达式 **
全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 201 1 4 0 人与自我 买鱼和烧鱼的常识
达式 **
冒险行为与大脑的工作机
北京卷 说明文 276 1 3 1 人与自我
制有关
全国卷**
错误的表 议论文 314 2 3 2 人与社会 在关系中重建信任
达式 **
2015
年
全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 242 0 5 0 人与自我 马拉松锻炼技巧
达式 **
题型解读
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读七选五题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和
语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的
思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一
个相对独立的层意，所谓的＂积句成章，积章成篇＂就是这个道理。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落
（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个
语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义
的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语
作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理
清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。
应试技巧
技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断---因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思
的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进
一步确认答案。
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果
或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有 as a result 结果，thus/therefore 因此，so
(such)...如此------以至于等。
技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断---转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是
逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。
表示转折关系的连接词有：However 然而, nevertheless 仍然，然而，不过,
nonetheless 尽管如此，依然，然而, still 还;然而, though 可是，不过，然而, yet 然而, in
spite of 不顾，不管, at any rate 无论如何，至少, in any case 无论如何，不管怎样,
whoever 无论是谁, whatever 无论什么，on the contrary 正相反, in contrast 与此相反, 相
比之下, by contrast 相反, 相比之下, in comparison 比较起来，比较地, by comparison 相
比之下, conversely 相反(地), otherwise 否则;除此以外，not---but 不是-----而是，as well
也等。
技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断---例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是
思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳
(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断---递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间
是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。
表示递进关系的连词有：also 也, 而且, further 另外(的);, furthermore 而且，此外,
likewise 同样地，照样地;也，又, similarly 相似地，类似地, moreover 而且再者，此外, in
addition 另外，加之, what’s more 更重要的是, too 也，还, either 也, neither 两者都不,
not only…but also 不但…而且等。
技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断---平列关系
表示列举关系的有：first 首先, 第一, second 第二, third 第三…; firstly 第一, 首先,
secondly 第二(点);其次, thirdly 第三…; first 第一, next 其次, then 那么, 然后…; in the
first place 第一，首先, in the second place 第二, 其次…; for one thing 首先，一则, for
another thing 其次…; to begin with 首先，第一, to conclude 首先，第一等
技巧六：从词汇线索上判断---代词
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，
巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
技巧七：词汇线索判断--同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是
我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义
词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
技巧八：词汇线索判断：上下义词/同一范畴词
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前
后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
技巧九：从试题位置上判断---问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原
则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信
号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上
是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。
技巧十：从试题位置上判断---问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与
下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连
接起来。
分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，
同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提
出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这
样的特征词。
段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，
如 therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word 等词
语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
真题回顾
【典例一（2024·新课标I卷）】
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally
presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to
spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my
laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but
I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise
Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a
bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000
words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a
word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the
English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one
definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding
experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
【典例二（2024·新课标II卷）】
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___
Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making
wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,
culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though
overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of
extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a
regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll
compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy
when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination
special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【典例三（2024·全国甲卷）】
What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feelsatisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you
love.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just
something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body
that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to
mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if
you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____
Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant
emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can
regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals
keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until
breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive
system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
.
A Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
【典例四（2024·北京卷）】
If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According
to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And
they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that
lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at.
___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make
predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but
that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range
of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their
viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and
don’t know.
So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between
being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare
mixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
【典例五（2024·浙江1月卷）】
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.
___16___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you?
___17___
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage
of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a point that many people lose
sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to
study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep
you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you
would do with in person courses. ___19___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It
is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watchyour lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
___20___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this
problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate
each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or
schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education?
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade?
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
【典例六（2023·新课标I卷）】
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring?
Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your
personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve
done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing
without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t
wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The
thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【典例七（2023·新课标II卷）】
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art
journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete
beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration
and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your
journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether
you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.
Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a
painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【典例八（2023·全国乙卷）】
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes ofthe home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood
(心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very
expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these
species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months,
plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants
can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around
them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or
cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy
plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and
you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says.
“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【典例九（2023·全国甲卷）】
Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There
is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However,
research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research
suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit
of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra
minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply
it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we
experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to
say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【典例十（2023·北京卷）】
It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make
decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.
____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not
counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching
than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is
surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.
____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the
result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-
quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
【典例十一（2023·浙江1月卷）】
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic
vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to
make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all
the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you
discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a
day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your
trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can
be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outsidethe window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of
seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel
one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
【典例十二（2022·全国甲卷）】
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___16___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___17___ .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___19___ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. ___20___ , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given countryC. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【典例十三（2021·新高考全国卷I）】
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled "Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner." One reason
was: "You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym," while another read: " 36 "
With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle（微妙）competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a
useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It
also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit — your
partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core（核心）of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good "seeking training partner" notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【典例十四（2021·全国甲卷）】
Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge
amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）isnot healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them
clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes
from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how
much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to
choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around
your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be
that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't
forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
.
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【典例十五（2020·全国卷III）】
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or
house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for
friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is good time to fill the new space
with love and hopefully presents.
37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.
Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.
Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of
art or a plant.
38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usuallyno planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably
give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a
person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood
to a new home as a gift. 40 Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
【典例十六（2017·全国卷III）】
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to
easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 36 Here’s how to make one.
● 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time
to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear
about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
● Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning
activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out
clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker
with a timer.
● Keep your sleep / wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday
could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,
a recent study found. 39
●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve
tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you
could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.
C. A better plan for sleep can help.D. And consider setting a second alarm.
E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
【典例十七（2019·全国卷III）】
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 36
While I have only listed two of each, these are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be
able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
• 37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the
course design, read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the answer
isn't hiding in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 38 Be
sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your
best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40 When a student attacks a professor on
the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a
professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do’s and don’ ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【典例十八（2018·全国卷II）】
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and
find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond beingphysically fit.
● Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of
you for the day. 37
● Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be
getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
● 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in
the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very
excited.
● 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food
choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to
continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and
push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
【典例十九（2016·全国卷III）】
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 36 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home.
Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as
at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 37 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an
easy way.
38 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or
strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 39 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store
the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a
day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 40 First, clean it and season it with your choice ofspices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one
pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can do it.
D. It just requires a little knowledge.
E. The fish will go bad within hours.
F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
16. G 17. D 18. F 19. A 20. B
【解析】
试题分析:文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烧鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法是蒸鱼。
16.G
17. D
【典例二十（2019·全国卷I）】Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to ＂go out and get some fresh air＂ . 36 According to recent
studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
37 If the air you’re breathing is clean — which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities
— then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to
breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.
Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. 38
In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green,
growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood（情绪）. Greenery is
good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than
patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.
40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make
sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes
sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of
Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【典例二十一（2016·全国卷II）】
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to
total more than the sum (总和) of its parts? 36 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. ①It starts with looking
inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the
gardening process.
● 37
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are
concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 38 .
However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from
our earliest years.
● Recall (回忆) your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s
vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 39 — how being in those
gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall
the gardens of your youth. 40 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories
into your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own gardenC. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
【典例二十二（2018·全国卷I）】
Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to
manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room
that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the
key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important
point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you
need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add
visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,
small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 .
They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a
space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at
wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways【典例二十三（2018·全国卷III）】
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and
sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.
___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings,
birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything
else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____37____It's great to
watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life."
___38___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances.
They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the
pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard
to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.【典例二十四（2018·北京）】
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can
make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）
events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. _____51_____
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However,
here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much
more. _____52_____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s
personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits thatconnect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ____53____ Also,
sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering
event has occurred.
_____54_____Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes
ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
_____55_____However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in
order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the
day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a
critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not
trigger another. 【典例二十五（2017·全国卷II）】
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 ,
there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
37 . Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then
ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during
that time or that you’ll find them then. 3 8 . It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier
to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after
explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s
not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the
hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.
A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying noB. When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
【典例二十六（2017·全国卷III）】
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to
easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. 36 Here’s how to make one.
● 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time
to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear
about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
● Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning
activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out
clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker
with a timer.
● Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday
could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,
a recent study found. 39
● Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve
tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you
could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.
C. A better plan for sleep can help.
D. And consider setting a second alarm.
E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
【典例二十七（2016·全国卷I）】
Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes indoing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind
code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 3 7 For example, the first letters of ＂My elephant eats too
many eels＂ spell out the hidden message ＂Meet me.＂
3 8 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the
alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message ＂Meet me＂ would read
＂135 520 135.＂
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a
code book. 3 9 For example, ＂bridge＂ might stand for ＂meet＂ and ＂out＂ might stand for ＂me.
＂ The message ＂Bridge out＂ would actually mean ＂Meet me.＂ 4 0 However, it is also hard to
keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
【典例二十八（2016·全国卷II）】
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to
total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 1 6 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside
yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening
process.
● 1 7
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are
concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 18 .However,
there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our
earliest years.●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s
vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 19 — how being in those gardens
made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the
gardens of your youth. 20 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into
your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
【典例二十九（2016·全国卷III）】
【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 3 6 But it seems that many
people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat
twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 3 7 This
text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
3 8 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or
strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 3 9 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store
the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a
day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 4 0 First, clean it and season it with
your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10
minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can do it.
D. It just requires a little knowledge.
E. The fish will go bad within hours.
F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
【典例三十（2015·全国卷I）】
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36.___________ Trust is a risk. But you can’t
be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no
responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or
cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 37.
__________ It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you
can take to get you there.
◆38. ___________ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what
the best outcome would be for your well-being.
◆39. ___________ If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference
between being a victim and living with a ＂victim mentality＂. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our
trust tested or violated.
◆You didn’t lose ＂everything＂. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this
hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40.
___________ Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and
forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
【典例三十一（2015·全国卷II）】
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs.
36 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel
best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have
found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37 . As always, you shouldstretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise
to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After
two weeks, start timing yourself. 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a
timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G. Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time
