专题 02 饮食与健康（原卷版）
【材料来源：The Wall Street Journal March 11, 2024】
The New Science on What Ultra-Processed Food Does to Your Brain
New research suggests links between ultra-processed foods-such as chips, many cereals and most
packaged snacks at the grocery store -and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel.
Many ultra-processed foods hit the brain rapidly
when we eat them and have a strong effect on its
reward system,which is involved in pleasure,
motivation and learning.
Those effects are similar to ones when people
use nicotine,alcohol and other addictive drugs, said
Ashley Gearhardt, a professor of psychology at the
University of Michigan.
"People intensely crave ultra-processed foods and
consume them compulsively and find they can't stop
eating them,"she said.
The combination of high levels of both fat and carbs in many ultra-processed foods is likely why we
crave them. Foods in nature are often high in fat or carbs, but not both. Bananas are naturally high in
sugar but you eat one and you're good.
Scientists were surprised to find that people who had been eating a high-fat, high-sugar snack also
had changes in how their brains learned.
In a study, four days of having a breakfast high in saturated fat and added sugar was linked to
reductions in performance on some learning and memory tests, according to researchers in Australia.
People who had a healthier breakfast didn't have the performance changes.
【译文欣赏】
关于超加工食品对大脑影响的新科学
新研究表明，超加工食品（如薯条、多种早餐麦片和超市里的大多数袋装零食）与我们学习、记忆和
感受方式的转变有所关联。
当我们食用超加工食品时，它们会迅速对大脑产生影响，并对其奖赏系统产生强烈作用，而这个系统
与满足感、积极性和学习能力有关。
密歇根大学心理学教授阿什利·吉尔哈特（Ashley Gearhardt）表示，这些作用与人们摄入尼古丁、酒
精和其他成瘾性药物后的反应类似。
她说：“人们对超加工食品有强烈的渴望，吃起来欲罢不能，而且会完全停不下来。”许多超加工食品中脂肪和碳水化合物的含量都很高，这可能就是我们对它们欲罢不能的原因。天然的食物
通常富含脂肪或碳水化合物，但不会两者兼备。香蕉天然含糖量高，但你吃一个就满足了。
科学家们惊讶地发现，一直食用高脂、高糖零食的人，大脑的学习方式也发生了变化。
澳大利亚的研究人员在一项研究中发现，连续四天食用饱和脂肪和添加糖含量高的早餐，会导致一些
学习和记忆测试的成绩下降。而吃健康早餐的人则没有出现这种变化。
【词汇积累】
1.ultra-processed /ˌʌltrəˈprɑːsɛst/ adj. 超加工的
2.reward system /rɪˈwɔrd ˈsɪstəm/ n. 奖励系统
3.motivation /ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən/ n. 动机
4.compulsively /kəmˈpʌlsɪvli/ adv. 强迫性地
5.crave /kreɪv/ v. 渴望
6.intensely /ɪnˈtɛnsli/ adv. 强烈地
7.addictive /əˈdɪktɪv/ adj. 上瘾的
8.high-fat /ˌhaɪˈfæt/ adj. 高脂肪的
9.carbs (carbohydrates) /kɑːrbz (ˌkɑːrbəˈhaɪdreɪts)/ n. 碳水化合物
10.performance /pərˈfɔːrməns/ n. 表现
【长难句分析】
原句
New research suggests links between ultra-processed foods-such as chips, many cereals and most packaged
snacks at the grocery store -and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel.
译文
新研究表明，超加工食品（如薯条、多种早餐麦片和超市里的大多数袋装零食）与我们学习、记忆和感受
方式的转变有所关联。
分析
+--[主句: New research suggests links]
|
+--[介词短语: between ultra-processed foods and changes in the way we learn, remember
and feel]
|
+--[并列结构: ultra-processed foods - such as chips, many cereals and most
packaged snacks at the grocery store]
|
+--[插入语: such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the
grocery store]
|
+--[并列结构: changes in the way we learn, remember and feel]|
+--[定语从句: the way we learn, remember and feel]
（一）
Three of the Best Small Breweries (啤酒厂) in the USA
If you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been
handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies (新手) in the market — then this blog is going to give you
exactly that.
City Built Brewing Co.
This place has got something for everybody — whether you’re a “classic” person who just wants to have a
glass of your favourite beer on a hot summer day or an adventurer who wants to be hit with flavours that you have
never tried before-the City Built Brewing Company will meet all your needs since it provides a variety of drinks for
a mixed crowd.
Firestone Walker Brewing Co.
Even though it’s not one of the biggest players in the market, its extremely innovative marketing strategies
will convince you otherwise. The Firestone Walker Brewing Co. has quickly managed to gain a lot of visibility in
2022 simply by having a great social media presence, along with a killer webpage that invites beer lovers in. Its true
specialty lies in creating seasonal beers made annually and available only for a limited period of time. Apart from
this, it also has a variety of other kinds of beer that are brewed all year round.
Dovetail Brewery
Here’s a place that you should go to for both-the great beer and the fun experience. Started by two friends
(Bill and Hagen) who met in beer school, the brewery is best known for how well they convert classic European
beers to suit the American tastebuds (味蕾).
Not just that, but you’ll also get to experience a place of great architecture when you visit this brewery, along
with the amazing food that’s to die for.
1．What is unique about Firestone Walker Brewing Co. ?
A．It brought in foreign flavours. B．Its architecture style is appealing.
C．Some of its beer is offered for limited time. D．It makes special flavour only for adventurers.
2．What do the three breweries have in common?
A．Their beer is of poor quality. B．Their products are handmade.
C．They provide hands-on experience. D．They don’t have webpages to advertise.
3．Where is probably the text from?
A．A guidebook. B．A newspaper. C．A textbook. D．A website.原句
"If you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been
handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies in the market—then this blog is going to give you exactly
that."
译文
如果你厌倦了喝同样的啤酒，并且真的想尝尝由市场上的新手用心酿造的真正啤酒——那么这个博客将
为你提供正是你所寻找的东西。
分析
这是一个由逗号和破折号连接的复合句。
条件句: If you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s
been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies in the market,
|
+--[连词: If]
+--[并列结构: you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true
beer that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies in the market]
|
+--[第一个分句: you’re tired of drinking the same old beer]
+--[第二个分句: would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been handcrafted with
care and genuine passion by newbies in the market]
|
+--[定语从句: that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by
newbies in the market]
主句: then this blog is going to give you exactly that.
1.handcrafted /ˈhændˌkræftɪd/ adj. 手工制作的 2.passion /ˈpæʃən/ n. 热情
3.adventurer /ədˈvɛntʃərər/ n. 冒险者 4.innovative /ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv/ adj. 创新的
5.visibility /ˌvɪzəˈbɪləti/ n. 知名度 6.presence /ˈprɛzəns/ n. 存在感
7.seasonal /ˈsizənəl/ adj. 季节性的 8.brewery /ˈbruəri/ n. 啤酒厂
9.tastebuds /ˈteɪstˌbʌdz/ n. 味蕾 10.architecture /ˈɑrkɪˌtɛktʃər/ n. 建筑
（二）I used to be anorexic (厌食的). I was skeletal, each of my rib bones jutted out, like ridges on my body; my
head, which looked abnormally huge, was barely supported by my backbone.
It would take an hour for me to eat a spoon of food. Should I attempt to eat to please my parents or teachers,
I would lock myself in the toilet and throw up the food. I looked pale and weak all the time because of the lack of
food. My family members were distressed. They cried a lot.
It all started when a boy in my class called me “fat” I was devastated. I adopted an extremely strict diet and
exercise routine. I lost 10kg within three months and continued to lose more weight. I was absolutely obsessed
about losing even more weight. One day, my heart rate dropped and I was breathless. I almost lost my life. That was
when I decided to turn my life around.
Looking good is extremely important to a teenager. We want to look a certain way so we can be popular and
accepted. We are attracted by well-toned and sculpted bodies. Now, with social media, we have access to a pool of
photographs of people, whose bodies and appearances we admire. Those images make us envious. We long to be
like them.
We're in danger when we start to hate the way we look and take drastic measures to attain the body we
dream of having. These measures can lead to eating disorders, unrealistic and unhealthy exercise habits, low self-
esteem and depression. Besides affecting the physical health, teenagers who are body conscious can also suffer
from mental instability. They may plunge into despair, guilt and hopelessness if they are unable to keep up with
their rigid exercise routines or eating habits. They can be emotionally fragile too. They become sensitive to
comments made by others. They are ashamed of the way they look. If you are currently experiencing these feelings,
seek help before itis too late.
It is important to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of
beauty, which will change with time. You are unique.
4．What can we infer about the author from the first two paragraphs?
A．He developed a deadly disease.
B．He was on an exceptionally strict diet.
C．He was upset because of not achieving the goal.
D．He was in bad condition due to food shortage.
5．Why did the author decide to turn his life around?
A．To look good. B．To stay healthy.
C．To satisfy his parents. D．To disappoint the boy.
6．What does the underlined word “drastic” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Extreme. B．Immediate. C．Temporary. D．Preventive.
7．What is the best title of this passage?
A．Be unique. B．Seek beauty.
C．Build your body. D．Accept your body.原句
"It is important to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of
beauty, which will change with time."
译文
重要的是对你的形象感到自信和积极，不要盲从人为的美丽标准，因为这些标准会随时间而改变。
分析
It is important to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of
beauty, which will change with time.
|
+--[不定式短语: to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made
standards of beauty]
|
+--[并列结构: to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made
standards of beauty]
|
+--[第一个分句: to feel confident and positive about your image]
+--[第二个分句: not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty]
1.anorexic /ˌænəˈrɛksɪk/ adj. 厌食的 2.skeletal /ˈskɛlɪtl/ adj. 骨瘦如柴的
3.jutted /ˈdʒʌtɪd/ v. 突出 4.abnormally /æbˈnɔrməli/ adv. 异常地
5.backbone /ˈbækˌboʊn/ n. 脊椎 6.distress /dɪˈstrɛs/ v. 使痛苦
7.devastated /ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd/ adj. 极为悲痛的 8.obsessed /əbˈsɛst/ adj. 痴迷的
9.breathless /ˈbrɛθlɪs/ adj. 气喘吁吁的 10.rigid /ˈrɪdʒɪd/ adj. 严格的
（三）
It is very likely that you eat three meals a day. Modern life is designed around this way of eating. However,
is this the healthiest way to eat? Before considering how frequently we should eat, scientists urge us to consider
when we shouldn’t.
Intermittent fasting (间歇性断食), where you restrict your food intake to an eight-hour window, has become
a popular area of research. “It allows our digestive system to rest,” says Emily Manoogian at the Salk Institute for
Biological Studies. Rozalyn Anderson at the University of Wisconsin explains, “Fasting puts the body in a different
state, where it’s more ready to clear misfolded proteins.” Misfolded proteins are faulty versions of ordinaryproteins, which have been associated with a number of diseases.
But if intermittent fasting is a healthy way to eat, how many meals does this leave room for? Some experts
argue that it is best to have one meal a day. Manoogian does not recommend doing this, since it can increase the
level of glucose (葡萄糖) in our blood when we are not eating. Keeping blood glucose levels down requires eating
more regularly than once a day, as this prevents the body from thinking that it is starving and releasing more
glucose when you do eventually eat in response. Instead, she says, two to three meals a day is best — with most of
your calories consumed earlier in the day.“ So, your body can use the energy you feed it throughout the day, rather
than it being stored in your system as fat.” But eating too early in the morning should be avoided, as this would not
give you sufficient time to fast. This does not mean we should skip breakfast altogether, either, but some evidence
suggests we should wait an hour or two after waking up before cracking open the eggs.
Is intermittent fasting realistic? Manoogian thinks that it is best not to specify the best time to eat, as this can
be difficult for people with responsibilities and irregular time commitments, such as those working night shifts. But
whatever changes you make, researchers agree that consistency is crucial.
8．What can we know about intermittent fasting?
A．It focuses on what to eat.
B．It cures a number of diseases.
C．It keeps the digestive system clean.
D．It limits food intake to a fixed duration.
9．What does Manoogian agree with?
A．Calories can be hardly consumed in the evening.
B．Frequent meals bring about steady blood glucose.
C．Two to three meals in the day reduces storage of fat.
D．Early eating is recommended for intermittent fasting.
10．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．How intermittent fasting is tested.
B．Whether intermittent fasting is safe.
C．How intermittent fasting is practiced.
D．When people eat during intermittent fasting.
11．What’s the basic principle of intermittent fasting?
A．Sticking to a routine.
B．Defining a best meal time.
C．Having regular working hours.
D．Maintaining consistent menus.原句
"So, your body can use the energy you feed it throughout the day, rather than it being stored in your system as
fat."
译文
因此，你的身体可以在一天中利用你摄入的能量，而不是将其储存在体内作为脂肪。
分析
your body can use the energy you feed it throughout the day
|
+--[宾语: the energy you feed it throughout the day]
|
+--[定语从句: you feed it throughout the day]
rather than it being stored in your system as fat
|
+--[连词: rather than]
1.intermittent /ˌɪntərˈmɪtənt/ adj. 间歇的 2.fasting /ˈfæstɪŋ/ n. 断食
3.restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ v. 限制 4.digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/ adj. 消化的
5.misfolded /ˌmɪsˈfoʊldɪd/ adj. 错误折叠的 6.proteins /ˈproʊtiːnz/ n. 蛋白质
7.glucose /ˈɡluːkoʊs/ n. 葡萄糖 8.calories /ˈkæləriːz/ n. 卡路里
9.consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ n. 一致性 10.commitments /kəˈmɪtmənts/ n. 承诺
（四）
Orange chicken, sweet and sour pork, fried rice… Max Burns lists several typical Western-style of Chinese
dishes that disappoint him. For a 21-year-old native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China,
those cuisines are far from authentic, but rather a category which is invented to cater to Western preferences.
What also upsets Burns is that the view of Chinese food has been subsequently skewed (扭曲). Quite a few
Westerners recognize that particular type of fa re as the whole of Chinese cuisine.
“They almost have no clue about the extent of Chinese cuisine, about how it varies because people forget
how big China is. It is a country that has deserts from one side, jungles and sea from the other side. Each area has
its unique style of cooking.” he says.
Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making
Chinese dishes at home. “Food is probably the most accessible way for everyone to learn an alien culture.” he says.
Sometimes, his British friends would join to help. “And quite often, they were shocked by the diversity of
Chinese cuisine. They’ve had a long time to figure out that Chinese food is just a lot more complex.” The food
adventure has helped Burns grow into an influencer with more than three million of subscribers worldwide today.“So, I can definitely say that I’ve changed some people’s ideas about Chinese food.”
Interestingly, when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England
from Beijing, copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea”, as he puts it, because he was never super into
cooking. At the time, the videos centered more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture, including movies, snacks,
restaurants and more.
Looking ahead, Burns has some plans in mind. “I would love to do a travel food show throughout China on
TV. Also, I would love to have my. own restaurant in the future. That’s definitely going to happen.”
12．When did Max Burns return to Brighton, England according to the text?
A．Aged 13. B．Aged 14. C．Aged 16. D．Aged 21.
13．How does Max Burns change people’s wrong attitude to the Chinese cuisines?
A．Treat them to Chinese dishes. B．Write reports on Chinese cuisines.
C．Cook Chinese dishes for them in person.D．Display authentic Chinese cuisines on.
14．What is paragraph 5 of the text mainly about?
A．Burns’s ambitions. B．Burns’s achievements.
C．Burns’s adventures. D．Burns’s subscribers.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Influencer Develops a Taste for Chinese Cuisine.
B．Influencer Has Done What He Can to Change.
C．Chinese Cuisines Have to Cater to Westerners.
D．Chinese Cuisines Have Been Around the World.原句
"Interestingly, when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from
Beijing, copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea”, as he puts it, because he was never super into
cooking."
译文
有趣的是，当 Burns 在 2016 年刚从北京搬回英国布莱顿并开始做视频博客时，他认为在家模仿中餐
是一个“愚蠢的想法”，因为他对烹饪从来不是特别感兴趣。
分析
主句: copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea”
|
+--[主语: copying Chinese food at home]
原因状语从句: because he was never super into cooking
时间状语从句: when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England
from Beijing
|
+--[动名词短语: vlogging]
+--[时间状语: in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing]
1.authentic /ɔːˈθɛntɪk/ adj. 真正的 2.cater /ˈkeɪtər/ v. 迎合
3.skewed /skjuːd/ adj. 歪曲的 4.extent /ɪkˈstɛnt/ n. 范围
5.vary /ˈvɛriz/ v. 变化 6.accessible /ækˈsɛsɪbəl/ adj. 易接近的
7.diversity /daɪˈvɜrsɪti/ n. 多样性 8.influencer /ˈɪnfluənsər/ n. 影响者
9.subscribers /səbˈskraɪbərz/ n. 订阅者 10.ambition /æmˈbɪʃən/ n. 志向，野心
（五）
Self-care has become something of a buzzword that is used a lot. However, self-care as a daily practice goes
beyond spa days and yoga classes. 16
Regular exercise
Yes, it’s important to listen to your body and take rest days. However, don’t let every day become a rest day!
It’s important to push yourself to exercise on a regular basis, as this brings with it both physical and mental
benefits. If you’re feeling too tired and just don’t want to do it, remember that doing exercise can give you an
energy boost. 17Financial planning
Money matters can be a significant source of stress and anxiety, but practising financial self-care through
planning can help to remove this burden. Creating a budget and sticking to it can empower you to take control of
your financial wellbeing. 18 It provides stability and reducing stress in the long run.
Routine maintenance
From doing the dishes to tackling laundry piles, routine maintenance tasks are the unsung heroes of self-care.
While these chores may seem ordinary, completing them can have a profound impact on our mental and emotional
state. Engaging in routine maintenance tasks is a form of self-respect. 19 Embracing these tasks as acts
of self-care transforms them from burden so me chores into opportunities for nurturing our wellbeing.
Establishing a sleeping routine
20 However, adequate sleep is non-negotiable when it comes to self-care. Quality sleep boosts
cognitive function, regulates mood, and strengthens the immune system. Prioritizing sleep is an act of self-respect
that pays dividends (红利) in every aspect of our lives, from productivity to emotional resilience(恢复).
A．So do the exercise, and let the energy come after!
B．Financial self-care is an investment in your future self.
C．The best exercise is the exercise that you actually do!
D．If you notice a chore that needs doing, do it straight away.
E．The following habits will make you feel better in the long-run!
F．In a world that highlights productivity and culture, sleep is often sacrificed.
G．It involves caring for our living space and, by extension, ourselves.
原句
"Prioritizing sleep is an act of self-respect that pays dividends (红利) in every aspect of our lives, from
productivity to emotional resilience(恢复)."
译文
优先考虑睡眠是一种自尊的行为，它在我们生活的各个方面都能带来红利，从生产力到情感恢复。
分析
主句: Prioritizing sleep is an act of self-respect that pays dividends in every aspect of our lives
|
+--[定语从句: that pays dividends in every aspect of our lives]
介词短语: from productivity to emotional resilience1.buzzword /ˈbʌzwɜrd/ n. 流行词 2.practice /ˈpræktɪs/ n. 练习，实践
3.benefits /ˈbɛnɪfɪts/ n. 益处 4.financial /faɪˈnænʃəl/ adj. 金融的，财务的
5.burden /ˈbɜrdən/ n. 负担 6.empower /ɪmˈpaʊər/ v. 授权，给予力量
7.stability /stəˈbɪləti/ n. 稳定 8.routine /ruˈtin/ n. 常规
9.cognitive /ˈkɑɡnɪtɪv/ adj. 认知的 10.resilience /rɪˈzɪliəns/ n. 恢复力
（六）
Orange chicken, salt and pepper chips, fried rice... Max Burns lists several typical Western-style Chinese
dishes that 21 him. For Burns who spent his childhood in China, those cuisines are far from 22 .
They are invented to satisfy Western preferences.
Actually, many Westerners regard that particular type of 23 as the whole of Chinese cuisine. The
average Westerners are not as 24 and educated as they could be. That is why he tries to show Chinese food
by vlogging (视频博客) about 25 Chinese dishes at home.
The food adventure has helped Burns grow into an 26 with over three million subscribers worldwide
today and helped 27 some people’s ideas about Chinese food. His friends told him they were shocked by
the 28 of Chinese cuisine and it took them a long time to figure out categories of Chinese cuisine.
29 , when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 after returning to England, cooking Chinese food at
home was a then “ 30 idea”, because he was never into cooking. At the time, the 31 centered
more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture. However, during COVID-19 when Burns couldn’t 32
outside, he had to learn to cook. “Then I instantly fell in love,” he 33 . “The more I learned about Chinese
cooking, the more I got into it.”
The cooking journey also serves to maintain his 34 with China, even though he has left China for
years. Burns 35 the experiences of living in China, enabling him to teach about Chinese cuisine and build
a cross-cultural bridge between the East and the West.
21．A．attract B．disappoint C．puzzle D．scare
22．A．nutritious B．simple C．genuine D．organic
23．A．material B．dessert C．restaurant D．fare
24．A．motivated B．treated C．informed D．recognized
25．A．making B．ordering C．serving D．ranking
26．A．influencer B．amateur C．employer D．organizer
27．A．consider B．assess C．overlook D．shift
28．A．diversity B．significance C．popularity D．impact
29．A．Consequently B．Interestingly C．Ultimately D．Obviously
30．A．negative B．practical C．stupid D．brilliant
31．A．courses B．surveys C．tests D．videos
32．A．dine B．film C．exercise D．work33．A．defends B．recalls C．comments D．responds
34．A．business B．argument C．difference D．connection
35．A．imagines B．evaluates C．appreciates D．describes
1.preference /ˈprɛfərəns/ n. 偏好 2.cuisine /kwɪˈzin/ n. 菜肴，烹饪
3.educate /ˈɛdʒəˌkeɪt/ v. 教育 4.vlog /vlɒɡ/ v. 拍摄并上传视频博客
5.subscriber /səbˈskraɪbər/ n. 订阅者 6.diversity /daɪˈvɜrsɪti/ n. 多样性
7.aspect /ˈæspɛkt/ n. 方面 8.inform /ɪnˈfɔrm/ v. 通知，使了解
9.connection /kəˈnɛkʃən/ n. 连接，联系 10.appreciate /əˈpriʃiˌeɪt/ v. 感激，欣赏
（一）
（2023·全国乙卷A篇·高考真题）PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret
suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was
Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she accepted by Edinburgh University to study
worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then
was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry
hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical
was banned from medicine. profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as
learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at
a nurse for eight years before studying in medical
the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with
college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was
doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated
the first African American woman to receive a
women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book,
medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865,
Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a
where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
physician.
1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common?
A．Doing teaching jobs. B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery. D．Being banned from medicine.
2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners?
A．She wrote a book. B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist. D．She had formal education.
3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree?A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry. D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
（二）
（2023·全国乙卷C篇·高考真题）What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably
fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even
though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear
frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-
and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported
that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers
would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students
applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what
people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV
has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料)
than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults
say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and
young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through
television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an
increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
4．What do people usually think of British food?
A．It is simple and plain. B．It is rich in nutrition.
C．It lacks authentic tastes. D．It deserves a high reputation.
5．Which best describes cookery programme on British TV?
A．Authoritative. B．Creative. C．Profitable. D．Influential.
6．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A．20%. B．24%. C．25%. D．33%.
7．What might the author continue talking about?
A．The art of cooking in other countries. B．Male chefs on TV programmes.
C．Table manners in the UK. D．Studies of big eaters.
（三）
（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as
your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 8 But it doesn't mean
saying goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just
something to eat in between meetings. 9 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body
that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to
mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if
you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 10
Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 11 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant
emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can
regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
12 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals
keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until
breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive
system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A．Eat properly throughout the day.
B．We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C．Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E．Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F．For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G．That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
Task 1
本专题的主题语境是“人与自我”，话题是“生活与学习”，与学生们的日常生活和学习密切相关，
旨在帮助学生们认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制
出文章脉络吧！
Task 2
（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）假定你是李华，你们学校这学期开设了烹饪课程，指导学生制作传统中式菜
肴，请向英文校报Student Forum栏目投稿，内容包括：
1. 上课感受；2. 课程介绍；
3. 改进建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Exploring Traditional Chinese Cuisine in the School Kitchen
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
