2024届高考英语阅读理解解题策略专题三 话题类—天气、自然、周围的环境 学案
话题类阅读解题策略
——天气、自然、周围的环境
一、专题介绍
在高考英语阅读理解题中，天气、自然、周围的环境是一个热点话题，其实在写作中
也是一个热点话题。在我们当今赖以生存的生存的地球上，水资源匮乏、大范围的旱灾、
江河湖海的污染、动植物生存环境的破坏，这一切一切都不断的侵蚀着我们赖以生存的星
球，生态的失衡已经为人类的生存敲响了警钟。作为青少年更应该关注我们的生存环境，
身体力行去为环境保护贡献自己的一份力量。
二、基本策略和技巧
1. 熟悉该话题文章的特点
构建人与自然和谐关系是一个永恒不变的话题，人于自然环境的关系涉及到方方方
面，与人们的生活息息相关。因此此类文章考查的范围较广，如全球变暖、乱伐森林、节
能减排、新能源开发、大气和水污染、核辐射和白色污染、生活垃圾处理、濒临灭绝动植
物保护等。文章多采用说明文、新闻报道或者作者亲身经历的叙述等。文章的结构一般是:
①列出现象（需要解决的问题）→分析原因→列举解决办法（采取措施）；②列出环保项
目→ 介绍具体内容→ 叙述实施过程→总结实施的效果或存在的问题等。
2. 具有相关话题的词汇储备
conserve v.（conservation n.）保护，保存；ecological adj. 生态的；environmentalist adj.
环保论者；environmentally friendly环保的；balance the ecology生态平衡；recyclable adj.
可循环的；白色污染 white pollution （non-degradable white plastics）；保护生存环境 pr
otect natural habitats；城市垃圾 urban refuse；二次污染物 secondary pollutant；二氧化碳
carbon dioxide；防风治沙 check wind and control sand；封山育林 set apart hills for forestry
；国家环保总局 SEPA （ State Environmental Protection Administration）；海洋生物 m
arine life；化害为利；变废为宝 turn the harmful into the beneficial and waste into valuable；
环保产品 environment-friendly products；环保意识 environmental awareness；交通噪音
traffic noise；可再生资源renewable resources；绿色能源 green energy resource （e.g. the so
lar power 如：太阳能）；清洁能源 clean energy；全球变暖 global warming；热带风暴
tropical storm ； 人 工 降 雨 artificial rain ； 森 林 覆 盖 率 forest coverage ； 沙 尘 暴dust storm; sand storm ；生态农业eco-agriculture；受灾地区disaster -affected area；水土流
失 water loss and soil erosion ；死亡人数 death toll；酸雨 acid rain ； 太空垃圾
space trash；温室气体 greenhouse gases；无公害蔬菜"green" vegetable ；珍稀濒危物种
rare or endangered species；自然保护区natural reserve; natural preservation zone；气象学 m
eteorology ；摄氏 centigrade; Celsius ；华氏 Fahrenheit；雷 thunder；雹 hailstorm；
霜 frost；雾 fog；天气 weather； 气候 climate；气候学 climatology；季
风 monsoon；地中海气候 Mediterranean climate；秋老虎 Indian summer
3. 掌握试题特点和不同题型的解题技巧
我们必须运用好解答阅读理解题的基本策略和技巧，提高答题的速度和准确率。根据
词义理解、细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断等题型特点运用跳读、略读、推理等阅读策
略。
三、典题回放
【典题回放1】
D
Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly
into the sea, you shouldn’t forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed
on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired (启发) his famous
work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin’s footsteps and enjoy a trip from
four to seven days to the islands.
The islands are certainly a paradise (天堂) for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the
islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you
cannot walk freely as Darwin did about 200 years ago, each day is as impressive as it
could be.
The most well-known animals of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise(巨型海龟), which
can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Santa Cruz, the second largest island
in the archipelago(群岛). Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been
seen in their youth by Darwin himself.
Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be
remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures: diving with sea lions that swim and play
within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and, mostmagically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air.
Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you
will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. At night you
will sleep on board the ship, leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands,
which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time.
68. What do we know about Darwin’s visit to the islands?
A. He studied different creatures on the islands
B. He completed his famous book on the islands
C. He was touched by the geography of the islands
D. He was attracted by well-known animals of the islands
69. Which of the following plays a role in making the islands “a paradise for wildlife”?
A. Animals on the islands feed on grass.
B. Local government forbids killing wildlife.
C. People cannot visit the islands as they wish.
D. Tourists are not allowed to touch the animals.
70. Your stay on the islands will be most impressive mainly because of .
A. The beautiful sea views B. Darwin’s inspiring trip
C. a closer view of animals D. various daring activities
71. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. A Unique Attraction for wildlife Lovers
B. Calapagos as a Paradise for Adventures
C. Charles Darwin as a symbol of Galapagos
D. A successful Example of wildlife protection
【答案解析】
导语：本文介绍了Galapagos Islands的景点，这是一个冒险家的乐园，达尔文曾在这儿受
到启发写出了《物种起源》一书，同时。由于这儿环境保护得很好，生态环境没有遭到
破坏，直到现在依然是旅游的好去处。
68. A。细节理解题。由文中第一段的He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing
various animals. 可知达尔文在这儿观察了各种各样的动物。故选A。
69. C。细节理解题。根据文中第二段 as there are no natural killers on the islands and the
number of boats and visitors is under government control和第四段 strict control overactivities and timing. . . 可知原因是当地的严格管理。故选C。
70. C。细节理解题。根据your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of
incomparable pictures:…可知，在Galapagos岛上能与动物亲密接触。incomparable意思
是“无与伦比的美，无法比拟的”。故选C。
71. A。主旨大意题。这篇文章主要是向我们推荐Galapagos Islands，重点介绍岛上的野生
动物。题目要具有醒目的特点，方能达到吸引读者眼球的目的。故选A。
【典题回放2】
B
It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits
and dangers of wolves. Some groups believe wolves should be killed. Other people believe wolves
must be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderness(荒野)
For Killing Wolves
In Alaska，the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago，because hunters were killing
hundreds of them for sport. However, laws were established to protect the wolves from
sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur．So the wolf population has greatly
increased. Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply．
A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family. People in the wilderness also hunt deer for
food．Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes
in the wilderness plant life．When the deer can’t find enough food，they die．
If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer，their prey(猎物)will disappear some
day．And the wolves will, too．So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance
the ecology．If we killed more wolves，we would save them and their prey from dying out．
We’d also save some farm animals．
In another northern state，wolves attack cows and chickens for food．Farmers want the
government to send biologists to study the problem．They believe it necessary to kill wolves in
some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small wolf population．
Against Killing Wolves
If you had lived long ago，you would have heard many different stories about the dangerous
wolf．According to most stories，hungry wolves often kill people for food．Even today，thestories of the” big bad wolf'＂will not disappear．
But the fact is wolves are afraid of people, and they seldom travel in areas where there is a
human smell．When wolves eat other animals，they usually kill the very young, or the sick and
injured. The strongest survive. No kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the
weak members had lived．And has always been a law of nature.
Although some people say it is good sense to kill wolves，we say it is nonsense! Researchers
have found wolves and their prey living in balance．The wolves keep the deer population from
becoming too large, and that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life．
The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used by people．Even if
wilderness land is not used directly for human needs, the wolves can’t always find enough food.
So they travel to the nearest source, which is often a farm．Then there is danger．The “big bad
wolf” has arrived! And everyone knows what happens next．
60．According to the passage，some people in North America favor killing wolves for all the
following reasons EXCET that ．
A．there are too many wolves
B．they kill large numbers deer
C．they attack cows and chickens for food
D．they destroy the wilderness plant life
61．Some people are against killing wolves because ．
A．wolves help to keep the ecological balance in the wideness
B．there is too small a wolf population in the wilderness
C．there are too many deer in the wilderness
D．wolves are afraid of people and never attack people
62．According to those against killing wolves，when wolves eat other animals， ．
A．they never eat strong and healthy ones B．they always go against the law of nature
C．they might help this kind of animals survive in nature
D．they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness
63．The last sentence “And everyone knows what happens next” implies that in such cases
．
A．farm animals will be in danger and have to be shipped away
B．wolves will kill people and people will in turn kill themC．wolves will find enough food sources on farms
D．people will leave the areas where wolves can live
【答案解析】
导语：传说中的狼的形象并非善类，但是作为地球上的一员狼有充分的生存理由，生态需
要平衡。由于人类侵蚀了狼的生存环境，为了生存狼就会做出一些危害人类利益的事情，
甚至威胁人的生命。对狼是捕杀还是保护，不同意见在本文交锋。
60. D。细节理解题。根据文中小标题 For killing wolves 第一段第三行“so the wolf
population has increased”第三段第一句和第四段第一句话，Against Killing Wolves第三段的
and that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life也表示选项D不是原因。不选D。
61．A。推理判断题。根据小标题Against Killing Wolves 中第三段最后一句The wolves
keep the deer population from becoming too large, and that keeps a balance in the wilderness
plant life． 由1和2段知道D项never attack people太绝对，显然错误，不符合题意。故选
D。
62．C。推理判断题。小标题Against killing wolves 中第二段最后两行可知强者生存，弱者
淘汰是自然法则。
63．B。推理判断题。文中最后一段可知狼居住的地方被人类占据，它们就会跑到就近的
农场等地吃人，那么人类就会反过来杀死它们, 就会发生人狼大战。
三、巩固练习
Choose the best answers:
A
It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy.
After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.
Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were
some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog’s legs. However, they did not have enough
frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other place.
This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields
around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them.
Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every
week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the
people were able to dream of a batter future. But the dream didn’t last long.The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing
so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be
more insects around lately.
The villagers decided that they couldn’t just wait to see the crops failing and the
children getting weak. They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides(杀虫
剂) and medicines. Soon there was no money left.
Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn’t been
useless. They had been doing an important job---eating insects. Now with so many frogs
killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and
spreading diseases.
Now, the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and
listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper
meaning.
1. From paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers __________.
A. worked very hard for centuries B. dreamed of having a better life
C. were poor but somewhat content D. lived a different life from their forefathers
2. Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs?
A. the frogs were easy money B. They needs money to buy medicine
C. they wanted to please the visitors D. the frogs made too much noise
3. What might be the cause of the children’s sickness?
A. the crops didn’t do well B. there were too many insects
C. the visits brought in diseases D. the pesticides were overused
4. What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?
A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country
B. Health is more important than money
C. The harmony between man and nature is important
D. good old day will never be forgotten
Key 3: 1-4 C A B C
1. C。第一段中有The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy.
2. A。第三段句中for nothing是“免费的”意思，说明青蛙容易得到，并能赚到钱。3. B。倒数第二段中可以推断出庄稼收成不好，孩子生病与青蛙减少，害虫增多有关。
4. C。最后一句These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.说明人们过
度捕杀造成生态失衡，由此也影响了人类，因此，可以推断人与自然的和谐是重要。
