夜雨聆风学习资料网

ARTICLE · 1096831

外刊精读11:AI无法书写人类生活的本质

外刊精读11:AI无法书写人类生活的本质

The perils of AI writing

AI写作的隐患

导读:人类不应将小说、演讲及新闻等核心创作领域的署名权让渡给AI,因为写作不仅是文字产出,更是思维锤炼与人际信任的“昂贵信号”,盲目依赖AI将导致思想浅薄化并破坏读者对文本意义的根本信任。

1

大多数名人在成名之后都会写一部自传。他们害怕被遗忘,所以试图向历史证明自己的存在——但真正让自传有分量的,不是“我存在过”这个事实,而是他们在遣词造句的间隙中,愿意承受直面真实的、隐秘的自我的痛苦。

Peril不只是“危险”,而是带有一种迫在眉睫的、关乎存亡的威胁感,常见于经典文学和史诗叙事中(比如 The Perils of Pauline)。用在这里,把“AI写作”这个话题从一篇普通的技术评论,提升到了一个近乎文明危机的高度。

Humans should not surrender authorship to large language models

人类不应将创作署名权拱手让给大型语言模型。

surrender v.投降;交出,从这个词可以看出,作者将“人类写作”与“AI 写作”之间的冲突,隐喻为一场战役,暗示如果人类放弃写作,就像是在一场战役中举白旗投降一样。这种选词极具修辞张力,完美呼应了文章标题中“perils”(隐患/危难)的严肃基调。

surrender A to B 把A拱手让给B(这里的 to 是介词,后面接名词或动名词。)

1

Para 1

If The Economist had just two loyalties, they might well be to good prose and creative destruction. Those seldom previously came into conflict -until artificial-intelligence models began writing. Now, AI text is winning literary awards, occupying op-ed pages and, as we report this week, filling the mouths of politicians. One in ten words spoken in Britain’s parliamentary debates, and one in seven in America’s House of Representatives, are probably drafted by AI.

如果说《经济学人》只有两大信条,那很可能就是对优美文笔和创造性破坏的坚守。这两者在过去极少产生冲突——直到人工智能模型开始涉足写作。如今,AI生成的文本正在斩获文学奖项、占据报纸专栏版面,而且正如我们本周报道的那样,甚至开始“借”政客之口发声。在英国议会的辩论中,每十句话里就有一句、在美国众议院,每七句话里就有一句,很可能都是由AI起草的。

1. If The Economist had just two loyalties, they might well be to good prose and creative destruction. 如果说《经济学人》只有两大信条,那很可能就是对优美文笔和创造性破坏的坚守。

loyalty n. 忠诚,信条,从这个词可以看出《经济学人》是一个信仰的纸媒

might well很有可能、完全有理由,它表达了一种基于逻辑推断的高概率。

creative destruction(创造性破坏):这是经济学鼻祖熊彼特提出的经典术语,指新技术摧毁旧结构的过程。这里用作双关:一方面指从事创意写作的杂志支持技术革新,另一方面暗示AI正在“破坏”传统的写作行业。

2. Those seldom previously came into conflict -until artificial-intelligence models began writing. 这两者在过去极少产生冲突——直到人工智能模型开始涉足写作。

those指代前一句提到的good prose和creative destruction

虽然没有显性的 “not”,但副词 “seldom”(很少、几乎不)本身带有强烈的否定含义。 因此,这句话的底层逻辑与 “not... until” 完全一致。 “not … until”暗含一个“三段式时间线”:

① 第一阶段(过去常态):优美文笔与创造性破坏几乎从未发生冲突(seldom came into conflict)。

② 第二阶段(时间节点):AI模型开始写作(until AI models began writing)。

③ 第三阶段(现状改变):两者开始发生冲突(隐含结果)

3. Now, AI text is winning literary awards, occupying op-ed pages and, as we report this week, filling the mouths of politicians. 如今,AI生成的文本正在斩获文学奖项、占据报纸专栏版面,而且正如我们本周报道的那样,甚至开始“借”政客之口发声。

① occupy op-pages 占领专栏 op-ed pages:报纸的“评论版”(Opposite the Editorial page)。这是报纸上刊登外部专家、专栏作家观点的地方,代表了公共舆论的高地。

② fill the mouths of someone 填满某人的嘴巴,实际上是指AI生成的演讲稿或发言稿被政客们照本宣科地读了出来

③ wining…, occupying …, filling …三个分词短语,构成排比,增强了AI写作带来的危机

4. One in ten words spoken in Britain’s parliamentary debates, and one in seven in America’s House of Representatives, are probably drafted by AI. 在英国议会的辩论中,每十句话里就有一句、在美国众议院,每七句话里就有一句,很可能都是由AI起草的。

虽然主语核心是 One(单数),但在现代英语(尤其是新闻英语)中,当强调复数名词 words 时,谓语动词常用复数 are(概念一致原则)。

2

Para 2

When it comes to the written word, no writer is neutral party. This newspaper has applauded technological progress for nearly two centuries. It would be churlish to turn Luddite only now, once the wolves of automation have turned up at our own door. And yet. Both writers and readers should be wary of passing the pen to AI.

谈及文字写作,没有哪位作家能保持中立。近两个世纪以来,本报一直为技术进步喝彩。然而,一旦自动化的“狼群”逼近自家门口,我们若在此时摇身一变成了卢德主义者(盲目反对技术者),那就显得太小气、太没风度了。话虽如此,无论是作者还是读者,都应当对将“笔杆子”交给AI这件事保持警惕。

1. When it comes to the written word, no writer is neutral party. 谈及文字写作,没有哪位作家能保持中立。

① written word这里指代写作这项事业

② When it comes to...用于引出话题,意为“当谈到……时”、“在……方面”。这是议论文中非常实用的过渡句型

2. This newspaper has applauded technological progress for nearly two centuries. 近两个世纪以来,本报一直为技术进步喝彩。

① applaud v. 为……喝彩/鼓掌,带有情感色彩的“支持”,体现了《经济学人》近两个世纪以来对技术进步的热情态度。

② for nearly two centuries这个时间状语是现在完成时的典型标志

3. It would be churlish to turn Luddite only now, once the wolves of automation have turned up at our own door. 然而,一旦自动化的“狼群”逼近自家门口,我们若在此时摇身一变成了卢德主义者(盲目反对技术者),那就显得太小气、太没风度了。

① churlish adj. 粗鲁无礼的;粗野的;脾气坏的

② the wolves of automation have turned up at our own door将“自动化技术带来的威胁”比作“出现在家门口的狼群”,既暗示了危机的迫在眉睫,又带有一种被围猎的紧张感。

③ Luddite(卢德主义者):源自19世纪英国工人捣毁纺织机的“卢德运动”。如今专指盲目反对新技术、害怕被机器取代的人。这里用作历史典故,增加了文章的文化厚度。(这种引经据典的写作手法,就是我们常说的“用典”allusion)

4. Both writers and readers should be wary of passing the pen to AI. 话虽如此,无论是作者还是读者,都应当对将“笔杆子”交给AI这件事保持警惕。

① wary adj. (对待人或事物时)小心的 be wary of … 担心……

② passing the pen to AI:用“笔杆子”(the pen)代指“写作权”或“创作权”。

3

Para 3

Admittedly, in some sorts of writing an AI takeover would be welcome: customer-service complaints, say, or technical write-ups where clarity is all. What matters in such cases is disclosing the use of AI and making sure that the human being whose name is on the page still takes responsibility. Writers of all sorts would be doing their readers a disservice if they did not use AI models for research, proofreading and, when appropriate, feedback.

诚然,在某些类型的写作中,AI 的接管是值得欢迎的:比如客服投诉回复,或一切以清晰为要的技术说明。在这类情形中,重要的是披露 AI 的使用,并确保署名的真人作者仍然承担责任。各类写作者如果不利用 AI 模型开展研究、校对,并在适当时获取反馈,反倒会损害读者的利益。

1. Admittedly, in some sorts of writing an AI takeover would be welcome: customer-service complaints, say, or technical write-ups where clarity is all. 诚然,在某些类型的写作中,AI 的接管是值得欢迎的:比如客服投诉回复,或一切以清晰为要的技术说明。

① admittedly adv.诚然地(让步副词),常引出反方观点或限定条件,再接转折。

② takeover n. 收购;接管;接收;(对国家、地区、政治组织等的)强行接管→take over (动词短语)

③ 冒号引出对 some sorts of writing 的具体说明:customer-service complaints:客服投诉(回复);technical write-ups:技术说明文档。

④ where clarity is all:where:关系副词,引导定语从句,相当于 in which,指“在这类文档中”;clarity is all:即“清晰度就是全部/唯一的要求”,类似 speed is all(速度就是一切)。

2. What matters in such cases is disclosing the use of AI and making sure that the human being whose name is on the page still takes responsibility. 在这类情形中,重要的是披露 AI 的使用,并确保署名的真人作者仍然承担责任。

① What matters =重要的事情,what 是复合关系代词,相当于 the thing that。

② disclose v. 透露;泄露;揭露;使显露 (同义表达:reveal/unveil)

3. Writers of all sorts would be doing their readers a disservice if they did not use AI models for research, proofreading and, when appropriate, feedback. 各类写作者如果不利用 AI 模型开展研究、校对,并在适当时获取反馈,反倒会损害读者的利益。

① would be doing:这是过去进行时的虚拟语气。would 表示假设,be doing 的进行时态强调这种“损害”是持续性的、正在进行的状态。

② do sb a disservice:固定搭配,意为“损害某人利益/对某人不利”,是 do sb a favor(帮某人忙)的反义表达。

③ if they did not use AI models for ...这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。从句用过去时 did not use,主句用 would be doing。

4

Para 4

Elsewhere, however – in novels, speeches and even news articles- surrendering human authorship would be a mistake. For the time being, the most popular gripe about AI writing is us the clumsiness of the prose itself. That complaints rests on shaky foundations. The Luddites grumbled, once, about the poor workmanship of machine-made stockings. But then the stockings got better. Doubtless, AI sentences will, too.

然而在其他领域——小说、演讲,甚至新闻报道——放弃人类作者身份将是一个错误。目前,人们对 AI 写作最常见的抱怨仍是其行文笨拙。但这种抱怨的基础并不牢固。卢德主义者也曾抱怨过机器制造的长筒袜做工粗糙。但后来,袜子的质量改善了。毫无疑问,AI 生成的句子也会如此。

央人民政府宣布自1949年起,以每年的10月1日,即中华人民共和国宣告成立的日子,即国庆日。

1. Elsewhere, however – in novels, speeches and even news articles – surrendering human authorship would be a mistake. 然而在其他领域——小说、演讲,甚至新闻报道——放弃人类作者身份将是一个错误。

① Elsewhere:承接上文的“客服投诉、技术说明”等场景,意为“在其他写作领域”。

② would be a mistake:would 表示谨慎判断,比 is 更委婉、更学术。

2. For the time being, the most popular gripe about AI writing is us the clumsiness of the prose itself. 目前,人们对 AI 写作最常见的抱怨仍是其行文笨拙。但这种抱怨的基础并不牢固。

① gripe n. 抱怨,牢骚(=complaint)

② the clumsiness of the prose itself:表语,意为“冗长的写作”

3. That complaints rests on shaky foundations. 但这种抱怨的基础并不牢固。

①  rest on … 以……为基础,依靠,(目光)停留在……上

② shaky adj. 颤抖的;颤巍巍的;不稳固的;不牢靠的

4. The Luddites grumbled, once, about the poor workmanship of machine-made stockings. But then the stockings got better.卢德主义者也曾抱怨过机器制造的长筒袜做工粗糙。但后来,袜子的质量改善了。

① grumble v. 发牢骚;咕哝;嘟囔;咕隆

② poor workmanship:意为“做工粗糙”。workmanship 指“工艺、制作水平”。(craftsmanship n. 手艺;精工细作,工匠精神)

5

Para 5

Any serious case against AI writing must rest, therefore, on the ways that words are not stockings: how they carry meaning and significance beyond what ends up on the page. The act of writing tends to be painful, even for many of those who do it for a living. But much of that pain is really the pain of thinking, of crystallizing thoughts in text. Sidestepping that is sure-fire-route to less rigorous, let alone original, human thought. Students who outsource their essays to Claude may lose the habit of reasoning. Politicians who let AI craft their arguments may be less mindful of their consequences.

因此,任何反对AI写作的严肃论点,都必须立足于文字与“袜子”的不同之处:文字所承载的意义和分量,远超纸面呈现的内容。写作这一行为往往是痛苦的,即便对许多以此为生的人也不例外。但这种痛苦在很大程度上其实是思考的痛苦——将思想在文字中凝固定型的过程。绕过这一过程,必然导致人类思维不够严谨,更谈不上原创性。把论文外包给Claude的学生,可能会丧失推理的习惯;让AI代笔撰写论点的政客,可能对言论后果缺乏足够的警觉。

1. Any serious case against AI writing must rest, therefore, on the ways that words are not stockings: how they carry meaning and significance beyond what ends up on the page. 因此,任何反对AI写作的严肃论点,都必须立足于文字与“袜子”的不同之处:文字所承载的意义和分量,远超纸面呈现的内容。

① rest on“基于、依赖于”,与前文 rest on shaky foundations 呼应,形成词汇复现。

② the ways that …,that 引导定语从句修饰 the ways,意为“文字不同于袜子的方面”(这里的袜子指代纺织业)。这是全文论证的收束点——前文用“机器袜子”做类比,此处作者主动指出类比的边界。

③ how 引导同位语从句,具体解释 the ways

④ beyond what ends up on the page:what 引导名词性从句作 beyond 的宾语,意为“超越最终落在纸面上的内容”。这一表达强调文字的言外之意和思想深度。

2. The act of writing tends to be painful, even for many of those who do it for a living. But much of that pain is really the pain of thinking, of crystallizing thoughts in text. 写作这一行为往往是痛苦的,即便对许多以此为生的人也不例外。但这种痛苦在很大程度上其实是思考的痛苦——将思想在文字中凝固定型的过程。

① do it for a living:习语,“以此为生/以此为职业”

② 两个 of 短语并列,后者是对前者的同位解释:思考的痛苦 = 将思想凝固定型的痛苦;crystallize:本义“结晶”,引申为“使(思想、计划等)明确化、定型”,是非常精准的动词选择。

3. Sidestepping that is sure-fire-route to less rigorous, let alone original, human thought. 绕过这一过程,必然导致人类思维不够严谨,更谈不上原创性。

① sidestep v. 回避;横跨一步躲过;侧移一步闪过

② that在这里指代上一句中提到的“写作是痛苦的思考过程”

③ sure-fire:复合形容词,意为“必然成功的、万无一失的”

4. Students who outsource their essays to Claude may lose the habit of reasoning. Politicians who let AI craft their arguments may be less mindful of their consequences. 把论文外包给Claude的学生,可能会丧失推理的习惯;让AI代笔撰写论点的政客,可能对言论后果缺乏足够的警觉。

① 两个平行结构的定语从句,分别以 students 和 politicians 为主语,形成排比论证,说明AI写作如何削弱人的思考能力。

② craft:动词,意为“精心制作”,比 write 更具“刻意雕琢”的意味

袜子只是物品,文字承载思想 → 写作的痛苦本质是思考的痛苦 → 绕过写作 = 绕过思考 → 具体后果:学生丧失推理能力,政客丧失责任意识。

6

Para 6

Another big concern is with the consumer of the written word- or readers, as they are better known. AI writing breaks the expectations of a literate culture. Human text takes longer to write than to read. This offers a certain guarantee if not of quality-the world still swims in dire prose-then at least of effort. Someone, somewhere, thought somethings was worth saying. Economists call that a costly signal.

另一个重大关切在于书面文字的消费者——也就是我们更熟知的“读者”。AI写作打破了读写文化中的基本预期。人类写一篇文章所花的时间,总是比读它要长得多。这至少提供了一种“努力”的保证,即便无法保证质量——毕竟世上依然充斥着糟糕的文字——但能证明有人曾为此付出过心血。也就是说,在某个地方,总有人曾认为某些内容值得被表达出来。经济学家将这种现象称为“昂贵信号”。

1. Another big concern is with the consumer of the written word- or readers, as they are better known. 另一个重大关切在于书面文字的消费者——也就是我们更熟知的“读者”。

① be with “涉及、关乎”(=about)

② another big concern … 回应了上一段提到的 “Sidestepping that is sure-fire-route to less rigorous”(AI写作导致人类思维能力退化)

2. AI writing breaks the expectations of a literate culture. AI写作打破了读写文化中的基本预期。

① literate culture “读写文化/具备读写素养的社会”。literate 指“有读写能力的”,此处引申为“以文字阅读和写作为基础的文化传统”。(literate adj.有素质的,有文化的 – illiterate adj.文盲的,不识字的)

3. Human text takes longer to write than to read. This offers a certain guarantee if not of quality-the world still swims in dire prose-then at least of effort. Someone, somewhere, thought somethings was worth saying.这至少提供了一种“努力”的保证,即便无法保证质量——毕竟世上依然充斥着糟糕的文字——但能证明有人曾为此付出过心血。也就是说,在某个地方,总有人曾认为某些内容值得被表达出来。经济学家将这种现象称为“昂贵信号”。

① takes longer to A than to B。写作成本高,阅读成本低,因此文字本身就携带了“作者付出过努力”的信号。(同时,than 连接的两个比较对象保持结构上的一致)

② if not A, then at least B(让步结构)“即便不能保证A,至少能保证B”

③ swims in(比喻用法),意为“充斥着、淹没在……之中”

④ 三个不定代词 someone / somewhere / something 并列,形成节奏感,强调“至少有一个具体的人、在一个具体的地方、经过思考后认为某事值得表达”。

4. costly signal:经济学术语“昂贵信号/高成本信号”,指通过付出高昂成本来传递可信信息的行为。此处借用该概念,说明“写作耗时”这一成本本身就是作者认真态度的证明。

人类写作耗时 > 阅读耗时 → 文字本身是“努力”的信号 → 即便质量不高,至少证明有人认真想过 → AI写作零成本,无法传递这一信号 → 因此打破了读写文化的预期

END

相信文字的力量

微信号丨Chilly的英语口袋书

小红书丨Chilly的英语口袋书

相关学习资料