ARTICLE · 1099591
小学英语高频句型68个整理:按问答、表达、写作分类,三至六年级都能用

孩子学了一堆句型,做题还是卡壳——卡住的地方通常不是"哪个句型",是"什么时候用哪个"。
把句型按问答、表达、写作三类重新打包:问答类解决"听得懂、答得对",表达类解决"说得清、不卡壳",写作类解决"写得长、不掉段"。三类背完,孩子的英语从"能考"过渡到"能用"。
68 个句型全部标注适用年级——[3-4] 为入门、[5-6] 为进阶,三到六年级的孩子都能直接找到自己现阶段要用的那一批。

一、为什么按"问答、表达、写作"三类背句型
句型散着记和打包记,半年后差距会很明显。区别不在于谁记得多,而在于记的时候有没有"用"的锚点。
课本说"本单元重点句型"就抄在本子上,抄完念三遍。
考试题换了个场景就写不出;或者写出来的句子和原句一模一样,作文里一字不动照搬,扣分。
背过的句型留在课本里,没有"被调用过"。
把句型按"用在哪"分类:被问时用哪组、表达感受用哪组、写作开头用哪组。
做卷子时一看到题型就调对应那组;写作文时直接用开头承接结尾模板,不卡壳。
句型和场景绑在一起,用过一次就形成。
三类句型的边界:问答类管输入(听懂问题、给出正确答语),表达类管日常输出(介绍、喜好、请求),写作类管成段输出(开头、衔接、结尾、描写)。三类各练一组,作文和口语都能带起来。
二、怎么用这 68 个:3 步学习法
标年级,挑适合的先背。每组句型右侧第一列都有适用年级标签。三四年级从 [3-4] 开始,五六年级从 [5-6] 开始;想全面打底就按顺序背。
背句型当例句念,不拆主谓宾。念的时候整句带过,不要停下来分析为什么用 is 不用 are。这一阶段的目标是"存句型",不是"讲语法"。
换一个人/时间/地点再说一遍。例句是 I have a cat.,换成 He has a dog. / They had a bike. 再说一次——这一步同时练了句型和主谓一致,两个一起记。
基础薄弱的孩子怎么起步:不要按顺序从第 1 个背到第 68 个。挑一个常做的真实场景——比如本周末要介绍自己养的小动物,就去"表达类"找 My pet is... 这一组,先用 3 天,比从头背到尾有效得多。
三、问答类 22 组(听力、对话填空、答语题)
这一类是输入侧的句型——考卷上看到问句要知道怎么答,听到短对话要听懂对方在问什么。下面 22 组按从入门到进阶排好,对标三到六年级卷面上的高频提问。
| 适用 | 句型 | 中文 | 例句 | 例句翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [3-4] | Are you ...? | Are you a student? | ||
| [3-4] | Is he / she ...? | Is she your sister? | ||
| [3-4] | Do you like ...? | Do you like apples? | ||
| [3-4] | Can you ...? | Can you swim? | ||
| [3-4] | Have you got ...? | Have you got a pen? | ||
| [3-4] | How old are you? | I'm 14 years old. | ||
| [3-4] | What's this in English? | It's an apple. | ||
| [3-4] | What colour is it? | It's red and white. | ||
| [3-4] | Where is ...? | Where is my bag? | ||
| [3-4] | What time is it? | It's seven o'clock. | ||
| [5-6] | How many / much ...? | How many books do you have? | ||
| [5-6] | How do you ...? | How do you go to school? | ||
| [5-6] | How often ...? | How often do you play sports? | ||
| [5-6] | Why ...? | Why are you late? | ||
| [5-6] | What's the matter? | I have a headache. | ||
| [5-6] | Whose ... is this? | It's mine. | ||
| [5-6] | What do you want to be? | I want to be a doctor. | ||
| [5-6] | Would you like ...? | Would you like some tea? | ||
| [5-6] | Shall we ...? | Shall we go now? | ||
| [5-6] | May I ...? | May I come in? | ||
| [5-6] | Could you please ...? | Could you please help me? | ||
| [5-6] | What ... do you like best? | What subject do you like best? |
易错:
how many 后面接可数名词复数、
how much 后面接不可数名词——考卷上这一对出现率极高。
How many water 是错的,
How much water 是对的;
How much apples 是错的,
How many apples 是对的。
四、表达类 22 组(自我介绍、喜好、请求、感受)
这一类是日常输出侧的句型——日常说话、写日记、给老师请假都用得上。22 组按使用频率排,三年级第一次英语自我介绍就用前 4 组。
| 适用 | 句型 | 中文 | 例句 | 例句翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [3-4] | My name is ... | My name is Lucy. | ||
| [3-4] | I am ... years old. | I am 8 years old. | ||
| [3-4] | I like ... | I like apples very much. | ||
| [3-4] | I don't like ... | I don't like maths. | ||
| [3-4] | I have ... | I have a cat and a dog. | ||
| [3-4] | I can ... | I can play football. | ||
| [3-4] | Let me ... | Let me try. | ||
| [3-4] | Here you are. | Here you are. | ||
| [3-4] | I'm sorry. | I'm sorry, I'm late. | ||
| [3-4] | Thank you. | Thank you very much. | ||
| [5-6] | I'd like ... | I'd like some milk. | ||
| [5-6] | I want to ... | I want to be a teacher. | ||
| [5-6] | I'm good at ... | I'm good at English. | ||
| [5-6] | I'm interested in ... | I'm interested in music. | ||
| [5-6] | I'm afraid of ... | I'm afraid of dogs. | ||
| [5-6] | I'm proud of ... | I'm proud of you. | ||
| [5-6] | I'm worried about ... | I'm worried about my exam. | ||
| [5-6] | I feel like ... | I feel like a rest. | ||
| [5-6] | I think ... | I think you are right. | ||
| [5-6] | I'm going to ... | I'm going to visit my grandma. | ||
| [5-6] | I used to ... | I used to walk to school. | ||
| [5-6] | I'd rather ... than ... | I'd rather walk than take a bus. |
I'd like 和 I want 的差别:I'd like 比 I want 更礼貌,作文里向老师请求时用 I'd like;向朋友说自己想要时用 I want。两个都表示"想要",但语气强度和使用场景不同——这是作文得分细节。
五、写作类 24 组(开头、承接、描写、结尾)
这一类是成段输出侧的句型——把零散的句子串成一篇作文。24 组按结构分四段:开头 6 组(怎么起笔)、承接 6 组(怎么过渡)、描写 6 组(怎么展开)、结尾 6 组(怎么收束)。三到六年级写任何作文都能直接套。
| 适用 | 句型 | 中文 | 例句 | 例句翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [3-4] | I have a ... | I have a friend. He is tall. | ||
| [3-4] | My name is ... | My name is Tom. I am 10. | ||
| [5-6] | I'm going to tell you about ... | I'm going to tell you about my day. | ||
| [5-6] | Today I want to talk about ... | Today I want to talk about my hobby. | ||
| [5-6] | As we all know, ... | As we all know, China is a great country. | ||
| [5-6] | In my opinion, ... | In my opinion, reading is very important. | ||
| [5-6] | First ... / Next ... / Then ... / After that ... / Finally ... | First, I get up at 6. Next, I wash my face. | ||
| [5-6] | On the one hand ... on the other hand ... | On the one hand, he is tall. On the other hand, he is slow. | ||
| [5-6] | Not only ... but also ... | She is not only smart but also kind. | ||
| [5-6] | Because ... | I like summer because I can swim. | ||
| [5-6] | For example, ... | I love sports. For example, I play basketball every day. | ||
| [5-6] | ... such as ... | I like fruits, such as apples and bananas. | ||
| [3-4] | ... is ... | My mum is kind. | ||
| [3-4] | ... has ... | She has long hair. | ||
| [5-6] | ... looks ... | He looks happy today. | ||
| [5-6] | ... likes ... / ... loves ... | He likes reading. | ||
| [5-6] | ... is good at ... | She is good at maths. | ||
| [5-6] | ... enjoys doing ... | He enjoys listening to music. | ||
| [3-4] | I love ... | I love my family. | ||
| [3-4] | I enjoy ... very much. | I enjoy reading very much. | ||
| [5-6] | I want to thank ... | I want to thank my parents. | ||
| [5-6] | That's why ... | That's why I love my school. | ||
| [5-6] | All in all, ... | All in all, it was a great day. | ||
| [5-6] | I hope ... | I hope you have a good day. |
For example 和 such as 别混——For example 后面直接接句子(For example, I play basketball.),有逗号;such as 后面直接接名词(fruits such as apples),没有逗号。考卷上这一对经常混用错位,是阅卷扣分点。
六、4 个最容易用错的句型
下面这 4 组不是"没背过",而是"背过之后特别容易用错"。它们的共同点是:中文翻译相近,但英文句型必须分清用法。考试专门考这一类。
How many 和 How much:可数 vs 不可数
✕ How many water do you have?
✓ How much water do you have?
✓ How many apples do you have?
many 跟"能数出个数"的可数名词复数(books / apples / students);much 跟"数不出个数"的不可数名词(water / milk / time)。这条是五年级卷面填空题每年都考的固定考点,作文里写错也会被扣分。
For example 和 such as:句子 vs 词语
✕ For example apples and bananas are good.
✓ Apples and bananas are good. For example, they are sweet.
✓ I like fruits such as apples and bananas.
For example 后面接整句(所以有逗号);such as 后面只接词或短语(没有逗号)。这条中文里两个都说"比如",但英文句式完全不同——作文里每年都有人写错。
I'd like 和 I want:礼貌 vs 直接
✕ I'd like to eat now!(对朋友说话时语气太重)
✓ I want to eat now.(朋友之间直接说)
✓ I'd like to eat now.(对外/对老师/写信/写邮件)
两个都翻译为"想要",但 I'd like 是 would like 的缩写,比 I want 礼貌。写作文、看图说话时,对陌生人/对老师/邮件场景用 I'd like 才不会被扣"礼貌分"。
Not only ... but also ...:语序与就远原则
✕ Not only he is kind but also smart.
✓ He is not only kind but also smart.
Not only 放在句首时,后面的主语和动词要倒装(is not he 这种结构),小学阶段不考;但即使不倒装,not only 也不能直接顶在主语前面,要放到系动词后。Not only but also 连接两个表语(kind 和 smart)也对,但连接两个主语时谓语跟最近的那个(Neither ... nor / Not only ... but also 都遵循这个规则)。
七、7 天过关训练计划
68 个句型按每天 15 分钟分配,7 天走完一轮。每一天都给了检验标准,达不到就不要往下走——这是这套计划唯一的要求。
第 1 天 · 问答类入门 10 组([3-4])。从 How old are you 一直练到 What time is it。检验标准:家长用中文问"你多大了""这是几点了""你包在哪",孩子立刻说出英文句型。
第 2 天 · 问答类进阶 12 组([5-6])。重点抓 how 家族和 why / whose。检验标准:能正确区分 how many / how much;能用 why 问出至少 3 个真实问题并用答语回答。
第 3 天 · 表达类入门 10 组([3-4])。自我介绍 + 日常礼貌。检验标准:能用英文做 30 秒自我介绍,包含 My name is / I am ... years old / I like / I have 至少 3 句。
第 4 天 · 表达类进阶 12 组([5-6])。重点抓 I'd like / I want / I'm good at / I think。检验标准:能用这些句型写一段 5 句话介绍自己的短文,I'd like 用对至少 1 次、I'm good at 用对至少 1 次。
第 5 天 · 写作类 24 组。把开头、承接、描写、结尾各 6 组按结构背一遍。检验标准:用今天学的 24 组中至少 10 组,写一篇 50 词的"My Friend"作文。
第 6 天 · 4 大易错专项。只看第六节的 4 张坑卡,每一组各造 2 个句子(1 个正确、1 个故意写错再改回来)。检验标准:能说清 how many/how much、for example/such as、I'd like/I want、not only but also 各组的用法,且能举对错例。
第 7 天 · 综合自测。把 68 组句型全部遮住中文,只看英文说出中文;再遮住英文,只看中文写出句型。两轮都过,这一轮才算走完。检验标准:两轮各自正确率都在 85% 以上。
家长红线:不要在第 1 天就要求孩子把 68 组全背下来。这套计划的设计是"每天一组或几组 + 检验",一旦跳步,孩子会变成"认得但写不出",比不背更糟。
写在最后
句型有一个特点:它不像单词那样能"独立用",考卷上看到句型往往是被打乱的标签——把"提问"变成"答语",把"日常表达"变成"听力填词",把"写作句型"换成"人称时态"。
这 68 组按三类打包——问答、表达、写作——每一类都用同一个思路:先存场景,再记句型,最后在真实语境里用过一次。三轮走完,孩子的英语会从"看到问句大脑空白"变成"看到题型句型就跳出来"。
句型不是背得越多越好,是能在对的场景里调到对的句子。
68 组按三类走完,孩子的英语会从"考试能考"过渡到"日常能用"。