英文进阶课——动词(配套习题)

一、动词的分类与基本用法（第 1–5 题）

1. 下列哪个动词是及物动词（必须带宾语）？

A. arrive　B. discuss　C. happen　D. rise

2. The soup ______ delicious. Would you like some? 

A. tastes　B. eats　C. cooks　D. makes

3. 下列哪个词是助动词？

A. do　B. run　C. take　D. hope

4. You ______ finish it today. There's no hurry.

A. mustn't　B. needn't　C. can't　D. shouldn't

5. He ______ be at home. I saw him in the library just now.

A. must　B. can't　C. may　D. should

二、动词时态（第 6–15 题）

6. My father ______ to work by bus every day.

A. go　B. goes　C. going　D. went

7. We ______ the science museum last Sunday.

A. visit　B. visited　C. have visited　D. will visit

8. Listen! Someone ______ in the next room.

A. sings　B. sang　C. is singing　D. has sung

9. Don't worry. I ______ you as soon as I get there.

A. call　B. called　C. will call　D. am calling

10. If it ______ tomorrow, we'll stay at home.

A. will rain　B. rains　C. rained　D. is raining

11. — Would you like to see the film with us? — Sorry, I ______ it already.

A. see　B. saw　C. have seen　D. had seen

12. — Have you ever been to Shanghai? — Yes. I ______ there last year.

A. have been　B. went　C. have gone　D. go

13. By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film ______.

A. began　B. has begun　C. had begun　D. begins

14. At nine o'clock last night, I ______ TV with my family.

A. watch　B. watched　C. was watching　D. have watched

15. Look at the dark clouds. It ______ rain soon.

A. is going to　B. was going to　C. has　D. would

三、动词的语态（第 16–20 题）

16. English ______ all over the world.

A. speaks　B. is spoken　C. spoke　D. is speaking

17. The bridge ______ in 1990.

A. built　B. was built　C. is built　D. has built

18. The work ______ already. Let's go home.

A. has finished　B. has been finished　C. is finishing　D. was finishing

19. This must ______ today. We have no time to waste.

A. do　B. be done　C. be doing　D. done

20. This kind of shirt ______ well and it's very popular.

A. is sold　B. sells　C. sold　D. is selling

四、非谓语动词（第 21–25 题）

21. He got up early ______ the first bus.

A. catch　B. to catch　C. catching　D. caught

22. My brother enjoys ______ to music after school.

A. listen　B. listening　C. to listen　D. listened

23. The boy ______ Tom is my best friend.

A. calling　B. called　C. to call　D. calls

24. The man ______ under the tree is our English teacher.

A. stand　B. stood　C. standing　D. to stand

25. She wants ______ a teacher when she grows up.

A. be　B. being　C. to be　D. been

五、主谓一致（第 26–28 题）

26. The number of students in our school ______ about 1,000.

A. is　B. are　C. were　D. be

27. Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home now.

A. is　B. are　C. was　D. has been

28. There ______ a pen and two books on the desk.

A. is　B. are　C. have　D. has

六、动词短语与固定搭配（第 29–30 题）

29. Don't ______! You're almost there.

A. give up　B. give in　C. give out　D. give away

30. He is good at ______ and he wants to join the swimming club.

A. swim　B. swimming　C. to swim　D. swam

附加题 ______ books is his hobby.

A. Read　B. Reading　C. To reading　D. Reads

参考答案与解析

1、B，discuss 是及物动词，必须带宾语（discuss the plan）。arrive、happen、rise 都是不及物动词，不能直接带宾语；

2、A，taste 在此作感官系动词，后接形容词 delicious，不用被动、不用副词；

3、A，do 可作助动词构成疑问句和否定句（Do you...? / I don't...）。run、take、hope 都是实义动词；

4、B，needn't = 不必（There's no hurry 提示无必要）。mustn't 表"禁止"，与语境不符；

5、B，否定推测用 can't（不可能）：既然刚才在图书馆见过，他不可能在家。must 只用于肯定推测。对比：He must be at home.（他一定在家）；

6、B，every day 提示一般现在时；主语 My father 是第三人称单数 → goes；

7、B，last Sunday 是确指过去时间，只能搭配一般过去时；

8、C，Listen! 提示动作正在进行 → 现在进行时 is singing；

9、C，as soon as 引导时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时 → will call（主将从现）；

10、B，if 引导条件状语从句，"主将从现"：从句用一般现在时 rains；

11、C，already 与"对现在的影响"（已经看过，不用再看）→ 现在完成时 have seen；

12、B，last year 是确指过去时间 → 一般过去时。这是"现在完成时 vs 一般过去时"的经典考点：现在完成时不能与 last year、yesterday 等连用；

13、C，By the time + 过去时，主句表示"过去的过去"→ 过去完成时 had begun；

14、C，at nine last night 是过去某一时刻 → 过去进行时 was watching；

15、A，有迹象（乌云）预示即将发生 → be going to（区别于 will 的单纯预测）；

16、B，English 是动作的承受者 → 被动 is spoken。语言类主语用被动是固定考法；

17、B，桥是"被建造"的，且时间是 1990 → 一般过去时的被动 was built；

18、B，现在完成时被动：has been + 过去分词 → has been finished；

19、B，情态动词被动：must be + 过去分词 → must be done；

20、B，描述商品的性能特征用主动形式表被动意义：This shirt sells well。（对比：The shirt was sold yesterday. 表"被卖出"的动作）；

21、B，不定式作目的状语：早起的目的是赶上第一班车 → to catch；

22、B，enjoy 后只接动名词：enjoy doing。同类：finish, mind, practise, suggest, keep；

23、B，boy 和 call 是被动关系（被叫做）→ 过去分词作定语 called Tom；

24、C，man 和 stand 是主动关系（他站着）→ 现在分词作定语 standing；

25、C，want 后接不定式：want to do。同类：hope, decide, plan, would like；

26、A，the number of（……的数量）作主语，谓语用单数 is。对比：a number of（许多）作主语用复数；

27、B，neither... nor... 遵循就近原则：靠近谓语的 parents 是复数 → are；

28、A，There be 句型同样遵循就近原则：靠近的 a pen 是单数 → is；

29、A，give up 放弃（You're almost there 提示是"别放弃"）。give in 屈服、give out 分发/耗尽、give away 送掉/泄露；

30、B，be good at 后接动名词：be good at doing；

附加：B，动名词作主语：Reading books is his hobby（谓语用单数 is）；

五条核心规律总结

2. 两个必考时态陷阱

• 主将从现：

• 现在完成时不与确指过去时间连用：

3. 被动语态的公式：be + 过去分词，be 的时态跟着主语走

4. 非谓语动词的"三选一"判断法

• 表目的、将来（want, hope, decide, 作目的状语）→ to do

• 与逻辑主语是主动关系（正在做）→ doing

• 与逻辑主语是被动关系（被做）→ done

• 记住只接 doing 的动词：enjoy, finish, mind, practise, keep, suggest

5. 主谓一致的两个"陷阱点"

• the number of → 单数；a number of → 复数
• 就近原则：There be 句型、neither...nor... / either...or... / not only...but also... 以靠近谓语的那个主语为准