英语考试中，有一类题让无数同学又爱又恨：

爱它，因为只要掌握规律，10秒就能写出答案； 恨它，因为一个细节写错，整道题就全扣光了。

它就是——句型转换。

句型转换是高考英语和各地模拟考的必考题型，也是提升写作水平的核心技能。一个能把句子"翻来覆去"说的人，无论在阅读、完形还是写作中，都能游刃有余。

本文系统整理了高中阶段六大句型转换类型，每种都给出转换公式 + 大量实例 + 易错提示。收藏这篇，句型转换从此不再丢分！

📖 本文内容导航

📌 第一型：主动句 ↔ 被动句（及物动词的语态转换）

📌 第二型：直接引语 → 间接引语（宾语从句的综合应用）

📌 第三型：肯定句 ↔ 否定句（否定转移与否定形式的切换）

📌 第四型：陈述句 ↔ 疑问句（含一般/特殊/反意疑问句三大类）

📌 第五型：简单句 ↔ 复合句（合并与拆分）

📌 第六型：特殊句型转换（There be / It / 感叹句 / 虚拟语气句型）

📌 第一型：主动句 ↔ 被动句

这是最基础、最常见的句型转换。记住"主宾互换，动词变 be + 过去分词，时态保持不变"。

🔑 核心转换公式

主动句 → 被动句：

原宾语 ＋ be + 过去分词 ＋ by + 原主语（by 可省略）

被动句 → 主动句：

原主语（原by后的名词）＋ 谓语动词（还原）＋ 原宾语

📝 各时态被动语态公式一览

💡 详细例句讲解

1. 一般现在时

主动： The teacher teaches us English every day. 被动： We are taught English by the teacher every day.

🔸 翻译：老师每天教我们英语。→ 我们每天被老师教英语。 🔸 分析：teaches → are taught（主宾互换，动词 be 化）

2. 一般过去时

主动： Someone stole my bike last night. 被动： My bike was stolen by someone last night.

🔸 翻译：昨晚有人偷了我的自行车。→ 昨晚我的自行车被人偷了。 🔸 分析：stole → was stolen，last night 提示一般过去时

3. 现在完成时

主动： They have built a new bridge. 被动： A new bridge has been built by them.

🔸 翻译：他们建了一座新桥。→ 一座新桥已经被他们建好了。

4. 含情态动词

主动： We must finish the work today. 被动： The work must be finished today.

🔸 翻译：我们必须今天完成这项工作。→ 这项工作必须今天被完成。 🔸 分析：情态动词 + 动词原形 → 情态动词 + be + 过去分词

5. 双宾语动词（两个方向）

有些动词带两个宾语（直接宾语 + 间接宾语），变被动时两个宾语都可以作主语：

主动： She gave me a book.

被动方向①（人作主语）：I was given a book by her. 被动方向②（物作主语）：A book was given to me by her.

🔸 注意：give 类动词（give, send, show, tell, offer, bring）用 to 连接；buy, make, get, find 用 for 连接。 🔸 例：She bought me a dress. → I was bought a dress by her. / A dress was bought for me by her.

6. 宾补句型（谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾补）

主动： We call him Tom. 被动： He is called Tom by us.

🔸 翻译：我们叫他Tom。→ 他被我们叫Tom。 🔸 注意：感官动词和使役动词在主动句中省略 to，但变被动后要还原 to：

• 主动：We saw him enter the room.（see sb. do → 省略 to）

• 被动：He was seen to enter the room.（by us 省略）

7. 短语动词的被动

主动： We must look after the children. 被动： The children must be looked after by us.

🔸 注意：短语动词（look after）变被动，整个短语不能拆分，必须作为一个整体。

⚠️ 被动语态易错清单

📌 第二型：直接引语 → 间接引语

直接引语变间接引语，本质上是把"人说的话"用"叙述者的口吻"转述，核心规则是——人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语、方向"四游移"。

🔑 核心转换公式

引述动词 + that + [人称变化] + [时态退后] + [状语调整]

💡 人称"游移"规则

💡 记忆口诀：“一随主，二随宾，三不变”

• 谁说的"我"，引述者转述时就变成"他/她"

• 谁说的"你"，引述者转述时就变成"我"

• 提到第三方，不变

例： Tom said, “I am happy.” → Tom said that he was happy.

例： She said to me, “You are right.” → She told me that I was right.

💡 时态"退后"规则（如果引述动词是过去时）

⚠️ 不变规则：如果直接引语描述客观事实、普遍真理，或引述动词是现在时/现在完成时，时态不变。

例：The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” → The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.（普遍真理，时态不变）

💡 时间状语"游移"规则

💡 详细例句讲解

1. 陈述句（that 引导）

She said, “I am reading a book.” → She said that she was reading a book.

🔸 翻译：她说：“我在读书。” → 她说她当时在读书。

2. 一般疑问句（if / whether 引导）

He asked me, “Do you know her?” → He asked me if / whether I knew her.

🔸 翻译：他问我：“你认识她吗？” → 他问我是否认识她。 🔸 规则：一般疑问句变间接引语，用 if 或 whether 引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序。

3. 特殊疑问句（疑问词引导）

The teacher asked, “Where did you go yesterday?” → The teacher asked where I had gone the day before.

🔸 翻译：老师问：“你昨天去哪里了？” → 老师问我前一天去哪里了。 🔸 规则：保留疑问词（where/when/what/who 等），语序变为陈述语序。

4. 祈使句（to do 形式）

Mother said to me, “Don’t play with fire.” → Mother told me not to play with fire.

🔸 翻译：妈妈对我说：“不要玩火。” → 妈妈告诉不要玩火。 🔸 规则：肯定祈使句 → to do；否定祈使句 → not to do；引述动词用 tell / ask / order / command / warn 等。

肯定祈使句例： “Please help me,” he said. → He asked me to help him.

5. 选择疑问句（whether…or 引导）

He asked, “Will you go by train or by bus?” → He asked me whether I would go by train or by bus.

🔸 规则：选择疑问句用 whether…or 引导，不用 if。

6. 含情态动词的陈述句

“I can speak English,” she said. → She said that she could speak English.

🔸 注意：could/might/should/would 在间接引语中通常不变，因为它们本身已经是过去形式。

⚠️ 直接引语变间接引语易错清单

📌 第三型：肯定句 ↔ 否定句

肯定句变否定句，是初中到高中都必考的题型。核心是找准否定词的位置，以及"否定转移"现象。

🔑 核心转换规则

1. 加 not 否定谓语（最基础）

2. 部分否定与全部否定

⚠️ 易混淆：

• All that glitters is not gold.（闪闪发光的不一定都是金子。——部分否定）

• None of them came.（他们都没来。——全部否定）

3. 否定转移（肯定句变否定句的特殊情况）

某些表示"推测/相信/认为"的动词，变否定时否定意义会转移到主句，而不是从句：

I think he is right. → I don’t think he is right.（我以为他不对。）

I believe she will come. → I don’t believe she will come.（我以为她不会来。）

I suppose they know the truth. → I don’t suppose they know the truth.

🔸 类似的词：think / believe / expect / imagine / feel / suppose / guess

4. no 与 not 的区别

5. hardly / never / seldom 等半否定词

🔸 半否定词 + 肯定动词 ≠ 完全否定，但在句中语气已经很强烈。 🔸 半否定词 + 半否定词 = 完全否定：Hardly anyone came. = Almost no one came. = 几乎没人来。

6. too…to 与 not…enough to 的互换

肯定句 → 否定句：

• He is too young to go to school.（他太小了不能上学。） → He is not old enough to go to school.（他不够大到可以上学。）

否定句 → 肯定句：

• She cannot speak French.（她不会说法语。） → She is unable to speak French.（她无法语说法语。）

7. 复合句中的否定转移

📌 第四型：陈述句 ↔ 疑问句

疑问句分为三类：一般疑问句（Yes/No问）、特殊疑问句（疑问词问）、反意疑问句（前肯后否/前否后肯）。

🔑 核心转换规则

1. 陈述句 → 一般疑问句

规则： 把 be 动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词（do/did/does/will/would/have/has/had）提前到句首，句末加问号。

2. 特殊疑问句

疑问词分类：

3. 反意疑问句

核心规则：前肯后否，前否后肯。

规则一：基本规则

规则二：祈使句后的反意疑问

规则三：含否定词的陈述句

I have no money, do I?（前否后肯） Nothing is impossible, is it?（前否后肯）

规则四：must/have to 的反意疑问

规则五：I think/believe 等后的反意疑问

I think she is right, isn’t she?（注意：反意疑问针对的是宾语从句，不是主句） I don’t think he knows, does he?（前否后肯，且否定前移了）

4. 复合句的反意疑问

规则：反意疑问针对主句的谓语部分。

What he said is true, isn’t it?（主句的主语是 What，指代一件事） That is the man who helped me, isn’t he?（主句 is the man，从句 who helped me 是定语从句）

📌 第五型：简单句 ↔ 复合句

把两个简单句合并成一个复合句，或把一个复合句拆分成简单句，是句型转换的高阶题型。

🔑 核心转换方式

1. 用并列连词合并（简单句 → 复合句）

例： He is tall. He is not strong. → He is tall but not strong.

例： Study hard. You will fail. → Study hard, or you will fail.（用 or 表示"否则"）

2. 用从属连词合并（简单句 → 复合句）

例： He didn’t go to school. He was ill. → He didn’t go to school because he was ill.

例： It was raining. We still went out. → Although it was raining, we still went out.

3. 定语从句合并

规则：找两个句子中指代同一事物/人的名词→ 用关系代词连接。

例： The girl is my sister. She is wearing a red dress. → The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.

例： This is the school. I studied there. → This is the school where I studied.

4. 名词性从句合并

规则：把一个陈述句变为 that 引导的从句，充当主语/宾语/表语。

例： He is honest. Everyone knows it. → Everyone knows that he is honest.

例： The earth moves around the sun. It is known. → That the earth moves around the sun is known.

5. 状语从句合并

例： I got up early. I caught the first bus. → I got up early so that I caught the first bus. → I got up early in order to catch the first bus. → So that I could catch the first bus, I got up early.

6. 复合句 → 简单句（使用非谓语动词）

把含 because / although / if / when 等从句的复合句，转换为简单句：

🔸 转换技巧：

• because + 主语 + was/were → Being + …（主动/进行）

• because + 主语 + 动词 → Having + 过去分词（被动/完成）

• so…that… → enough to do / too…to…

• If + 主语 + will/would → 祈使句 + and/or + 含 will 的句子

📌 第六型：特殊句型转换

🔑 1. There be 句型

基本结构

There is / are + 主语 + 地点/时间状语

与 have 的区别

转换规则

There be → It is…（强调具体事物）：

There is a beautiful park in our city. → It is a beautiful park in our city.（it 强调地点） → The park in our city is beautiful.（名词提前）

There be 的时态变化：

There be 复合句：

There are many people who like music. → Many people who like music are there.（不常用） → Those who like music are many.（用 those 替代）

🔑 2. It 句型转换

it 作形式主语

To learn English is important. → It is important to learn English. → It is important that we learn English.

🔸 翻译：学英语很重要。

it 作形式宾语

I find it difficult to learn English. → I find that it is difficult to learn English.

🔸 翻译：我发现学英语很难。

it 表时间/距离/天气

Three years have passed since we met. → It is three years since we met.（It is + 时间段 + since…） → It has been three years since we met.

🔸 翻译：我们见面已经三年了。

🔑 3. 感叹句 ↔ 陈述句

what 感叹句

What a beautiful flower (it is)! → It is a beautiful flower. → The flower is beautiful.

🔸 公式：What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + (it is)! = 主语 + be + 形容词 + (名词)!

how 感叹句

How hard he works! → He works hard.

🔸 公式：How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!

转换练习

🔑 4. 虚拟语气句型转换

if 条件句 → 含蓄虚拟

If I had time, I would help you. → With time, I would help you.（含蓄虚拟，用 with） → If I had time, I would help you. = I would help you if I had time.（语序调整）

🔸 公式：

• 与现在相反：if + 主语 + were/did → would/could/might + do

• 与过去相反：if + 主语 + had done → would/could/might + have done

• 与将来相反：if + 主语 + were to do / should do → would/could/might + do

省略 if 的倒装句

If I were you, I would take the job. → Were I you, I would take the job.（were 提前，省略 if）

If I had studied harder, I would have passed. → Had I studied harder, I would have passed.（had 提前）

If it should rain, we would stay home. → Should it rain, we would stay home.（should 提前）

动词后的虚拟（should）+ do

He suggested that we (should) go early. → He suggested going early.（动名词形式，should 省略）

🔸 接 (should) + 动词原形 的动词： suggest, demand, insist, require, request, order, recommend, advise

🔸 口诀：“一坚持（insist）二命令（order, command）三建议（suggest, advise, recommend）四要求（require, demand, request）”

🔑 5. 倒装句转换

部分倒装 → 陈述语序

完全倒装 → 主谓正常语序

🔸 完全倒装的条件：地点副词（here/there/in/out/up）放句首 + 主语是名词（不是代词）→ 主谓完全倒置。 🔸 如果主语是代词，不倒装：Here it comes.（不说 Comes it here.）

📝 综合练习（20题·含答案）

学完全部六大类型，来检验一下学习成果吧！

【第一型·主动句变被动句】

1. The teacher praised Tom for his hard work. → ________________________________________

2. Someone is using the computer now. → ________________________________________

3. We should finish the task before 6 pm. → ________________________________________

【第二型·直接引语变间接引语】

4. “I will come tomorrow,” she said. → She said ________________________________________

5. He asked, “Where did you buy this book?” → He asked ________________________________________

6. “Don’t be late again!” the boss said to him. → The boss told him ________________________________________

【第三型·肯定句变否定句】

7. Both of them are clever. → ________________________________________（改为全部否定）

8. I think he is right. → I ________________________________________ right.（否定转移）

【第四型·陈述句变疑问句】

9. She likes playing the piano. → ________________________________________?（一般疑问句）

10. He has lived here since 2020. → ________________________________________?（对划线部分提问）

【第五型·简单句合并为复合句】

11. He was tired. He still kept walking. → He was tired, ________________________________________

12. She studied hard. She could pass the exam. → ________________________________________

【第六型·特殊句型】

13. The movie is so interesting. Everyone likes it. → The movie is ________________________________________

14. I have never seen such a beautiful flower. → ________________________________________ seen such a beautiful flower.（部分倒装变陈述）

15. If I were you, I would accept the offer. → ________________________________________（省略 if，用倒装）

【综合转换题】

16. The rain prevented us from going out.（改为被动句） → ________________________________________

17. “Are you coming to the party?” he asked me.（变为间接引语） → He asked me ________________________________________

18. It is necessary that every student takes the exam seriously. → Every student ________________________________________ necessary to take the exam seriously.（改为真实语气）

19. He didn’t come because he was ill.（改为复合句，用 although） → ________________________________________

20. How beautiful the sunset is!（改为 what 感叹句） → ________________________________________

✅ 参考答案

1. Tom was praised by the teacher for his hard work.

2. The computer is being used now.（现在进行时被动：is/are + being + done）

3. The task should be finished before 6 pm.

4. She said that she would come the next/following day.

5. He asked where I had bought that book.

6. The boss told him not to be late again.

7. Neither of them is clever. / None of them is clever.

8. I don’t think he is right.

9. Does she like playing the piano?

10. How long has he lived here?

11. He was tired, yet/but he still kept walking.

12. If she studied hard, she could pass the exam. / She studied hard so that/in order that she could pass the exam.

13. interesting enough for everyone to like

14. I have never such a beautiful flower seen.（倒装还原：I have never seen such a beautiful flower.）

15. Were I you, I would accept the offer.

16. We were prevented from going out by the rain.

17. He asked me if/whether I was coming to the party.

18. Every student is considered/regarded as necessary to take…（It is necessary that… 本身就是虚拟语气用 should，但转陈述语气直接 is）

19. Although he was ill, he didn’t come.

20. What a beautiful sunset (it is)! / What beautiful scenery!

🏆 句型转换核心技巧总结

1. 先判断类型：主动/被动？直引/间引？肯定/否定？陈述/疑问？简单句/复合句？先读句子，判断属于哪种转换，再回忆对应规则。

2. 主宾互换 + 动词变位：主动变被动，最核心是"主语变宾语，宾语变主语，动词变成 be + 过去分词"。

3. 间引语的"四游移"：人称随引述者移动，时态退后（过去时引述动词），时间地点状语相应调整（now→then, here→there）。

4. 反意疑问"前肯后否"：牢记前肯后否、前否后肯的基本原则，祈使句后用 will you，I think 类针对宾语从句提问。

5. 合并简单句看关键词：and/but/or/so → 并列连词；because/although/if/when → 从属连词；who/which/where/when → 定语从句；that → 名词性从句。

6. 倒装还原三步法：①找句首的否定词/Only/So；②还原到正常位置；③调整 be/助动词/情态动词顺序。

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