山西中考英语第一轮复习 · 第8天

D8 任务清单

 词汇：第241~280词 ☐

 语法：被动语态（一般现在/过去） ☐

 教材：八上 U1-U2 ☐

 复习：D7错词+时态综合 ☐

一、词汇（第241~280词）

时间安排

 早上20分钟：背新词

 中午5分钟：快速过一遍

 睡前10分钟：回顾当天所有词

具体操作步骤

第一步：复习昨日词（5分钟）

 先过一遍D7整理的错词

 还不熟的单独标记，重点记

第二步：筛选新词（3分钟）

 第241~280词看一遍

 认识的打√，不认识的打×

 只重点记打×的词

第三步：记忆（12分钟）

 每个生词读3遍、写2遍

 重点记：拼写、词性、中文意思

 动词要记过去式和过去分词（被动语态用）

 名词要记可数还是不可数

第四步：检测（5分钟）

 遮住中文，看英文说中文

 遮住英文，看中文拼英文

 不会的单独抄到小卡片

今日重点词性提醒

 动词：注意过去式和过去分词

 名词：注意复数形式

 形容词：注意比较级变化

记忆小技巧

 把词放到句子里记，不要孤立背

 比如记 invented，就记 It was invented in 1876.

 同义词、反义词可以一起记

 比如 invent / discover，produce / make

具体40个词从你的中考词汇书或教材词汇表里按顺序取。

二、语法：被动语态（一般现在/过去）

1. 什么是被动语态

主动语态： 主语是动作的执行者

 People speak English all over the world.

被动语态： 主语是动作的承受者

 English is spoken all over the world.

什么时候用被动：

 不知道谁做的：The window was broken.

 不需要说谁做的：This book is written for children.

 强调动作的承受者：The bridge was built in 2020.

2. 被动语态的基本结构

核心公式：be + 过去分词

 一般现在时被动：am/is/are + 过去分词

 一般过去时被动：was/were + 过去分词

3. 一般现在时的被动语态

结构：am/is/are + 过去分词

肯定句：

 English is spoken all over the world.

 These books are written for children.

 I am given a book.

否定句：

 English isn't spoken here.

 These books aren't written for children.

一般疑问句：

 Is English spoken here?

 Are these books written for children?

特殊疑问句：

 Where is English spoken?

 When are these books written?

4. 一般过去时的被动语态

结构：was/were + 过去分词

肯定句：

 The bridge was built in 2020.

 These houses were built last year.

 I was given a book yesterday.

否定句：

 The bridge wasn't built in 2020.

 These houses weren't built last year.

一般疑问句：

 Was the bridge built in 2020?

 Were these houses built last year?

特殊疑问句：

 When was the bridge built?

 Where were these houses built?

5. 主动变被动的方法

三步法：

1. 把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语

2. 把主动句的谓语变成 be + 过去分词

3. 把主动句的主语变成 by + 宾语（可省略）

例句：

 主动：People speak English.

 被动：English is spoken by people.

 主动：Tom broke the window.

 被动：The window was broken by Tom.

 主动：They built the bridge in 2020.

 被动：The bridge was built in 2020.

6. 各种时态的被动语态（先记两个）

 一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词

 一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词

 一般将来时：will be + 过去分词（D9学）

 现在完成时：have/has been + 过去分词（D9学）

 情态动词：情态动词 + be + 过去分词（D10学）

7. 常见易错点

 错：English is speak all over the world.

 对：English is spoken all over the world.

 错：The window was broke by Tom.

 对：The window was broken by Tom.

 错：These books are write for children.

 对：These books are written for children.

 错：The bridge was build in 2020.

 对：The bridge was built in 2020.

注意： be动词后一定用过去分词，不是过去式。

8. 常见不规则动词过去分词

 speak → spoke → spoken

 break → broke → broken

 write → wrote → written

 build → built → built

 give → gave → given

 take → took → taken

 make → made → made

 see → saw → seen

 do → did → done

 eat → ate → eaten

 drink → drank → drunk

 know → knew → known

 grow → grew → grown

 show → showed → shown

 teach → taught → taught

三、教材：八上 U1-U2

任务清单

1. 快速通读 U1-U2 课文，每篇读2遍

2. 划出所有被动语态的句子

3. 圈出不认识的词，抄到生词本

4. 重点看以下内容

重点语法点

 一般现在时被动语态

 一般过去时被动语态

 主动变被动的方法

 by + 动作执行者的用法

重点句型

 English is spoken all over the world.

 The book was written by Mark Twain.

 When was it invented?

 It was invented in 1876.

 Who was it invented by?

 It was invented by Edison.

四、今日练习

一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空

1. English ______ (speak) all over the world.

2. The window ______ (break) by Tom yesterday.

3. These books ______ (write) for children.

4. The bridge ______ (build) in 2020.

5. I ______ (give) a book yesterday.

6. Rice ______ (grow) in the south of China.

7. The homework ______ (finish) by Tom last night.

8. These cars ______ (make) in China.

9. The letter ______ (write) by Lucy yesterday.

10. Tea ______ (plant) in many countries.

二、把下列主动句改为被动句

1. People speak English all over the world.

   → English ______ ______ all over the world.

2. Tom broke the window yesterday.

   → The window ______ ______ by Tom yesterday.

3. They built the bridge in 2020.

   → The bridge ______ ______ in 2020.

4. She wrote the letter last night.

   → The letter ______ ______ by her last night.

5. We grow rice in the south.

   → Rice ______ ______ in the south.

三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空（主动或被动）

1. English ______ (speak) by many people.

2. She ______ (speak) English very well.

3. The window ______ (break) by Tom yesterday.

4. Tom ______ (break) the window yesterday.

5. The book ______ (write) by Mark Twain.

6. Mark Twain ______ (write) the book.

7. Rice ______ (grow) in the south.

8. Farmers ______ (grow) rice in the south.

四、翻译

1. 全世界都有人说英语。

2. 这扇窗户是汤姆昨天打破的。

3. 这些书是为孩子们写的。

4. 这座桥建于2020年。

5. 茶在中国许多地方种植。

6. 这封信是露西昨天写的。

五、改错（每句一处错误）

1. English is speak all over the world.

2. The window was broke by Tom.

3. These books are write for children.

4. The bridge was build in 2020.

5. Rice is grow in the south.

6. The letter was wrote by Lucy.

六、写出下列动词的过去分词

1. speak → ______

2. break → ______

3. write → ______

4. build → ______

5. give → ______

6. take → ______

7. make → ______

8. see → ______

9. do → ______

10. eat → ______

五、睡前回顾（10分钟）

 过一遍今天40个词，标出还不熟的

 默写被动语态的结构公式

 把今天错的题抄到错题本

 用3句话总结被动语态的用法

六、明日预告

D9：第281~320词 + 被动语态（一般将来/完成）+ 八上U3-U4