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直接引语与间接引语
A、 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
直接引语:
直接引用别人的原话称为直接引语，被引用的原话需要加引号，如：
He
said, “I am a student.”
间接引语: 用自己的话来转述别人说话的内容称为间接引语，间接
引语不用引号，如：He said that he was a student.
一、 不同句子类型的直接引语如何转变成间接引语
1、 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引
导（that在口语中常省略）如：
He said,“I like art very much.”
He said (that) he liked art very much.
2、 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词
whether或if引导。把疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序
（主语在谓语前面），句末用句号。主句中的谓语动词是
said时，需改为asked。没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间
接宾语（me、him或us等）如：
He said ,“Are you interested in English?”
He asked (me) whether/if I was interested in English.
如果是表示请求的一般疑问句，可以不用复合句结构，而
改用ask sb.to do sth.的复合结构，这时常把said改为
asked,原句中的动词变为to + V -原 。如：
“Would you please open the window？”
He asked me to open the window.
3、 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来
的疑问词引导，把疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序（主语
在谓语前面），句末用句号，如：
“What can I do for you?”
He asked (me) what he could do for me.
4、 直接引语如果是祈使句：4.1 表示请求的祈使句、一般疑问句转换成间接引语时，可不用
复合句结构，而改用ask sb. to do sth.的复合结构。这时，
常把said改为asked,原句中的动词改为to + V -原 ，如：
“Jack，please help me with my homework.”Mary said.
Mary asked Jack to help her with her homework.
“Would you please open the window?”She said.
She asked me to open the window.
4.2 表示命令的祈使句转变成间接引语时通常改用told/ordered
sb. (not) to do sth.的复合结构。这时，原句中的谓语动词
said、asked常改为told或ordered,如：
“Don’t smoke in the room.”he said to me.
He told me not to smoke in the room.
二、 人称的变化遵循“一主二宾三不变”的原则，如：
He said,“I have left your book in his room.”
He told me that he had left my book in his bedroom.
三、 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语改为间接引语时，
从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化：
1、 一般现在时要改为一般过去时
He said,“I am afraid I ca n ’ t finish the work.”
He said that he was afraid he could n ’ t finish the
work.
2、 现在进行时要改为过去进行时
He said,“I a m usin g the knife.”
He said he wa s usin g the knife.
3、 一般将来时要改为过去将来时
She said,“I will do it after class.”
She said that she would do it after class.
4、 一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时要改为过去完成时He said,“I came to help you.”
He said that he ha d com e to help me.
She said,“I hav e no t hear d from him since May.”
She said that she had n ’ t hear d from him since May.
He said,“I ha d finishe d my homework before supper.”
He said that he ha d finishe d his homework before
supper.
四、 从句时态不用改变的几种情况：
1、 直接引语是客观真理、名人名言或谚语时，如：
He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”Mother said to me
.
Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
2、 直接引语的谓语动词是一般现在时，如：
He says,“I am a student.”
He says he is a student.
3、 直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，如：
He said,“I joined the army in 1934.”
He said that he joined the army in 1934.
4、 直接引语有以since或when引导的表示过去时间的状语从
句，在变为间接引语时，状语从句中的一般过去时不变，
但主句的谓语动词则要改为过去完成时，如：
He said,“I hav e learn t 2000 English words since I was
13 years old.”
He said he ha d learn t 2000 English words since he was
13 years old.五、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
1、 this变为that:
She said,“I’ll finish the work this morning.”
She said she would finish the work that morning.
2、 these变为those:
He said,“These books are mine.”
He said that those books were his.
3、 now变为then:
He said,“It’s nine o’clock now.”
He said that it was nine o’clock then.
4、 today变为that day tonight变为that night:
He said,“I haven’t seen her today.”
He said that he hadn’t seen her tha t da y.
5、 yesterday变为the day before:
He said,“I went there yesterday.”
He said that he had gone there th e da y befor e.
6、 last night变为the night before
last week变为the week before
last month变为the month before
last year变为the year before:
He said,“I saw him las t nigh t.”
He said that he had seen him th e nigh t befor e.
7、 tomorrow变为the next/following day
next week/month/year变为the next/follolwing
week/month/year:
He said,“I’ll go there tomorrow.”
He said that he would go there th e next/followin g da y.8、 ago变为before:
She said,“He left 30 minutes ago.”
She told me that he had left 30 minutes before.
9、 here变为there:
He said,“My sister was here one week ago.”
He said that his sister had been there one week before.
10、 come变为go bring变为take:
She said,“I’ll come here this evening.”
She said that she would go there that evening.
如果在当地转述，here 不必改为there,动词come不必改为
go 、bring不必改为take,如果在当天转述yesterday、
tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
