ARTICLE · 1342493
2021 年英语二· Text 2 真题精讲
2021 考研英语（二）· Text 2 · 阅读精讲
英国粮食自给自足之梦
UK Food Self-sufficiency · 答案：A B B D A
长难句标注说明：谓语动词红色加粗 ／ 连词蓝色加粗 ／ 定语从句黄色荧光 ／ 宾语从句绿色荧光 ／ 状语从句橙色荧光 ／ 同位语从句紫色荧光
PART 1 · 全文翻译与长难句精析 |
第一段 |
【原文】
With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines.
In the UK, it has become a big talking point recently too, for a rather particular reason: Brexit.
【译文】
随着全球人口预计到2050年将接近100亿，且有预测称某些地区的农业产量需要几乎翻倍才能跟上步伐，粮食安全问题日益成为头条新闻。在英国，最近这也成了一个热门话题，原因相当特殊：英国脱欧。
【长难句精析】
长难句① With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines. 结构：With + 宾语（population）+ 宾补（predicted）构成伴随状语；and 并列另一宾语 forecasts，后接 that 同位语从句（紫色）解释 forecasts 内容；主句 food security is making headlines。 译文：随着全球人口预计到2050年将接近100亿，且有预测称某些地区的农业产量需要几乎翻倍才能跟上步伐，粮食安全问题日益成为头条新闻。 |
【生词短语】
predict 预测，预计hit 达到（某数量）forecast 预测，预报agricultural production 农业生产keep pace 跟上步伐food security 粮食安全make headlines 成为头条新闻talking point 热门话题Brexit 英国脱欧
第二段 |
【原文】
Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importing food.
The country produces only about 60 per cent of the food it eats, down from almost three-quarters in the late 1980s.
A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nation's health.
Sounds great—but how feasible is this vision?
【译文】
英国脱欧被一些人视为扭转英国近年来进口食品趋势的机会。该国只生产其消费食品的大约60%，比20世纪80年代末的近四分之三有所下降。回归自给自足，按照这种论点，将促进农业、政治主权甚至国家的健康。听起来很棒——但这一愿景有多可行呢？
【生词短语】
reverse 扭转，逆转trend towards …的趋势self-sufficiency 自给自足the argument goes 按照这种论点boost 促进，提振farming industry 农业political sovereignty 政治主权feasible 可行的vision 愿景
第三段 |
【原文】
According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds, UK, 85 per cent of the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairy production.
That supplies 80 per cent of whatis consumed, soeven covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn't allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.
【译文】
根据英国利兹大学一份关于英国食品生产的报告，该国85%的总土地面积与肉类和乳制品生产相关。这供应了消费量的80%，因此即使把整个国家都变成畜牧场，也无法满足我们所有的肉类和乳制品需求。
【长难句精析】
长难句② That supplies 80 per cent of whatis consumed, soeven covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn't allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs. 结构：主句 That supplies 80 per cent of...；what 引导宾语从句（绿色）作 of 的宾语；so 引导结果状语从句（橙色），从句主语为动名词短语 covering the whole country...，谓语 wouldn't allow。 译文：这供应了消费量的80%，因此即使把整个国家都变成畜牧场，也无法满足我们所有的肉类和乳制品需求。 |
【生词短语】
be associated with 与…相关meat and dairy production 肉类和乳制品生产consume 消费，消耗livestock farm 畜牧场cover 满足，覆盖
第四段 |
【原文】
There are many caveats to those figures, butthey are still grave.
To become much more self-sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods, and probably also farm more intensively — meaning fewer green fields, and more factory-style production.
【译文】
这些数字有许多附加说明，但仍然令人担忧。要变得更加自给自足，英国需要大幅减少动物食品的消费，并且可能还需要更集约化地耕种——这意味着更少的绿地，更多的工厂式生产。
【生词短语】
caveat 警告，附加说明grave 严重的，令人担忧的drastically 大幅地，彻底地consumption 消费，消耗intensively 集约地factory-style production 工厂式生产
第五段 |
【原文】
But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn't help.
There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn't have the right soil or climate to grow crops on a commercial basis.
Just 25 per cent of the country's land is suitable for crop-growing, most of whichis already occupied by arable fields.
Even ifwe converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg—whichwould involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes—we would achieve only a 30 per cent boost in crop production.
【译文】
但转向以植物为主的饮食也无济于事。英国以畜牧业为主有一个很好的理由：其大部分地形没有合适的土壤或气候来商业化种植农作物。该国只有25%的土地适合种植农作物，其中大部分已经被可耕地占用。即使我们将所有合适的土地都转成果蔬田——这将涉及清除所有自然保护区并将数千人从家中迁出——我们也只能实现农作物产量30%的增长。
【长难句精析】
长难句③ There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn't have the right soil or climate to grow crops on a commercial basis. 结构：why 引导定语从句（黄色）修饰 reason；冒号后为同位语，解释 reason 的具体内容。 译文：英国以畜牧业为主有一个很好的理由：其大部分地形没有合适的土壤或气候来商业化种植农作物。 |
长难句④ Even ifwe converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg—whichwould involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes—we would achieve only a 30 per cent boost in crop production. 结构：Even if 引导让步状语从句（橙色）；which 引导非限制性定语从句（黄色）作插入语，补充说明转换土地的后果；主句 we would achieve only a 30 per cent boost。 译文：即使我们将所有合适的土地都转成果蔬田——这将涉及清除所有自然保护区并将数千人从家中迁出——我们也只能实现农作物产量30%的增长。 |
【生词短语】
plant-based diet 以植物为主的饮食be dominated by 由…主导animal husbandry 畜牧业terrain 地形，地势on a commercial basis 商业化地suitable for 适合…的crop-growing 农作物种植occupy 占用arable field 可耕地convert 转换，改造nature reserve 自然保护区boost 提升，增长
第六段 |
【原文】
Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown, soeven with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs.
That isbeforewe look for the space to grow the grains, sugars, seeds and oils thatprovide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.
【译文】
目前英国消费的水果和蔬菜只有23%是本土种植的，因此即使采取最极端的措施，我们也只能满足30%的新鲜农产品需求。这还是在我们寻找空间种植谷物、糖类、种子和油料之前，而这些为我们提供了当前卡路里摄入的绝大部分。
【长难句精析】
长难句⑤ That isbeforewe look for the space to grow the grains, sugars, seeds and oils thatprovide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake. 结构：before 引导时间状语从句（橙色）；状语从句中嵌套 that 定语从句（黄色）修饰 grains, sugars, seeds and oils，说明这些作物提供绝大部分卡路里摄入。 译文：这还是在我们寻找空间种植谷物、糖类、种子和油料之前，而这些为我们提供了当前卡路里摄入的绝大部分。 |
【生词短语】
home-grown 本土种植的extreme measure 极端措施fresh produce 新鲜农产品grain 谷物calorie intake 卡路里摄入vast bulk 绝大部分
PART 2 · 阅读做题精讲（STEP 四步法） |
答案速览：A B B D A |
第 26 题 |
Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in the UK would _____.
A. contribute to the nation's well-beingB. become a priority of the governmentC. be hindered by its population growthD. pose a challenge to its farming industry
STEP 1 · 找定位词 定位词：food self-sufficiency / some people argue（第二段） |
STEP 2 · 找定位句 "A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nation's health." |
STEP 3 · 精读定位句 the argument goes（按照这种论点）= some people argue；would boost 三个并列宾语：farming industry（农业）、political sovereignty（政治主权）、the nation's health（国家健康）。nation's health = nation's well-being（国家福祉）。 |
STEP 4 · 匹配选项 ✓ A contribute to the nation's well-being（有助于国家福祉）——boost the nation's health = contribute to well-being✗ B 成为政府优先事项——文章未提及政府优先级✗ C 受人口增长阻碍——第二段未提及人口增长✗ D 对农业构成挑战——文章说 boost（促进）农业，不是 challenge |
第 27 题 |
The report by the University of Leeds showed that in the UK _____.
A. more green fields will be converted for farmingB. most land is used for meat and dairy productionC. farmland has been inefficiently utilizedD. factory-style production needs reforming
STEP 1 · 找定位词 定位词：report by the University of Leeds（第三段） |
STEP 2 · 找定位句 "According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds, UK, 85 per cent of the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairy production." |
STEP 3 · 精读定位句 报告核心数据：85% 的总土地面积与肉类和乳制品生产相关（is associated with）。85% = most（大部分），meat and dairy production 直接对应。 |
STEP 4 · 匹配选项 ✓ B most land is used for meat and dairy production（大部分土地用于肉类和乳制品生产）——85% + associated with = most + used for✗ A 更多绿地将被转为农田——这是第四段讨论的对策，不是报告结论✗ C 农田利用效率低下——报告未评价效率✗ D 工厂式生产需要改革——第四段提及工厂式生产但未说"需要改革" |
第 28 题 |
Crop-growing in the UK is restricted due to _____.
A. its dietary traditionB. its natural conditionsC. its commercial interestsD. its farming technology
STEP 1 · 找定位词 定位词：Crop-growing / restricted（第五段） |
STEP 2 · 找定位句 "There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn't have the right soil or climate to grow crops on a commercial basis." |
STEP 3 · 精读定位句 农作物种植受限的"good reason"：most of its terrain doesn't have the right soil or climate（大部分地形没有合适的土壤或气候）。soil（土壤）+ climate（气候）= natural conditions（自然条件）。 |
STEP 4 · 匹配选项 ✓ B its natural conditions（自然条件）——soil + climate = natural conditions✗ A 饮食传统——文章说的是地形土壤气候，不是饮食传统✗ C 商业利益——on a commercial basis 指商业化种植，不是商业利益限制✗ D 农业技术——文章未提及技术限制 |
第 29 题 |
It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people _____.
A. are trying to grow new varieties of grainsB. are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intakeC. enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumptionD. rely largely on imports for fresh produce
STEP 1 · 找定位词 定位词：last paragraph / British people（第六段） |
STEP 2 · 找定位句 "Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown, so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs." |
STEP 3 · 精读定位句 关键数据：水果蔬菜仅 23% 本土种植（home-grown），即使极端措施也只能满足 30% 的 fresh produce（新鲜农产品）需求。剩余 70%+ 只能靠进口，即"largely rely on imports"。 |
STEP 4 · 匹配选项 ✓ D rely largely on imports for fresh produce（新鲜农产品 largely 依赖进口）——仅 23% home-grown + 极端措施也只 30% = 大部分靠进口✗ A 尝试种植新品种谷物——文章未提及新品种✗ B 寻求减少卡路里摄入的方法——文章提到 calorie intake 但未说"寻求减少"✗ C 水果消费稳定增长——文章未提及消费增长趋势 |
第 30 题（态度题） |
The author's attitude to food self-sufficiency in the UK is _____.
A. doubtfulB. tolerantC. optimisticD. defensive
STEP 1 · 找定位词 态度题，需梳理全文论证脉络：① 第二段设问"how feasible is this vision?"（这愿景可行吗？）→ ② 第三段数据：85% 土地用于畜牧仍不够 → ③ 第四段：需大幅减少动物食品 + 集约化耕种（代价大）→ ④ 第五段：转植物饮食也不行（地形不适合，极端措施只增30%）→ ⑤ 第六段：新鲜农产品仅23%自产，极端措施也只满足30%。 |
STEP 2 · 找定位句 "Sounds great—but how feasible is this vision?"（第二段末句，全文论证总纲）+ 后续四段全部在论证"不可行"。 |
STEP 3 · 精读定位句 作者先肯定愿景"听起来很棒"（Sounds great），紧接着用 but 转折质疑可行性（how feasible），然后用大量数据和论证层层推翻自给自足的可能性。通篇态度 = 对可行性持怀疑、质疑。 |
STEP 4 · 匹配选项 ✓ A doubtful（怀疑的）——"how feasible is this vision?" + 全文论证不可行 = 怀疑态度✗ B tolerant（宽容的）——作者不是宽容接受，而是在质疑✗ C optimistic（乐观的）——与文章论证方向完全相反✗ D defensive（辩护的）——作者不是在为自给自足辩护，而是在质疑它 |
