夜雨聆风
Most of us have experienced both how good it can feel and how hard it can be to do the right thing. Helping strangers can leave you with a deep sense of satisfaction, but you've likely also felt the stress of showing up for others when you're already stretched thin. These ordinary moments speak to a philosophical puzzle: Are moral people happier?(35)__Others might reason that moral behavior often requires self-sacrifice.
(36)__Past studies clearly show that people feel good when they perform acts of kindness for others. But researchers had not directly
examined if moral character, broadly speaking, is linked to well-being. So my team conducted a set of studies to take this challenge seriously. In one of our studies, undergraduate students reported on their own well-being, rating their happiness as well as their sense of how meaningful their life is.(37)__Then these close others, such as friends and family members, rated the participant's moral character using our questionnaire(调查问卷)，which asked how much that person had the various characteristics identified as most morally relevant.(38)__
Doing the right thing isn't always easy.(39)__But our findings indicate that, in general, there's no trade-off between morality and well-being. Instead, people with stronger moral character tend to experience greater meaning in life and
happiness. This suggests that moments of moral effort may be part of a life that, taken as a whole, feels more satisfying.
A. Until recently, scientific evidence had been limited to one aspect of morality kindness.
B. Despite various debates, there's no agreement on what it means to be morally good.
C. Standing up for someone who is being treated unfairly can feel uncomfortable.
D. Some might assume morality and happiness naturally go together.
E. They also gave us contact information for people who know them.
F. We found that those rated as more moral reported a stronger sense of well-being.
G. This might be in part because of the difficulties of defining and measuring kindness.
Key:DAEFC
核心观点：
尽管坚守道义偶尔要吃苦、做出牺牲，但拥有良好的道德品性，长远来看会让人更幸福，人生更有价值。
逻辑层次:
围绕一个哲学问题——品德高尚的人是否更幸福展开论述：
1. 长久以来存在两种对立看法：一部分人认为道德与幸福相伴相生，另一部分人觉得坚守道德往往需要自我牺牲，会降低幸福感；
2. 过往研究只证实了单次行善能带来愉悦，但并未全面研究一个人的整体道德品质和长期幸福感、人生意义的关联；
3. 作者团队开展对照实验：受试者自评幸福感，再由亲友客观评价其道德水平；
4. 最终结论：道德和幸福感并不需要二选一。总体来看，道德品格更强的人，整体幸福感更强，人生更有意义；即便践行道德的过程会有煎熬、付出，从整个人生维度来说，依然会收获更高的满足感。
选项分析:
35. D
首段抛出核心问题：Are moral people happier?（有道德的人更幸福吗？）随后给出回答：Others might reason that moral behavior often requires self-sacrifice.结构 Some … Others … 是经典代词对比句式：
(Some might assume morality and happiness naturally go together.有些人可能认为道德和幸福自然相伴。Others：另一些人觉得道德意味着自我牺牲。)前后构成两种对立猜想，完美衔接。
36. A
后文：Past studies clearly show that people feel good when they perform acts of kindness for others.(过去的研究清楚地表明，人们在为他人做好事时感觉良好。)以现在时的时态评论肯定了过去的研究内容，紧随其后转折 But researchers had not directly examined if moral character, broadly speaking, is linked to well-being.
(过去研究只证明“行善会让人开心”，但没有大范围研究整体道德品质和幸福感的关系。)，指出其局限性。
A项(Until recently, scientific evidence had been limited to one aspect of morality — kindness.直到最近，科研证据仅局限于道德的一个维度：善意。）以论点的形式置于段首，总结旧研究的单一性，自然引出作者团队(my team;our studies)新研究，构成逻辑闭环。
37. E
前句：undergraduate students reported on their own well-being,... (大学生汇报自身幸福感,)
后句：Then these close others, rated the participant's moral character, …
其中these close others （这些亲近的其他人），是谁? (people who know them/ such as friends and family members熟悉他们的人/比如家人和朋友), 从哪里来? 暗示前文必须有交代(E：They also gave us contact information 他们还给了我们熟识之人的联系方式 ) 。代词的链接一气呵成( undergraduate students/ they/the participant's ) 衔接顺畅，不容忽视。
38. F
本段结构：点评过去研究理论 → 介绍研究过程 → 给出研究结论。前文完整描述了两步实验：1. 学生自评幸福；2. 亲友评价其道德水准。位于段尾的F(We found that those rated as more moral reported a stronger sense of well-being.我们发现：被评价道德水平更高的人，幸福感更强。)承接实验流程，得出结论，开启下文。代词 we也完整呼应上段中的研究团队(my team;our studies)。
39. C
前句(Doing the right thing isn't always easy.做正确的事并不轻松）涉及到的是morality层面; 后句(But our findings indicate that, in general, there's no trade-off between morality and well-being.但我们的研究表明：总体来看，道德和幸福感并不冲突）谈的是 (between morality and well-being )。故此，中间过渡的选项既要接住前句，还要补充后句所缺的( well-being ) 层面，C项(Standing up for someone /do the right thing... ... feel uncomfortable./well-being为遭受不公的人挺身而出可能很煎熬。)完成了对前句从理论到实践的阐述，举例印证“做好事很难”，再用 But 转折给出最终研究结论。
剩余选项排除
B：Despite various debates, there's no agreement on what it means to be morally good. (尽管有各种各样的争论，但对于道德善良的含义并没有达成一致。) 全文没有讨论道德好人 (morally good )的定义，焦点也不是(agreement) ，无关。
G: (This might be in part because of the difficulties of defining and measuring kindness. 这可能部分是因为很难定义和衡量善良。 ) 39 容易误选G，但与后面谈到的 (morality and well-being)没有补漏，不相符，排除。
补充注释:
1. stand up for 支持；维护；为……挺身而出
2. be stretched thin 分身乏术；不堪重负
3. philosophical /ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl/
adj. 哲学的；哲学层面的；达观的
4. reason v. 推理，推论，理性地认为 n. 原因
5. rate v.评价；打分；评级 n. 比率，速度
6. trade-off /ˈtreɪd ɒf/ n. 取舍，权衡，此消彼长
7. show up for sb陪伴某人；施以援手
8. in part 部分地；在某种程度上
9. take... as a whole 从整体上来看；综合来看
10.Then these close others, such as friends and family members, rated the participant's moral character using our questionnaire(调查问卷)，which asked how much that person had the various characteristics identified as most morally relevant.
句意:随后，这些亲近之人，比如受试者的朋友和家人，借助我们的问卷，对受试者的道德品性进行打分。这份问卷会评估受试者身上各类公认与道德高度相关的特质分别具备多少。
结构:
1.主句：
Then these close others rated the participant's moral character
主语：these close others
状语：Then
谓语：rated
宾语：the participant's moral character
方式状语：using our questionnaire（现在分词作方式状语)用问卷来打分
2.从句
定语从句1：
, such as friends and family members,
插入语，举例解释 close others
定语从句2: 非限制性定语从句，修饰(questionnaire）：
which asked how much that person had the various characteristics identified as most morally relevant.
1. which：关系代词，指代 questionnaire，在从句中作主语
2. asked：从句谓语
3. how much that person had the various characteristics：宾语从句，作asked的宾语
how much多少; 多大程度上
4. identified as most morally relevant：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰characteristics，相当于
characteristics (that were) identified as most morally relevant 被认定和道德最相关的品质
11.This suggests that moments of moral effort may be part of a life that, taken as a whole, feels more satisfying.
句意:这表明：那些坚守道义、做出努力的时刻，放眼整个人生，可能是构成更高幸福感的一部分。
结构:
1. 主句
This suggests that...
主语：This
谓语：suggests(:show/indicate)表明;表示，
此时不接虚拟语气
宾语:that 引导宾语从句
2. 宾语从句
that moments of moral effort may be part of a life that, taken as a whole, feels more satisfying
主语：moments of moral effort
谓语：may be
表语：part of a life
3. 定语从句（修饰先行词 a life）
that, taken as a whole, feels more satisfying
关系代词 that：指代 life，在从句中作主语
插入状语： taken as a whole 过去分词短语，相当于 when it is taken as a whole，“从整体来看”，前后逗号隔开，作插入语
从句谓语：feels
表语：more satisfying