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2024 年中考英语新课标话题综合突破
07-人与自然(一)----自然生态、环境保护与灾害防范(A卷)
本系列按照新课标主题内容要求的三大范畴—“人与自我”、“人与社会”“人与自然”8大主题群精选全
国各地2024年最新模拟试题。
每个主题群有A、B两套练习。A套难度适中；B套难度相对较高。
每套练习包括完形填空(2篇)、阅读理解(4篇)、任务型阅读(1篇)、短文填空(2篇)、书面表达(2篇)。
一、完形填空
A
(2024·安徽阜阳·一模)
What difference does global warming (全球变暖) make to people’s lives? Many people may not know how to
1 the question because they don’t see any direct changes in climate. They mostly live indoors in a city, and
their climates are in 2 there. If it rains, they stay inside. If it’s too cold or too hot, they try to change the
3 of the room.
However, for farmers and those living closer to the land, the relation between global warming and them is
4 . Although they’re not sure if the changes in weather, bad or good, they can say over time that things are
5 to seem different. They notice that flowers and other plants are growing earlier in northern parts of the
world. This causes them to change planting 6 for plants. At the same time, farmers will 7 more
natural disasters in the United States, Russia and many other places.
The worst thing about global warming is probably that 8 the warming happens, it makes further
warming faster. The high temperature is 9 for the natural environment of many places, such as the Arctic.
No matter where we live, we must know about global warming and 10 to fight it. If we don’t do this, the
future of our planet will be ín danger.
1．A．agree B．answer C．explain D．mention
2．A．risk B．use C．control D．study
3．A．experience B．situation C．temperature D．condition
4．A．stronger B．poorer C．newer D．better
5．A．deciding B．preparing C．expecting D．beginning
6．A．times B．places C．facts D．races
7．A．accept B．believe C．face D．show
8．A．if B．as C．although D．until
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9．A．difficult B．bad C．normal D．good
10．A．bring up B．bring out C．take turns D．take action
【答案】1-5 B C C A D 6-10 A C B B D
【解析】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了全球变暖对人们生活和世界的影响。
【小题1】句意：许多人可能不知道如何回答这个问题，因为他们没有看到气候的任何直接变化。
agree同意；answer回答；explain解释；mention提及。根据“the question”可知，是指回答上面的问题。故
选B。
【小题2】句意：他们大多生活在城市的室内，那里的气候是可控的。
risk风险；use使用；control控制；study学习。根据“If it rains, they stay inside. If it’s too cold or too hot, they
try to change ”可知，室内的气候是可以控制的。故选C。
【小题3】句意：如果太冷或太热，他们就会试着改变房间的温度。
experience经历；situation情况；temperature温度；condition状况。根据“If it’s too cold or too hot”可知，冷
热和温度有关。故选C。
【小题4】句意：然而，对于农民和那些离土地更近的人来说，全球变暖与他们之间的关系更强。
stronger更强；poorer更贫穷；newer更新；better更好。根据“the relation”可知，对于农民和那些离土地更
近的人来说，全球变暖与他们之间的关系更强。故选A。
【小题5】句意：虽然他们不确定天气的变化，无论好坏，是否与气候变化有关，但他们可以说，随着时间
的推移，情况开始有所不同。
deciding决定；preparing准备；expecting期待；beginning开始。根据“they can say over time that things
are...to seem different.”可知，随着时间的推移，情况开始有所不同，beginning符合语境。故选D。
【小题6】句意：这导致他们改变了植物的种植时间。
times时间；places地方；facts事实；races种族。根据前文“They notice that flowers and other plants are
growing earlier in northern parts of the world.”可知，他们注意到花和其它植物在北方种植更早，所以，这就会
导致他们改变种植“时间”。故选A。
【小题7】句意：与此同时，美国、俄罗斯和许多其他地方的农民将面临更多的自然灾害。
accept接受；believe相信；face面对；show展示。根据“more natural disasters in the United States, Russia and
many other places.”可知，是指面临更多的自然灾害。故选C。
【小题8】句意：全球变暖最糟糕的事情可能是，随着变暖的发生，它会使进一步变暖的速度更快。
if如果；as随着；although尽管；until直到。根据“the warming happens, it makes further warming faster. ”可
知，随着变暖的发生，它使进一步变暖的速度更快，应用as引导时间状语从句，故选B。
【小题9】句意：高温对许多地方的自然环境是有害的，比如北极。
difficult困难的；bad坏的；normal正常的；good好的。根据“The high temperature”可知，高温对许多地方
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的自然环境有害，故选B。
【小题10】句意：无论我们生活在哪里，我们都必须了解全球变暖，并采取行动与之抗争。
bring up抚养；bring out使显现出；take turns轮流；take action采取行动。根据“fight it”可知，抗争需要采
取行动，故选D。
B
(2024·河南许昌·三模)
Ever since “Mother Nature” gave me life, I expected to grow tall and big.
As a young 1 , I was well protected in the forest. I used to 2 a good time with my friends
under the blue sky and 3 the river. Our only purpose was to stand high. My pal, Tim often said, “All I ask
for is to be 4 the whole day.”
365 days passed and we grew straight. On that day, it was our 5 birthday, people came, moved us
from the 6 and put us on their trucks. “I don’t want to go!” Tim cried.
After a long journey, we arrived in a completely different place with 7 green. Here we were planted
in a line. 8 the wind blew strongly, I could not even open my eyes to see Tim 9 beside me. So
we needed enough 1 0 to grow thicker and higher to stop the wind.
As time went by, we finally 1 1 much stronger. I could keep my eyes open in the wind! I even found
the blue sky was back!
This was no longer a no-man’s-land, and hundreds of visitors came here. A man took a picture of us with his
1 2 . “Thank you. We can enjoy clear days 1 3 worrying about sand storms.” A young girl jumping
up and down came over and 1 4 me. “Thank you,” she said. “It’s you that have turned the desert into a
green land!”
Tim and I smiled at each other, feeling 1 5 . The sun was shining brightly in the bluer sky.
1．A．tree B．fish C．girl D．boy
2．A．choose B．forget C．have D．miss
3．A．in B．along C．under D．on
4．A．smart B．happy C．busy D．thin
5．A．first B．second C．third D．fourth
6．A．beach B．lake C．house D．earth
7．A．all B．nothing C．anything D．everything
8．A．Though B．Unless C．Because D．Until
9．A．clearly B．greatly C．kindly D．widely
10．A．desert B．wind C．sand D．water
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11．A．became B．smelt C．sounded D．remained
12．A．radio B．keyboard C．backpack D．camera
13．A．from B．about C．without D．of
14．A．asked B．hugged C．invited D．kicked
15．A．tired B．bored C．proud D．surprised
【答案】1-5 A C B B A 6-10 D B C A D 11-15 A D C B C
【解析】本文是一棵树的自述，讲述了自己在恶劣环境里坚韧不拔，最终变得强大，改善人类的生活环境。
【小题1】句意：作为一棵小树，我在森林里受到很好的保护。
tree树；fish鱼；girl女孩；boy男孩。根据“I was well protected in the forest”可知，这是一棵树的自述。故
选A。
【小题2】句意：我过去常常和朋友在蓝天下和河边玩得很开心。
choose选择；forget忘记；have有；miss想念。have a good time意为“玩得开心”，固定词组。故选C。
【小题3】句意：我过去常常和朋友在蓝天下和河边玩得很开心。
in在……里面；along沿着；under在……下面；on在……上面。根据“the river”可知，此处指的是“河边”。
故选B。
【小题4】句意：我所要求的就是开心一整天。
smart聪明的；happy开心的；busy忙碌的；thin瘦的。根据“All I ask for is to be…the whole day.”可知，此
处指的是“开心”。故选B。
【小题5】句意：那一天，是我们的第一个生日，人们来了，把我们从泥土里挖走，放在他们的卡车上。
first第一；second第二；third第三；fourth第四。根据“365 days passed and we grew straight.”可知，小树一
岁了。故选A。
【小题6】句意：那一天，是我们的第一个生日，人们来了，把我们从泥土里挖走，放在他们的卡车上。
beach沙滩；lake湖；house房子；earth地球，泥土。根据“put us on their trucks”可知，人们把树从泥土里
挖走。故选D。
【小题7】句意：经过长途旅行，我们到达了一个完全不同的地方，没有任何绿色的东西。
all所有；nothing什么都没有；anything任何事；everything每件事。根据“ After a long journey, we arrived in
a completely different place”可知，这是一个没有任何绿色的地方。故选B。
【小题8】句意：因为风刮得很大，我甚至无法睁开眼睛看清身旁的蒂姆。
Though虽然；Unless除非；Because因为；Until直到。根据“the wind blew strongly”可知，此处说的是睁不
开眼睛的原因。故选C。
【小题9】句意：因为风刮得很大，我甚至无法睁开眼睛看清身旁的蒂姆。
clearly清晰地；greatly极大地；kindly善良地；widely宽阔地。根据“I could not even open my eyes to see
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Tim…beside me.”可知，此处指的是“不能清晰地看清蒂姆”。故选A。
【小题10】句意：所以我们需要足够的水来长得更厚更高来挡风。
desert沙漠；wind风；sand沙地；water水。根据“to grow thicker and higher to stop the wind.”可知，此处表
示的是“需要足够的水”。故选D。
【小题11】句意：随着时间的推移，我们终于变得更加强大。
became变为；smelt闻；sounded听；remained保留。根据“we finally…much stronger”可知，小树们变得强
大了。故选A。
【小题12】句意：一个人用他的相机给我们拍了一张照片。
radio收音机；keyboard钥匙；backpack背包；camera相机。根据“A man took a picture of us”可知，此处指
的是用相机拍照。故选D。
【小题13】句意：我们可以享受晴朗的天气而不用担心沙尘暴。
from来自；about关于；without没有；of……的。根据“We can enjoy clear days”可知，此处指的是“不用担
心沙尘暴”。故选C。
【小题14】句意：一个上蹿下跳的年轻女孩走过来抱住了我。
asked问；hugged抱；invited邀请；kicked踢。根据“Thank you”可知，这个小女孩因为感激抱住了它。故
选B。
【小题15】句意：蒂姆和我相视一笑，感到很自豪。
tired疲惫的；bored无聊的；proud自豪的；surprised惊喜的。根据“It’s you that have turned the desert into a
green land!”可知，因为人们的夸赞而感到自豪。故选C。
二、阅读理解
A
(2024·湖南常德·一模)
Green Energy for Today and Tomorrow
Did you know that most of the energy we use comes from the sun? For example, the sun helps plants to grow.
Plants that grew millions of years ago turned into coal, oil, and natural gas (天然气). We call these fossil fuels (化石
燃料).
However, fossil fuels make pollution. This is bad for the Earth. Fossil fuels are also nonrenewable (不可再生
的). Some day they will be gone. So, scientists want people to use green energy. Why is green energy important?
First, it is clean. It doesn’t hurt the Earth. Next, it is renewable. It won’t run out. Green energy gives us almost 25%
of the electricity we use today.
What are the main sources (来源) of green energy?
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1 Water Power
Water power uses moving water in rivers and dams (堤坝). Moving water has energy. Water power makes
16.6% of the electricity we use.
2 Wind Power
Is wind power new? No, it isn’t. People used wind power many years ago. Wind power makes 4% of the
electricity we use.
3 Solar Power
Solar power comes from sunlight. The sun shines on solar panels (太阳能板), and electricity is made. Solar
power is now as cheap as some fossil fuels. It makes 15% of the electricity we use.
4 Biomass (生物质能)
Biomass is energy that we get from plants around us. For example, deadwood or grass is burned in power
stations. This makes electricity. Biomass is green energy because we plant new trees or crops (庄稼) after we use it.
Biomass makes 2% of the electricity we use.
5 New Green Energy
Ocean rises and falls each day. This moving water can make electricity. We call it tide power. There is also
heat under the Earth’s surface. Scientists can use this heat for energy, which is called heat power. We may find other
sources of green energy in the future.
Some day, green energy could make 100% of the electricity we use. That’s good news for the Earth!
1．Why do scientists suggest using green energy?
A．Because it is as cheap as fossil fuels.
B．Because it is clean and won’t be used up.
C．Because it is the main source of electricity now.
2．Where can we get biomass?
A．From natural gas. B．From new trees. C．From dead plants.
3．How many kinds of green energy are mentioned in the passage
A．4. B．6. C．7.
【答案】BCB
【解析】本文主要介绍了过去和现在使用的能源，并详细说明了绿色能源。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据“So, scientists want people to use green energy. Why is green energy important?
First, it is clean. It doesn’t hurt the Earth. Next, it is renewable. It won’t run out.”可知，绿色能源是很干净的，也
是可再生的。故选B。
【小题2】细节理解题。根据“Biomass is energy that we get from plants around us. For example, deadwood or
grass is burned in power stations. This makes electricity. Biomass is green energy because we plant new trees or
crops (庄稼) after we use it.”可知，可以从枯死植物中获得生物质能。故选C
【小题3】细节理解题。根据“Water Power...Wind Power...Solar Power... Biomass...We call it tide power...which
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is called heat power.”可知，文中共介绍了6种绿色能源。故选B。
B
(2024·广东广州·一模)
My friend helped me celebrate my 31st birthday in a basement (地下室), where I lived. Then, I finally
climbed into bed at 1:20 in the morning.
Earlier in the day, I was preparing for the possible flood. We were living near the Ahr River. It went on raining
heavily that week and the government sent out a flood warning, although it was not for where I was. However, I put
sand bags on the floor outside my garden door. “Silly brother!” My friends laughed at me for doing that. But I
thought, why take a chance?
As I was sleeping, I was woken by the sound of rushing water. It sounded like lying beside a waterfall. When I
got off the bed, I was shocked that cold water was rising fast. In darkness, I picked up my cellphone and turned on
the flashlight. When I got out of the bedroom, I saw water shooting through the bottom of the door.
I began to feel afraid. I knew I had to get out-fast! Without shoes, I started to make my way to the only escape:
the door that led upstairs to the main floor. Finally I made it to the door and tried several times to pull it open even
just a little bit, but the rushing water shut it again. I looked around for anything I could use to keep it open. There
was a stick in the corner. I took it and, once again, opened the door, throwing it between the door and the frame (门
框) to keep the door open. Finally, I managed to go through and make it into the living room.
I jumped onto the stairs and ran outside. I stood there in the darkness, wet through. The street was once lovely
full of people and cars, but now it was like a water pool with floating things. The river had drowned the
neighbourhood!
I couldn’t help thinking: What would happen if I hadn’t done any preparations? I might have lost my life!
Never take a chance and always be prepared!
1．Why did the writer’s friends laugh at him?
A．Because he lived in a basement. B．Because he prepared for the flood.
C．Because he was afraid of the heavy rain.D．Because he was warned by the government.
2．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4?
A．The door. B．The corner. C．The stick. D．The frame.
3．Which shows the correct steps of how the author saved himself?
a. I got to the door but failed to open it.
b. I found the street was like a water pool.
c. I learned about the government’s warning.
d. I woke up and found there was a flood.
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e. I managed to go to the living room with a stick.
A．d-c-b-a-e B．d-c-e-b-a C．c-d-a-b-e D．c-d-a-e-b
4．What can we infer from the 5th paragraph?
A．The sun came out after the flood. B．The writer felt sad and shocked.
C．Nobody was alive except the writer. D．People and cars were floating in a water pool.
【答案】BCDB
【解析】本文主要讲述了作者的一次脱险经历。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据“Earlier in the day, I was preparing for the possible flood.”和“However, I put sand
bags on the floor outside my garden door. ‘Silly brother!’ My friends laughed at me for doing that. but I thought, why
take a chance?”可知，因为作者为洪水做了准备，所以朋友们嘲笑他。故选B。
【小题2】代词指代题。根据“There was a stick in the corner. I took it and, once again, opened the door,
throwing it between the door and the frame (门框) to keep the door open.”可知，角落里有一根棍子。我拿起它，
再一次打开了门，把它扔在门和门框之间，让门一直开着。此处It指的是“棍子”，故选C。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据“It went on raining heavily that week and the government sent out a flood
warning”，“As I was sleeping, I was woken by the sound of rushing water.”，“Finally I made it to the door and
tried several times to pull it open even just a little bit, but the rushing water shut it again.”，“There was a stick in
the corner. I took it and, once again, opened the door, throwing it between the door and the frame (门框) to keep the
door open. Finally, I managed to go through and make it into the living room.”和“The street was once lovely full of
people and cars, but now it was like a water pool with floating things. The river had drowned the neighbourhood!”可
知，正确的顺序是c-d-a-e-b，故选D。
【小题4】推理判断题。根据“I jumped onto the stairs and ran outside. I stood there in the darkness, wet through.
The street was once lovely full of people and cars, but now it was like a water pool with floating things. The river
had drowned the neighbourhood!”可知，作者浑身湿透，站在黑暗中，看到曾经充满了可爱的人和汽车的街道
被洪水淹没，所以作者应该是伤心且震惊的，故选B。
C
(2024·宁夏银川·一模)
People often think of the North Pole (北极) and the South Pole as similar frozen (冰冻的) wastelands. They
are both places with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However, the North and South Poles are not
much alike as people may imagine.
The North Pole has no land, only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32°F, at which water turns into ice.
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Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30°F.
Although conditions were very poor, people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole. About 100 years
ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and
difficulties. They reached the North Pole on March 8th, 1909. It was really a hard trip for them.
There are few things more dangerous than crossing the Arctic (北极圈) on foot. People who stayed there may
face many problems: very cold temperatures, sudden storms, and even hunger. Most of the area is uninhabited. Few
people can live in such a difficult place.
People might think that with such low temperatures for most of the year, the ice would be thick and hard.
However, this is not true in the Arctic. The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many
different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water (水道) called “leads”.
Anyone who falls into a lead can be frozen to death in a few minutes.
1．According to the passage, what happened about 100 years ago?
A．Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole.
B．Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32°F.
C．The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse.
D．The North Pole changed into thick ice because of the temperatures.
2．What does the underlined word “uninhabited” probably mean in Chinese?
A．气候恶劣的 B．充满危险的 C．困难重重的 D．无人居住的
3．The reason for the ice to break into two opening lanes of water is ______.
A．that the temperature suddenly drops B．that the water under the ice is frozen
C．that the ocean water under the ice moves D．that the surface is covered with lots of ice
4．What does this passage mainly talk about?
A．The thick ice in the North Pole.
B．A difficult trip to the North Pole.
C．The real situation in the North Pole.
D．The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole.
【答案】ADCC
【解析】本文介绍了北极的一些恶劣情况。北极是一个充满麻烦和困难的地方，留在那里的人可能会面临
许多问题：非常冷的温度，突然的风暴，甚至饥饿。很少有人能住在这么困难的地方。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据“About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to
get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties. They reached the North Pole on March 8th, 1909. ”可知，大
约100年前，两个人成功地到达了北极。故选A。
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【小题2】词义猜测题。根据“Few people can live in such a difficult place.”可知，该地区大部分地区无人居
住。所以划线词意为“无人居住的”。故选D。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据“The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different
changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water (水道) called ‘leads’. ”可知，是
因为冰下的海水在移动。故选C。
【小题4】主旨大意题。根据“However, the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine.”
以及通读全文可知，本文介绍了北极的一些恶劣情况。C选项“北极的真实情况。”符合文章大意。故选
C。
D
(2024·江苏苏州·一模)
How do you go to school every day? Recently a survey showed that only about 20% of the middle school
students in Suzhou ride to school. In fact, a bicycle is not only a tool but also a weapon (武器) to fight against
climate change.
The United Nations General Assembly made a decision in 2022 to support bicycles as a tool for dealing with
climate change. It calls on member states to use more bicycles. Many bicycle and environmental protection groups
have supported the decision. “It is an important step toward the concept of cycling as an important mode of
transport,” said the European Cyclists’ Federation.
After the decision was made, many countries have done a lot to increase the use of bicycles. In May 2023,
bike sales in Spain increased 22-fold (22 倍) compared with 2022. That means more and more people in Spain
choose bikes as their travelling tools. In London, large parts of the city are being closed off to cars so that people can
walk and cycle safely. And China has some of the largest bike-sharing systems in the world, with more than 360
cities and nearly 20 million bicycles for about 47 million trips each day. It could surely be seen as a mark of China’s
bike-sharing success.
All in all, cycling is an environmentally friendly way to get around. Cycling instead of driving a car just once
a day can reduce a person’s carbon emissions (排放) from transport. If more people choose cycling, the world will be
a greener one.
1．What did the United Nations General Assembly call on member states to do in 2022?
A．Avoid driving cars in some cities.
B．Stop using weapons against each other.
C．Help some countries deal with climate change.
D．Use bicycles as a type of public transport more.
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2．What does the underlined word “concept” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．idea B．organization C．review D．copy
3．Why are large parts of London being closed off to cars?
A．To keep the cars away from crowded places.
B．To prevent too much traffic during the rush hour.
C．To help driving become more popular in other cities.
D．To create a safe walking and cycling environment for people.
4．Which picture show the structure (结构) of the passage? (①=paragraph 1)
A． B． C． D．
【答案】DAD B
【解析】本文主要讲述了自行车不仅是出行工具，也是抗击气候变化的武器。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据第二段“The United Nations General Assembly made a decision in 2022 to support
bicycles as a tool for dealing with climate change. It calls on member states to use more bicycles.”可知联合国大会
在2022年做出决定，支持自行车作为应对气候变化的工具，它呼吁成员国多使用自行车。故选D。
【小题2】词句猜测题。根据“It is an important step toward the concept of cycling as an important mode of
transport”可知这个决定是向自行车作为一种重要交通方式的概念迈出的重要一步，“自行车作为一种重要
交通方式”是一种主意、观点。故选A。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据第三段“In London, large parts of the city are being closed off to cars so that people
can walk and cycle safely.”可知在伦敦，城市的大部分地区禁止汽车通行，这样人们可以安全地步行和骑车。
故选D。
【小题4】篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出自行车不仅是一种工具，也是一种抗击气候变化的武器；
第二段主要讲述了联合国对此做出的决定；第三段讲述了许多国家做了大量工作来增加自行车的使用；第
四段总结如果更多的人选择骑自行车，环境会更好。故选B。
三、任务型阅读
(2024·四川绵阳·二模)
70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water. However, only 3% of the water is fit for human use, and the rest
is frozen or salty. According to a report by WWF, water shortage (短缺) influences nearly 27% of the world’s
population.
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Many reasons cause water shortage. The first is climate (气候) change. The heat caused by climate change leads
to water drying out. The next is water pollution, which makes the limited water unsafe for using. What’s more, the
growing population makes the situation worse. In the last 50 years, the human population has more than doubled,
and today 41% of world’s population is badly in need of water.
So, what are the results of water shortage? Firstly, people lack enough water to drink, which does harm to their
lives and health. Besides, water shortage brings about hunger. Plants can not grow when there is not enough water.
As a result, there is less food for people.
Therefore, it’s time to take action. Here are three ways for us to save water in daily life. First, take shorter
showers. Save a minute or two of your shower time. Millions of people doing even the little things makes a
difference. Second, check your taps (水龙头). If you forget to turn off a tap, all those wasted drops add up—
sometimes 5,300 litres of water a year. Third, reuse water. Collect water after washing vegetables and pour it on your
plants.
1
reasons 2
growing population
lacking drinking water
water shortage 3
hunger
take shorter showers
4 check your taps
5
【答案】
【小题1】climate change
【小题2】water pollution
【小题3】results
【小题4】actions
【小题5】reuse water
【解析】本文主要讲述了造成水资源短缺的原因，后果及节约用水的方法。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据“Many reasons cause water shortage. The first is climate(气候)change.”可知，缺
水原因之一是气候变化。故填climate change。
【小题2】细节理解题。根据“ Many reasons cause water shortage. The first is climate(气候) change. The heat
caused by climate change leads to water drying out. The next is water pollution, which makes the limited water
unsafe for using.”可知，缺水的第二个原因是水污染。故填water pollution。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据“So, what are the results of water shortage? Firstly, people lack enough water to
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drink, which does harm to their lives and health. Besides, water shortage brings about hunger.”"可知，缺乏饮用水
与饥饿是水资源短缺的结果。故填results。
【小题4】细节理解题。根据“Therefore, it's time to take action. Here are three ways for us to save water in daily
life. First, take shorter showers. Save a minute or two of your shower time.”可知，缩短淋浴时间是节约用水采取
的行动。故填actions。
【小题5】细节理解题。根据“Third,reuse water”可知，节约用水采取的行动有:再利用水。故填reuse
water。
四、短文填空
A
(2024·重庆大渡口·二模)
根据下面短文内容或所给单词的首字母，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
In April 2024, an earthquake happened in Taiwan Province. Earthquakes often happen, but many people have
no 1 about what to do before, during and after an earthquake. To keep you safe, here is some advice.
An earthquake usually happens in a short time and can be very serious, so it is n 2 to prepare yourself and
your family for it. Make sure all family members know 3 to turn off gas (天然气), water and electricity. They
should also know some important telephone 4 like 120 and 119.
During an earthquake, keeping calm is important. If you are indoors, move to a safe place in the room quickly,
for example, 5 a strong desk or table. By doing this, you can save yourself when something 6 down from
higher places. Remember to stay away from windows or heavy pictures. If you are cooking, turn off the gas at once.
If you are outdoors, move to a clear area like a playground. Get away from buildings, bridges and trees. If you are
driving, 7 the car as soon as possible and then just stay inside. Don’t try to drive through an active earthquake.
After an earthquake, don’t run out of the building at once. You’d better stay in your safe place 8 the
shaking stops for 1 or 2 minutes. Make sure if there is anybody else around you, then help the people who are in
need.
【答案】
【小题1】idea
【小题2】(n)ecessary
【小题3】how
【小题4】numbers
【小题5】under
【小题6】falls
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【小题7】stop
【小题8】until
【解析】本文主要讲述了在地震之前、期间和之后该做什么。
【小题1】句意:地震经常发生，但很多人们不知道在地震之前、期间和之后该做什么。根据“.about whatto
do before, during and after an earthquake.”可知，这里是人们不知道在地震之前、期间和之后该做什么。 have
no idea 意为“不知道”，为固定搭配。故填idea。
【小题2】句意:地震通常发生在短时间内，而且可能非常严重，因此有必要为自己和家人做好准备。根据
“.to prepare yourself and your family for it.”及首字母可知，这里是有必要为自己和家人做好准备。necessary
意为“必要的，必须的”。故填(n)ecessary.
【小题3】句意:确保所有家庭成员都知道如何关闭煤气、水和电。根据.“..to tum of gas, water and electricity”
可知，这里是知道如何关闭煤气、水和电。 how意为“怎样”。故填how。
【小题4】句意:他们还应该知道一些重要的电话号码，比如120和119。根据“like 120 and 119.”可知，这里
指重要的电话号码number意为“号码”，由some可知，这里用复数。故填numbers。
【小题5】句意:如果你在室内，迅速转移到房间里的安全地方，例如，在结实的桌子或桌子下面。根据“a
strong desk or table.”可知，这里指桌子下面。 under意为“在...下面”，故填under。
【小题6】句意:通过这样做，当有东西从高处坠落时，你可以自救。根据“when something...down from
higher places.”可知，这里是当有东西从高处坠落，空处需填fall，意为“下落”，这里是一般现在时，主语
为不定代词something，因此谓语用单三形式。故填falls。
【小题 7】句意:如果你在开车，尽快停车，然后待在车里。根据“Don't try to drive through an active
earthquake.”可知，这里是尽快停车，故空处需填stop，意为“停止”，这里是祈使句，需动词原形开头。故
填stop。
【小题 8】句意:你最好待在安全的地方，直到震动停止 1 到 2 分钟。根据.“.the shaking stops for lor2
minutes.”可知，空处需用until引导的时间状语从句。故填until。
B
(2024·湖南岳阳·二模 )
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（1个或几个单词），使
句子通顺、正确。
Each year, billions of pounds of garbage end up in the oceans. Sometimes people throw away
water 1 (bottle) or other plastic. They do not recycle their garbage. People may not know that wind 2 rain
can move garbage from land to sea. Plastic takes a very long time to break down. It can remain in the
oceans 3 hundreds of years. Plastic pieces are very 4 (danger) to sea animals.
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One group, Washed Ashore, came up with a new idea 5 (tell) people about the problems in the oceans.
First, they take the garbage from 6 beach. Then, they clean and sort it. 7 (final), they work with the plastic
pieces to make huge works of art. The artwork is mostly of sea creatures (生物).
Washed Ashore has 8 (create) more than seventy of these works of art. Some of them are now traveling in
a show all over the world. Each piece shows the effects of trash.
In one show, people learn how plastic fools fish and other sea animals. They think the plastic 9 (be) food,
eat it, and they get very sick or even die.
This would not happen 10 people used less plastic and did not litter. The plastic would not end up in the
ocean.
【答案】
【小题1】bottles
【小题2】and
【小题3】for
【小题4】dangerous
【小题5】to tell
【小题6】a
【小题7】Finally
【小题8】created
【小题9】is
【小题10】if
【解析】本文讲述了塑料垃圾对海洋造成的污染。
【小题1】句意:有时人们会扔水瓶或其他塑料制品。此处需用名词复数形式表泛指。故填bottles。
【小题2】句意:人们可能不知道，风和雨可以把垃圾从陆地运往海洋。此处 wind和rain应表并列，用
and“和”，故填and。
【小题3】句意:它可以在海洋中保留数百年。“hundreds of years”是时间段，此处用for接，表示持续多长
时间，故填for。
【小题4】句意:塑料碎片对海洋动物非常危险，此处在句中作表语，用形容词dangerous“危险的”，故填
dangerous。
【小题5】句意:一个名为“冲上岸”的组织提出了一个新想法，向人们讲述海洋中的问题。此处在句中表示
目的，用动词不定式形式，故填to tell。
【小题6】句意:首先，他们从海滩上捡垃圾。此处泛指一个海滩，beach是以辅音音素开头的单词，用a。
故填a。
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【小题7】句意:最后，他们用塑料片制作出巨大的艺术品。此处在句中修饰整个句子，用副词 finally，句首
需大写首字母。故填Finally。
【小题8】句意:“冲上岸”已经创作了70多件这样的艺术作品。时态是现在完成时，动词用过去分词形式，
故填created。
【小题9】句意:它们认为塑料是食物，吃了它，就会生病甚至死亡，本句时态是一般现在时，主语是
plastic“塑料”，不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is。
【小题 10】句意:如果人们少用塑料，不乱扔垃圾，这种情况就不会发生，根据“This would not
happen..people used less plastic and did not liter”可知是指如果人们少用塑料，不乱扔垃圾，这种情况就不会发
生。if如果，故填if。
五、书面表达
A
(2024·四川雅安·二模)
4月22日是地球保护日，为了号召更多的人加入保护环境的行列，学校的英语俱乐部征文保护环境倡
议书。请你写一篇短文，介绍一下作为青少年我们应该如何保护环境并且号召更多的人加入进来。
写作要点：
1.每周帮忙打扫一次公园或学校；
2.在日常生活中节约用水；
3.乘坐公交车、骑自行车或步行上学；
4.至少补充两点环保措施。
注意：
1.词数80-100，已经给出的部分不计入总词数；
2.演讲稿必须包括所有要点，可以适当发挥，使其连贯、通顺；
3.文中不得出现真实人名、校名和地名等相关信息。
Dear friends,
As we all know April is World Earth Day. As teenagers, there are a lot of things we can do to protect the
environment.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Dear friends,
As we all know April is World Earth Day. As teenagers, there are a lot of things we can do to protect the
environment.
First, we can help clean the park or school once a week to make them more beautiful and cleaner. Second, we
should save water in our daily life. Third, we should take a bus, ride a bike or walk to school every day. Fourth, we
should use paper bags instead of plastic bags when shopping. We should turn off the lights when we leave rooms.
And we should turn off the shower while we are washing hair.
Let's get together and take action to protect the environment.
That's all. Thank you!
【解析】
[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇材料作文;
②时态:时态为“一般现在时”;
③提示:写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏信息提示的内容，适当增加细节，并且突出写作的要点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍保护环境可以做的事情，包括给出的三点提示和补充的两点环保措施;
第二步，书写结语，提出一起保护环境的倡议。
[亮点词汇]
①instead of而不是
②turn of关闭
③take action采取行动
[高分句型]
①First, we can help clean the park or school once a week to make them more beautiful and cleaner.(动词不定式表
目的)
②And we should turn off the shower while we are washing hair. (时间状语从句)
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B
(2024·湖南长沙·一模)
动物是人类的好朋友，可是近年来由于森林砍伐及人类需求，越来越多的野生动物面临灭绝的危险。
为提高人们的动物保护意识，《英语青年报》正举行以“Let’s Protect Wild Animals”为题的英语征文竞赛。
请根据以下内容提示，写一篇英语短文，简要分析野生动物减少的原因，提出保护野生动物的措施，参加
此次征文比赛。
要求如下：
(1) 短文必须包含提示中的所有要点，可适当发挥；
(2) 注意书写工整、语句通顺、句意连贯；
(3) 80词左右（标题和开头都已给出，不计入总词数）；
(4) 文中不得出现真实人名和校名。
Let’s Protect Wild Animals
As we all know, animals are people’s friends.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
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【答案】One possible version:
Let's Protect Wild Animals
As we all know, animals are people's friends. However, the number of wild animals is getting smaller and
smaller because wild animals’ living places are becoming fewer and fewer. Also, many wild animals now can't find
enough food to eat. At the same time,people are killing animals for their fur, teeth, bones or other parts of the body.
And people keep on cutting down lots of trees
What should we do to protect wild animals? We should stop buying fur coats, make laws, set up more reserves
for them and plant more trees.
【解析】
[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇材料作文;
②时态:时态为“一般现在时”;
③提示:写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“提示信息”，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍野生动物减少的原因:
第二步，提出保护野生动物的措施。
[亮点词汇]
①at the same time司时
②cut down砍伐
③set up建立
[高分句型]
However, the number of wild animals is getting smaller and smaller because wild animals' living places are
becoming fewer and fewer(原因状语从句)
19
