文档内容
第 3 讲 形容词和副词
I bought an interesting① novel yesterday.The book is so interesting② that I can hardly let
go of it.Worried③ about my study，my mother took it away.However，I found my mother
absorbed④ in it.
My mother is reading the novel attentively⑤ now and she is quite⑤ moved by
it.Obviously⑥，she won’t return the book to me soon.
[规则感悟] ①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。
③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词
可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态
的程度。⑥副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。
1．形容词的构词规则
(1)名词转换为形容词的规则
类别 例词
词尾加-y cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，wind→windy，salt→salty
gift→gifted，talent→talented，experience→experienced，
词尾加-(e)d
detail→detailed，age→aged
meaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，
词尾加-ful/-
help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/
less
colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless
comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，
词尾加-able
remark→remarkable，fashion→fashionable，reason→reasonable
词尾加-ous danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humor→humorous
absence→absent，confidence→confident，difference→different，
词尾变-ce为-t
elegance→elegant，persistence→persistent，significance→significant
词尾(去e)加- music→musical，person→personal，nation→national，
al education→educational，tradition→traditional，profession→professional
agriculture→agricultural，culture→cultural，globe→global，
词尾去-e加-al
universe→universal，virtue→virtual，commerce→commercial，
或-ial
finance→financial
词尾加-ly friend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely词尾加-en wood→wooden，wool→woolen
athlete→athletic，energy→energetic，scene→scenic，
词尾去-e或-y
economy→economic，
加-etic/-ic
history→historic
habit→habitual，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，
其他常见变化 science→scientific，medicine→medical，day→daily，
influence→influential，south→southern
注意 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母
再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-
y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。
(2)动词转换为形容词的规则
类别 例词
词前加-a live→alive，wake→awake，sleep→asleep
excite→excited，educate→educated，relax→relaxed，
词尾加-ed/-d
challenge→challenged，crowd→crowded，balance→balanced
surprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening，
词尾(去e)加-ing
appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting
accept→acceptable，respect→respectable，enjoy→enjoyable，
词尾(去e)加-able adjust→adjustable，afford→affordable，bear→bearable，
suit→suitable，recognize→recognizable
act→active，attract→attractive，compare→comparative，
词尾(去e)加-ive/-
compete→competitive，create→creative，impress→impressive，
ative/-itive
relate→relative，select→selective
注意 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母
再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-
y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。
2．形容词变副词的规则
类别 例词
(1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-
quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously
ly。
(2)以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接
immediate→immediately，polite→politely，
加-ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去
true→truly
掉e再加-ly。(3)以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去
possible→possibly，probable→probably
掉e再加-y。
(4)以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y
happy→happily，healthy→healthily
为i再加-ly。
(5)以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-
economic→economically，basic→basically
ally。
(6)以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y。 full→fully，dull→dully
注意 下面这两个单词是特殊的形式：whole→wholly public→publicly
3．常见的以-ly结尾的形容词
(1)表示时间的形容词：hourly每小时的；daily 每天的；weekly 每周的；monthly 每月的；
yearly 每年的；timely及时的，适时的。
(2)表示人的形容词：manly有男子气概的；womanly 女性特有的；motherly慈母般的；
fatherly 慈父般的；comradely 同志般的。
(3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词：lovely可爱的；friendly 友好的；ugly 难
看的；lively 活泼的；lonely 孤独的；unfriendly 不友好的；kindly 亲切的；sickly多病的；
elderly 年长的。
(4)表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词：likely可能的；orderly 整齐的；deadly 致
命的；chilly 寒冷的；disorderly 乱七八糟的；unlikely 不大可能发生的。
4．如何区分-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词
(1)-ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”。
(2)-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，也可以修饰事物，多
修饰 smile(微笑)，appearance(外貌)，face(面部表情)，voice(声音)，look(表情)，
expression(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
5．常考的连接性副词
though 然而，可是；meanwhile 在此期间；therefore/thus/consequently 因此，所以；
moreover/furthermore而且，此外；besides而且，另外，还有；however然而；instead相反，
代替；anyway/anyhow尽管，即使这样；otherwise否则。
The young man couldn’t afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，I’d grown fond of our little rented house.这个
房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了。
6．意义不同的同根副词(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
对点练习
1．The old people there were talkative and they told us their ________________(person) stories
cheerfully.
2．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and
____________(disappoint)．
3．I’ll never forget the ____________(amaze) trip I had in Beijing，China and I hope to go there
next time with my friends.
4．He spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold and ____________(hunger)．
5．In the study，GBS was used to provide a ____________(high) efficient way of demonstrating
quantum computational speedup in solving some tasks.
6．The title will be ____________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
7．____________(lucky)，he also has a cow which produces milk every day.
8．I am ____________(terrible) sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you at the appointed
time.
In my family，my mother is the thinnest①.My father is much taller② than her and me，but
he is twice as heavy as③ my mother，and becoming fatter and fatter④.He is quite worried
because the fatter⑤ he is，the more likely⑤ he is to be ill.
[规则感悟] ①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est；以e结尾的直接加-r
或-st；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母＋y”结
尾的词，将y变为i再加-er或-est；多音节词前面加more或most。
两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。
②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still 等词修饰。
③倍数表达法：
·A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B·A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B
·A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B
④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。
⑤“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。
1．少数以-er，-ow，-y或-le结尾的双音节词，可以加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。
clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
easy→easier→easiest
simple→simpler→simplest
2．有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。
这类形容词有right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，
wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。
3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。
good/well→better→best
bad/ill→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
far→farther→farthest(指具体空间上)
far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上)
4．比较级的基本用法
(1)同级比较
①as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“不如……”
Since people are fond of humour，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.
因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。
②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...
as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as
tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一
天了。
(2)比较级比较
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原
级＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.
我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。
5．比较级的特殊用法
①“more＋原级＋than＋原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。
The girl was more frightened than hurt.
与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。
②“more than＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。
The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。
③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。
Of the two sisters，Mary is the cleverer.
这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。
6．比较级形式表示最高级含义
在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。
①比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数
②比较级＋than＋the other＋可数名词复数
③比较级＋than＋anyone/anything else
④比较级＋than＋any of the other＋可数名词复数
⑤“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。
China is the largest country in Asia.That is，it is larger than any other country in Asia.
中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。
No man is better than you in the world.
人世间没有人比你好。
I haven’t read a more interesting novel.
这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。
7．最高级的基本用法
(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语
She is the most active student in our class.
她是我们班最活跃的学生。
(2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.
＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。
(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词
Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。
对点练习
1．The ____________(much) we do for those in need，the happier we’ll be.
2．Road safety has aroused ____________(wide) attention of the public than before.
3．During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century，Beijing Operafinally formed and became the ____________(big) of all operas in China.
4．The electronic waste stream is increasing three times ____________(fast) than traditional
garbage as a whole.
5．I have seldom seen my mother ____________ pleased with my progress as she is now.
1．When the house was built，it was much __________(small) than it is today.(2021·浙江6月)
2．Xiao long bao(soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers
encasing hot，____________(taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite
Chinese street food.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
3．One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come
and present their ____________(fine) work，so that he could choose the best.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
4．As the small boat moved ____________(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the
mountains being silently reflected in the water.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
层级一 基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a
handful of small ____________(carrot) and was about to throw them away.
2 ． Handle the most important tasks first ， and you’ll feel a real sense of
____________(achieve)．
3．Although he researches cloning，his ____________(intend) has never been to create copies of
humans.
4．In the early ____________(fifty)，researchers found that people scored higher on intelligence
tests if they spoke more than one language.
5．She is the ____________(twelve) tutor，who has come to look after his children since theirmother died.
6．The old man goes to the park every ____________(three) day，jogging with his fellows.
7 ． But the successful test drilling for fire ice does not mean it can be extracted for
____________(industry) use.
8．The world’s population is increasing at a __________(surprise) rate and our environment is
facing great pressure.
9．Nowadays it’s the second ____________(large) city in Bulgaria and it’s a significant
economic，educational and cultural center.
10．Huizhou is famous for its stone，wood and brick carvings，which are ____________(wide)
used in the decoration of local houses.
层级二 高考真题练
单句语法填空
1．Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop’s
fables date to the ____________(six) century，B.C.Yet，the form of the fable still has values
today，as Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”．(2023·全国甲)
2．____________(difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an accusation
instead of a moral.(2023·全国甲)
3．However，Carson’s theme is a more weighty ____________(warn) about environmental
destruction.(2023·全国甲)
4．The ____________(remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect
the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover
here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.(2023·全国乙)
5．No matter where I buy them，one steamer basket is ____________(rare) enough，yet two
seems greedy，and so I am always left wanting more next time.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
6．They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ____________(visit) Chinese zookeepers
who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
7．They also need to be ready to give ____________(interview) in English with international
journalists.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
8．So，what are they learning？____________(basic)，how to describe a panda’s life.
(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
9．John Olson，a former ____________(photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully
textured 3D models.(2022·浙江6月)
10．Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________(meaning)．The two of
them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.(2022·全国甲)
层级三 语篇提能练
语法填空(2023·浙江1月改编)
During China’s 1.____________(dynasty) period，emperors planned the city of Beijing and
arranged the residential areas according to social 2.____________(class) ． The term
“hutong”，3.____________(original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first
during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，surrounded in concentric(同心的)
circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens of higher social classes were permitted to live
4.____________(close) to the center of the circles.The large siheyuan of these high-ranking
officials and 5.____________(wealth)businessmen often featured 6.____________(beautiful)
carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子)．The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined
by 7.____________(space) homes and walled gardens.Farther from the center lived the commoners
and laborers.Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 8.________________(simple) in design
and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important 9.____________(culture) element of the city of
Beijing.Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China，almost every hutong has its
stories，and some are even associated with historic 10.____________(event)．In contrast to the
court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the
Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.
1．形容词的名词化表达
某些形容词可以用“be of＋抽象名词”来表达。例如：be important＝be of importance be
beneficial＝be of benefit be valuable＝be of value be helpful＝be of help be useful＝be of
use
典例 (2023·天津6月)作为一名来自中国的交换生，我认为不同国家之间的文化交流是非常
重要的。
As an exchange student from China，I believe that cultural exchange between different countries
is of great importance.
运用 (2022·全国甲)说到海洋，它对世界非常重要，然而，它的污染正变得越来越严重。
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2．副词的名词化表达
某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词＋名词”短语表达。例如：angrily＝with anger anxiously
＝with anxiety curiously＝with curiosity comfortably＝in comfort peacefully＝in peace
hurriedly＝in a hurry joyfully＝with joy
典例 (2022·浙江1月)亨德森博士很高兴看到我们完成的项目并满意地对我们说：“一个人可以走得很远，但一群人可以走得更远。”
Dr Henderson was very glad to see our completed project and said to us with satisfaction，“One
person can go far，but a group of persons can travel farther.”
运用 (2023·浙江1月)上周末，我带着好奇心参加了学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”
活动。
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3．活用带有比较级的句型
(1)the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
典例 (2023·全国乙)我在冰上练习得越多，我就越熟练，很快就滑得很自如了。
The more I practised skating on the ice，the more skilled I was，and I soon skated on the ice
smoothly.
运用 (2022·全国甲)正如你们所知，参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
典例 (2022·全国乙)我认为，在英语学习中，没有比自律更重要的了。
As far as I’m concerned，nothing is more important than self-discipline in English learning.
运用 (2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)没有什么比老师的鼓励更重要。没有老师的鼓励，我就不可能获
奖。
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
