文档内容
词汇的选择与锤炼
1.替换常用简单词(短语)
(1)名词(短语)变换
机会 chance→opportunity
选择 choice→alternative
课程 course→curriculum
影响 effect→influence/impact
后果 result→consequence
缺点 shortcoming→drawback
方法 way→approach
职业 job→career/profession
建议 advice→guidance
问题 problem→issue
老人 old people→the elderly/the aged/senior citizens
young people
青少年
→youngsters/youths/adolescents
几天前 a few days ago→the other day
(2)动词(短语)变换
看见 see→catch sight of
遇见 meet→come across
喜欢 like→have a passion for/be fond of/have an affection for
引起 cause→lead to/result in/give rise to
拥有 have→possess
提高 develop/improve→promote
替代 replace→substitute
注意到 notice→spot
完成 finish→accomplish
面对 face→be faced with/be confronted with
容忍 bear→tolerate/put up with
处理 deal with→cope with
使某人 make sb.realize→raise sb.’s
意识到 awareness of
决定 decide→determine/make up one’s mind
考虑 consider→take into consideration/account
应该 should→be supposed to理解 understand→make sense of/figure out
使用 use→employ/make use of/take advantage of
道歉 apologize→make an apology
记住 remember→keep in mind
发生 happen→occur/come about
想起 think of→occur to/come up with
感谢 thank→appreciate
帮助某人 help sb.→do sb.a favor
节省 save→set aside
参观 visit→pay a visit to
分发 hand out→distribute
站起来 stand up→rise to one’s feet
由……组
be made up of→consist of/be composed of
成
习惯于 be used to→be accustomed to
一定 be sure to do→be bound to do
反对 be against→object to
厌烦 be bored with→be fed up with
忙于 be busy with→be occupied with/be engaged in
闻名 be famous for→have a reputation for
感到舒服 feel comfortable→feel at ease
美化校园 make the school beautiful→beautify the school
想做某事 want to do sth.→intend/desire to do sth.
照看 look after→attend to
尽力做
try one’s best to do sth.→spare no effort to do sth.
某事
向某人
ask sb.for help→turn to sb.for help
寻求帮助
(3)形容词变换
令人惊
surprising→amazing/astonishing/shocking
奇的
贫穷的 poor→needy/poverty-stricken
优秀的 excellent→outstanding
明显的 obvious→apparent/evident
常见的 common→universal
充足的 enough→adequate勤奋的 hard-working→diligent
可用的 useable→available
困难的 difficult→challenging
坚强的 strong→tough
重要的 important→significant/vital
不可能的 impossible→out of the question
有趣的;
有吸引 interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing
力的
小心谨
careful→cautious
慎的
幸运的 lucky→fortunate
巨大的 large→enormous
合适的 proper→appropriate
丰富的 rich→abundant
古老的 old→ancient
唯一的 only→unique
全部的 whole→entire
富裕的 rich→wealthy
许多的 many→a large quantity/number of
有空的 free→available
有益处的 useful→be of benefit
高兴的 glad→delighted
激动的 excited→thrilled
坏的 bad→disgusting/awful
著名的 famous→distinguished/well-known
(4)其他词(组)变换
突然 suddenly→all of a sudden
立即 immediately→in a flash
有时 sometimes→occasionally/once in a while/from time to time
另外;
besides→in addition/what’s more/moreover
况且
因此 so→therefore
第一;
first→to begin with/start with/first of all
首先
第二; second→in addition/what’s more其次
最终 finally→eventually/ultimately
关于 about→concerning
也 too→as well
否则 or→otherwise
事实上 in fact→as a matter of fact
故意地 on purpose→by design/deliberately
总之 in a word→to sum up/in conclusion/in summary
因为 because of→on account of/due to/owing to/thanks to
【典型例句】
①On the one hand, too much praise might lead to children’s lack of enthusiasm to explore
new things(缺乏探索新事物的热情 ), for they are afraid they won’t meet parents’
expectations(满足父母的期望).
②Considering the enormous benefits(考虑到巨大的益处), which we can earn steadily from
tennis practice, including preventing us from getting short-sighted (防止我们近视)and
helping us keep physically healthy, we are lost in the training course.
【拓展训练】
①The special day allows people to show their love and affection for(对……表达爱和情感)
their fathers.
②It’s advisable/wise( 是 明 智 的 )for people to use their cellphones more
appropriately/properly(更恰当地).
③Without sufficient preparation(没有充分的准备), you can hardly expect to answer all the
questions correctly and obtain satisfactory marks, let alone be admitted into a desirable
university(梦想的大学).
④Tracy said she had already informed Susan of(通知苏珊) the change of the appointment.
⑤People generally thought it impossible for the Chinese team to win the championship in the Rio
Olympic Games, but they overcame many hurdles(克服许多障碍) and eventually worked
miracles/wonders(最终创造了奇迹).
⑥Drama Night is scheduled to (预定)be held on the evening of next Friday in the theatre hall.
⑦Additionally(此外), having been awarded scholarship twice in our school, I have excellent
academic performance(极好的学术成就).
⑧This phenomenon has become a concern/focus (成为焦点)we must face today because ofmany serious consequences (许多严重后果)caused by improper use of cellphones.
2.变化所用词的词性
在作文中, 可以通过改变一个词的词性, 使文章富有变化, 让阅卷者感受到考生对词汇
各种用法的掌握水平和灵活运用的程度。常见的变化词性的策略有名词变动词、动词变名
词、形容词变名词等。
(1)名词变动词
People are concerned about the gradual disappearance of the traditional values.
→People are concerned because the traditional values are gradually disappearing.
传统价值观正在渐渐地消亡, 这让人们很担忧。
(2)动词变名词
After watching his performance, I found he could really dance very well.
→After watching his performance, I found him a really good dancer.
看了他的表演之后, 我发现他跳舞跳得很棒。
(3)形容词变名词
I wrote a letter to Tom to thank him for his being so kind.
→I wrote a letter to Tom to thank him for his kindness.
我写信给汤姆对他的善良表示感谢。
3.善用短语
汉语 高级短语
努力 struggle for=strive for=spare no effort for
从事 embark on=set about=go in for
在当代 in contemporary society=in present-day society=in this day and age
大量的 a host of=a great number of=a large amount of
更糟糕
what’s worse=worse still=to make matters worse
的是
遇见;
run into=come across=meet with
偶遇
在我
in my opinion=as far as I’m concerned=from my point of view
看来
除了……
之外 in addition to=apart from=as well as=along with
(还有)
一方面,
on the one hand, on the other hand=for one thing, for another
另一方面高度评价 think highly of=sing high praise for=think well of
把……
take...into consideration=take...into account
考虑在内
汉语 高级短语
有资格的;
有能力的; be fit for=be equal to=be qualified for=be competent in
胜任的
参加 take part in/participate in
一些如何
some advice/tips/suggestions on how to...
……的建议
对……
feel nervous/anxious about
感到紧张
克服紧张; ease/overcome/get over
缓解焦虑 nervousness/relieve anxiety
树立信心;
对自己 build up confidence/have confidence in oneself/be confident about oneself
有信心
对…… be of benefit
有益的 =be beneficial to
对……有害的;
do harm to/do damage to
对……有
=be harmful to
损害的
接触到; gain/have access to
有机会使用 =be accessible to
对某人 be convenient/inconvenient for sb.=bring convenience/
(不)方便的 inconvenience to sb.
对……有
have an effect/influence/impact on.../make a difference to...
影响/作用
【典型例句】
①For example, paper-cutting and Chinese knots are all feasible methods of introducing our
culture, which are also more convenient to organize(更方便组织).
②The reasons why I am qualified for the job(我能胜任这份工作的原因) are as follows.
【拓展训练】
①From my point of view(我认为), it’s true that cellphones bring us lots of benefits and
convenience, but only when they’re used more appropriately(恰当地) can they serve us better.
②All my teachers and classmates sing high praise for my proficiency(高度赞扬我的熟练) inboth Chinese and English.
③Taking all your requirements into account/consideration(考虑到你的全部要求), I firmly
believe I’m the right person you’re looking for.
④As for accommodation, I prefer to live with a local family because I want to improve my
English and experience authentic American culture close up(近距离体验真实的美国文化).
⑤You are optimistic about life and always have confidence, whatever difficulty you may
encounter(遇见), which helps you stand out among the classmates.
⑥With the improvement of people’s living standards(随着人们生活水平的提高), cellphones
are flooding into our life.
⑦We are sorry for any inconvenience that we’ll bring to you(我们给你带来的不便).Thanks
for your understanding.
⑧Nowadays, the smart phones have found their way to every family and are playing a very
important role in our life.They are beneficial to us in many ways.However, they also do harm to
us physically and mentally(有害于我们的身心健康).
⑨In addition, seldom do I have time to keep my parents company, so I decide to help my parents
with some housework to release/ease/lessen/reduce their pressure(缓解他们的压力), which I
think is of benefit to enhancing the relationship(加强关系) between my family members.
【语篇填空】
根据所给信息补全短文, 并注意高级词汇的使用。
Dear Peter,
I am exceedingly delighted(我非常高兴) to hear from you.You asked me in your last letter
about the physical exercise in our school and the following information may give you a
sketch(给你一个概述).
To begin with,a fabulous new stadium has been built up(一座很大的新体育馆已落成),
which has become the new landmark(已成为新的地标) in our school.Moreover, with the
stadium set up, a wide range of sports events(各种体育项目) are able to be held, of which ping-
pong, football as well as(以及) running competitions enjoy great popularity(很受欢迎).As for
me, I’m intoxicated with basketball(我热爱篮球) since it has been giving me strength to
confront the challenges in my life(去迎接生活中的挑战).
All in all, I sincerely invite(诚挚地邀请) you to come to our school and see for yourself.
Yours,Li Hua
【综合演练】
1．假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom在给你的邮件中说他对中国历史人物很感兴趣，请
你介绍一位你喜欢并且崇拜的历史人物。请给Tom回信，内容要点包括：
1.介绍人物；
2.简述贡献；
3.对你的影响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Tom,
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
2．假定你是李华，你校英语话剧社拟举办英语话剧展演活动，请你写一篇开幕辞，内容包
括：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 活动介绍。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear teachers and fellow students,
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．假定你是某国际学校学生会主席，你校将于下周举行一场英文讲座。请你写一则英文通
知，内容包括：
1. 讲座主题：The World Wildlife Day；
2. 时间、地点及讲座内容。
注意：1. 词数为 80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Notice
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_
The Student Council
March, 1
4．假设你是李华，请你写一篇短文向校英语社团“Learning English”的微信公众号投稿，
向同学们推荐一款兼顾趣味与英语学习的app。内容包括：
1. 介绍这款 app；
2. 分享使用体验。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5．假定你是李华，给你班交换生Frank发邮件，想邀请Frank一起晨跑。请你根据以下要点提示，给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 表明来意；
2. 晨跑的重要性；
3. 注意事项。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
Dear Frank,
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
6．假定你是李华，你在英语阅读过程中时常对一些习语感到困惑。请给外教Mr. Smith 写
封邮件，内容包括：
1.你的困惑；
2.寻求帮助。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. Smith,
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua参考答案
1．Dear Tom,
It’s great to hear from you. Knowing that you’re interested in famous figures in Chinese
history, I am very glad to share with you my favourite one.
Talking of my favourite figure in Chinese history, I can’t help thinking of Qu Yuan, a great
patriotic poet with Lisao as his masterpiece. In honour of him, the Dragon Boat Festival was
born. Whenever I read his poems, I am lost in thought. His spirit encourages me to love my
country and try something new.
If you’re interested in him, I’ll find his work for you. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Tom回信，介绍一位喜欢并且崇拜的
历史人物。
【要点分析】1.词汇积累
为纪念：in honour of→in memory of
感兴趣：be interested in→take interest in
高兴：glad→delighted
想起：think of→recall
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Talking of my favourite figure in Chinese history, I can’t help thinking of Qu Yuan, a great
patriotic poet with Lisao as his masterpiece.
拓展句：Talking of my favourite figure in Chinese history, I can’t help thinking of Qu Yuan, who
was a great patriotic poet with Lisao as his masterpiece.
[高分句型1] If you’re interested in him, I’ll find his work for you. (运用了if引导条件状语从
句)
[高分句型2] Whenever I read his poems, I am lost in thought. (运用了whenever引导让步状语
从句)
2．Dear teachers and fellow students,
I am deeply honored to welcome you all to our school’s English Drama Society’s annual
showcase.This event is a celebration of our creativity, hard work, and passion for the English
language and theater. Tonight, we will be treated to a series of compelling performances, each
reflecting the unique vision and talent of our members.
We hope you enjoy the show and are inspired by the stories and characters brought to life
on our stage.
【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为你校英语话剧社拟举办英语话剧展演
活动写一篇开幕辞。
【要点分析】1.词汇积累
荣幸：honored→privileged
精彩的：compelling→splendid
喜爱：enjoy→be fond of
热情：passion→enthusiasm
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Tonight, we will be treated to a series of compelling performances, each reflecting the
unique vision and talent of our members.
拓展句：Tonight, we will be treated to a series of compelling performances, which reflects the
unique vision and talent of our members.
[高分句型1] Tonight, we will be treated to a series of compelling performances, each reflecting
the unique vision and talent of our members. (运用了独立主格结构)
[高分句型2] We hope you enjoy the show and are inspired by the stories and characters brought
to life on our stage. (运用了省去that的宾语从句和过去分词作定语)
3．Notice
Next week, our school will hold an English lecture on The World Wildlife Day.
The lecture will be given from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. in the school auditorium on Sunday. The
content of the lecture will include the significance of the day and ways to protect wildlife. Besides,
there will be a question-and-answer session where you can put forward your ways to protecte the
wildlife. I believe that after the lecture, you will get the chance to know how you can do in daily
life to protect wildlife.
Everyone who is interested in the lecture is welcome to attend.
The Student CouncilMarch, 1
【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就你校将于下周将举行的一场英文讲座
写一则英文通知。
【要点分析】1.词汇积累
举办：hold→host
重要性：significance→importance
此外：besides→in addition
提出：put forward→come up with
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：The lecture will be given from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. in the school auditorium on Sunday. The
content of the lecture will include the significance of the day and ways to protect wildlife.
拓展句：The lecture will be given from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. in the school auditorium on Sunday, the
content of which will include the significance of the day and ways to protect wildlife.
【高分句型1】Besides, there will be a question-and-answer session where you can put up with
your ways to protecte the wildlife. (运用了where引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】I believe that after the lecture, you will get the chance to know how you can do in
daily life to protect wildlife.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和how引导的宾语从句)
4．
“Duolingo” is an excellent app that combines fun and effective English learning methods. It
offers a wide range of interactive lessons, ranging from vocabulary exercises, quizzes to speaking
and listening tasks. What’s worth mentioning is that it uses game-like elements to make learning
more engaging and enjoyable.
After using Duolingo for a while, I find it is such an incredibly useful tool that I’m willing
to say learning English has become an indispensable part of my life. With varieties of exercises
and the user-friendly interface, not only does it make my learning experience pleasurable and
productive but also it deepens my insight into English learning.
If you’re struggling to find a useful tool for English learning, Duolingo is definitely worth a
try. I’m firmly convinced that you’ll love it as much as I do.
【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇短文向校英语社团“Learning
English”的微信公众号投稿，向同学们推荐一款兼顾趣味与英语学习的app。【要点分析】1. 词汇积累
杰出的：excellent→outstanding
提供：offer→provide
非常地：incredibly→remarkably
各种各样的：varieties of→a diversity of
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It offers a wide range of interactive lessons, ranging from vocabulary exercises, quizzes to
speaking and listening tasks.
拓展句：It offers a wide range of interactive lessons, which range from vocabulary exercises,
quizzes to speaking and listening tasks.
【高分句型1】“Duolingo” is an excellent app that combines fun and effective English learning
methods. (运用了that引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】What’s worth mentioning is that it uses game-like elements to make learning
more engaging and enjoyable. (运用了that引导的表语从句和what引导的主语从句)
【高分句型3】With varieties of exercises and the user-friendly interface, not only does it make
my learning experience pleasurable and productive but also it deepens my insight into English
learning. (运用了部分倒装)
5．Dear Frank,
How are you doing? I’m writing to invite you to go for a morning run with me, which may
benefit both of us in an amazing way.
When I was in junior high school, I often got sick due to lack of exercise. So I picked up
running in the morning. Since then, running has played an important role in my life, without
which I wouldn’t have built strong body. I think it is a good way to keep fit. That’s why I want to
invite you to join me. Before running, it is necessary to have some preparation exercises, such as
pressing legs and swinging arms. What’s more, make sure appropriate shoes and clothing are
worn.
I hope you can join me in exercising. Looking forward to your early reply.
Best regards,Li Hua
【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生按照提示给交换生Frank发邮件，邀请
Frank一起晨跑。
【要点分析】1.词汇积累
重要的：important→significant
健康的：fit→healthy
必要的：necessary→essential
另外：what’s more→in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Before running, it is necessary to have some preparation exercises, such as pressing legs
and swinging arms.
拓展句：Before running, it is necessary that we have some preparation exercises, such as
pressing legs and swinging arms.
[高分句型1] I’m writing to invite you to go for a morning run with me, which may benefit both
of us in an amazing way. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Since then, running has played an important role in my life, without which I
wouldn’t have built strong body. (运用了“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句)
6．Dear Mr. Smith,
I’m Li Hua from Class 5, Grade 3 of our school. I’m writing to seek your help regarding
idioms. I find it quite challenging to grasp the meanings of some idioms while reading English
texts. They often confuse me, and I’m not sure how to interpret them correctly. I know that idioms
are a crucial part of English language learning, and I am eager to improve my understanding of
them.
I would really appreciate it if you could share some strategies or tips on how to better
understand and remember idioms. Your guidance would be invaluable to me. Thank you very
much for your time and support.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Mr. Smith 写封邮件，说明自己
在英语阅读过程中时对一些习语感到的困惑并向对方寻求帮助。【要点分析】1.词汇积累
关于：regarding→concerning
理解：grasp→comprehend
使困惑：confuse→puzzle
无价的：invaluable→priceless
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：They often confuse me, and I’m not sure how to interpret them correctly.
拓展句：They often confuse me, and I’m not sure how I can interpret them correctly.
【高分句型1】I find it quite challenging to grasp the meanings of some idioms while reading
English texts.（运用了状语从句的省略，不定式作真正宾语，it为形式宾语）
【高分句型2】I know that idioms are a crucial part of English language learning, and I am eager
to improve my understanding of them.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
