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§4.9 解三角形中的最值与范围问题
重点解读 解三角形中的最值或范围问题,通常涉及与边长、周长有关的范围问题,与面
积有关的范围问题,或与角度有关的范围问题,一直是高考的热点与重点,主要是利用三角
函数、正余弦定理、三角形面积公式、基本不等式等工具研究三角形问题,解决此类问题的
关键是建立起角与边的数量关系.
题型一 利用基本不等式求最值(范围)
例1 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)记△ABC的内角A,B,C的对边分别为a,b,c,已知=.
(1)若C=,求B;
(2)求的最小值.
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跟踪训练1 在△ABC中,sin2A-sin2B-sin2C=sin Bsin C.
(1)求A;
(2)若BC=3,求△ABC周长的最大值.
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题型二 转化为三角函数求最值(范围)
例2 (2023·佛山模拟)已知△ABC为锐角三角形,且cos A+sin B=(sin A+cos B).
(1)若C=,求A;
(2)已知点D在边AC上,且AD=BD=2,求CD的取值范围.
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思维升华 三角形中最值(范围)问题,如果三角形为锐角三角形,或其他的限制,一般采用
正弦定理边化角,利用三角函数的范围求出最值或范围.跟踪训练2 (2023·嘉兴统考)在△ABC中,内角A,B,C的对边分别为a,b,c,且=,a=
3.
(1)若BC边上的高等于1,求cos A;
(2)若△ABC为锐角三角形,求△ABC面积的取值范围.
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题型三 转化为其他函数求最值(范围)
例3 已知锐角△ABC中,角A,B,C所对的边分别为a,b,c,且=.
(1)若A=,求B;
(2)若asin C=1,求+的最大值.
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跟踪训练3 (2023·浙江联考)已知△ABC中,内角A,B,C所对的边分别为a,b,c,且满
足=.
(1)若C=,求B;
(2)求的取值范围.
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