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单元提升卷 05 Unit 4 Natural Disasters
单元基础知识巩固
拓展词汇变形
1. n．&vt. 营救；救援→ n. 营救人员；救援人员
2. vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→ n. 幸存者；生还者→
n. 幸存；生还
3. n. 死；死亡→ vi. 死；死亡→ adj. 死的；无生命的
→ adj. 垂死的；临终的
4. n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→ adj. 震惊的→
adj. 令人震惊的
5. vi.&vt. 呼吸→ n．呼吸
6. vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→ n. 振兴；复苏
7. vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ n. 痛苦；苦难
→ n. 受苦者
8. n. 智慧；才智→ adj. 明智的；有智慧的→ adv. 明智地；有
智慧地
9. vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫→(过去式) →(过去分词)
10. vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击→(过去式)
→(过去分词)
11. n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ adj. 强大的；强有力的
→ adj. 无力的；没有能力的；无权力的
12. vi.&vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→ n. 爆发
13. adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静→ adv. 镇静地；沉着地
14. vt.&vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→ n. 递送；传达
15. n. 影响；结果；效果→ adj. 有效的
16. n. 长；长度→ adj. 长的→ vt. 加长
核心短语互译
1. 指的是；，查阅；提到 10. 倒塌
2. 过去常常 11. 穿过；贯穿；抄近路
3. 建立 12. 和往常一样
4. 至少 13. 消灭；彻底消除
5. 似乎；好像；仿佛 14. 露天；在户外
6. 严重受损；破败不堪 15. 现有(尤指帮助)
7. 震惊；吃惊 16. 保持平静
8. 吹走；刮走 17. 远离
9. 结束 18. 确保
119. fight the fire 23. nothing but
20. floodhit area 24. dig out
21. rescue worker 25. the number of
22. hundreds of
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．With no rain for over a year, the city is suffering ________ unusually hot weather.
2．Given the fast pace of the job market now, 21st century employees are faced with challenges _______ their
parents never experienced.
3．On the hill were maple trees ________ leaves had turned red.
4．The crops died during the ________ (dry).
5．The earthquake should be responsible for the______ (dead) and loss.
6．The south of the country ________(affect) by the flood last year.
7．Temperature and the ___________ (long) of day are traditionally accepted as the main factors in affecting
when leaves change colour and fall.
8．_______ summary, it is my opinion that the whole process of treatment was very successful.
9．Many Lithuanians have expressed doubts about the ________ (wise) of the decision.
10．Below is a ________ (summarize) of what we talked about.
11．What he did had a bad ________(affect) on children’s behaviour.
12．What ________(strike) her was that the beauty of the place was beyond description.
13．It was really a terrifying experience. Afterwards everybody was very ________(shock).
14．Although the polite British approach to ________ (deliver) jokes means that sometimes it’s difficult to even
tell if it is a joke or not.
15．Hold your ________(breathe) for a count of five, then slowly breathe out.
16．Medical workers were asked to give up their holidays because of the national ________(emerge).
17．Quite a few people used to believe _____ (disaster) were sure to strike if a mirror was broken.
18．The whole village ______(destroy) in the sudden flood last year, leaving nothing to the native people.
19．My new white dress was totally ______(ruin) by the dirty water.
20．She used an umbrella to take shelter ______ the burning sun.
21．He has great difficulty in catching ______(he) breath.
22．She received many letters of support from fellow__________(suffer).
23．The brain requires constant ______(supply) of oxygen.
24．In the traffic accident, the _______________(survive) were all badly injured.
25．All things there gave him a feeling of security and ______(calm).
26．Please evacuate the building _________(immediate).
27．The criminal escaped ________ helicopter.
28．The officials ___________ (helicopter) aboard the ship.
29．The farm came to him on his father’s death, but he was not ________ (interest) in being a farmer.
30．She was ________ (deep) affected by the sad story.
答案第2页，共2页二、完成句子
31．多年的战斗使这个村庄严重受损。
Years of fighting have left the village________ ________.
32．仿佛世界末日即将来临。
It ______ ______ _______ the world were coming to an end.
33．你会获得你从未获得过的体验。
You’ll gain the experience ________ ________ ________ ________.
34．他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。
They _______________the burning building.
35．我突然想到，我们应该制订一个新的方案。
________ ________ ________ that we should work out a new plan.
三、根据汉语意思填写单词
36．Both students have made quite a few experiments on ________(电).
37．It is said that a team of soldiers were sent to the area ________(影响) by the flood.
38．His head ________ (撞) the bottom when he dived into the 6-feet end of the pool.
39．They had accidentally damaged a gas __________(管子) while drilling.
40．The whole country is looking forward to the ________(营救) of the miners.
41．A fisherman is trying to ________ (幸存) a storm.
42．He says it’s like a volcano ready to ________(喷发).
43．We will __________(遭受) hardship in our life, but we should stick to our dream and work hard to realise it.
44．As far as I’m concerned, our success is the fruit of everyone’s ________ (智慧).
45．Could you help me write a ________(概要) of this passage and send it to me on Monday?
46．After the big fire, the house lay in ________(废墟)
47．Before I went off to university, my father gave me a few words of ________(智慧).
48．The town was completely ______ (毁灭) by a flood but was soon rebuilt in a year.
49．Because of the ________(洪水), the number of homeless people has increased rapidly.
50．They have received notice of an approaching ________ (台风).
高考能力提升
四、阅读理解
A
Here’s how the Pacific Northwest is preparing for “The Big One”. It’s the mother of all disaster drills for
what could be the worst disaster in American history. California has spent years preparing for “The Big One”—
the inevitable earthquake that will undoubtedly bring about all kinds of damage along the famous San Andreas
fault. But what if the fault that runs along the Pacific Northwest delivers a gigantic earthquake of its own? If the
people of the Cascadia region have anything to do with it, they won’t be caught unawares.
The region is engaged in a multi-day earthquake-and-tsunami drill involving around 20, 000 people. The
Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance to practice what to do in case of a 9.
0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nation’s dangerous and underestimated faults.
3The Cascadia Earthquake Zone is big enough to compete with San Andreas (it’s been called the most
dangerous fault in America), but it’s much lesser known than its California cousin. Nearly 700 miles long, the
earthquake zone is located by the North American Plate off the coast of Pacific British Columbia. Washington,
Oregon and Northern California.
Cascadia is what’s known as a “megathrust” fault. Megathrusts are created in subduction zones(俯冲带)—
plate tectonic(板块构造)boundaries where two plates converge(相交). In the areas where one plate is beneath
another, stress builds up over time. During a megathrust event, all of that stress releases and some of the world’s
most powerful earthquake occur. Remember the 9. I earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean off Sumatra in
2004? It was caused by a megathrust event as the India plate moved beneath the Burma micro-plate.
The last time a major earthquake occurred along the Cascadia fault was in 1700, so officials worry that
another event could occur any time. To prevent that event from becoming a severe disaster, first responders will
join members of the public in rehearsals that involve communication, evacuation, search and rescue, and other
possible situations.
Thousands of casualties(伤亡人员) are expected if a 9. 0 earthquake were to occur. First, the earthquake
would shake metropolitan areas including Seattle and Portland. This could cause a tsunami that would create
damage along the coast. Not all casualties can necessarily be prevented - but by coordinating across local, state,
and even national borders, officials hope that the worst-case situation can be prevented. On the exercise’s website,
officials explain that the report they prepare during this rehearsal will inform disaster management for years to
come.
For hundreds of thousands of Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn’t a question of if, only when. And it’s
never too early to get ready for the inevitable.
51．What does “The Big One” refer to?
A．A gigantic geological fault in America.
B．A large-scale drill to prepare for disasters.
C．A massive and destructive natural disaster.
D．Mass destruction caused by the earthquake.
52．What is the purpose of the Cascadia Rising drill?
A．To prepare people for a major earthquake and tsunami.
B．To increase residents’awareness of upcoming disasters.
C．To teach people now how adapt to post-disaster life.
D．To cope with the aftermath of a possible earthquake.
53．What happens in case of a megathrust earthquake according to the passage?
A．Two plates merge into one. B．A variety of forces converge.
C．Boundaries blur between plates. D．Enormous stress is released.
54．What can we learn from the passage?
A．A large-scale drill is supposed to prevent deaths in the earthquake.
B．San Andreas fault once delivered a 9. 1 earthquake in the Indian Ocean.
C．No massive earthquake is expected to strike Califomia in the near future.
D．Disaster-relief efforts at different levels may help reduce possible losses.
答案第4页，共2页B
Lightning(闪电) strikes more than eight million times a day worldwide. That’s about 93 times per second.
What a phenomenon!
How hot is a lightning bolt? About 50, 000°F-five times hotter than the surface of the sun. Yes, it really can
rain frogs, fish, and other decidedly odd things. It’s a rare meteorological(气象学的) event, but scientists say
strong winds from a tornado or from a storm can be powerful enough to drive animals and objects high into the
air, and they have to comedown eventually.
It is a bad idea to take a shower during a thunderstorm. If lightning hits your house, it can travel through your
plumbing(管道设备) and shock anyone who comes into contact with water flowing through it. People have been
shocked or killed while bathing, washing dishes and clothes. This is also why indoor pools often close during
storms. Rubber tires are not what protect you from lightning when you’re in your car. You’re protected because
when lightning hits a car, it travels around the outside of the metal structure to get to the ground. Just be careful
not to touch any metal areas inside.
Lightning can strike the same place twice—and it often does, especially objects that are tall, pointy, and
separated. The Empire State Building, for example, is hit almost 100 times a year, according to the CDC．
You can be struck by lightning even when it’s no training. About 10 percent of lightning strikes take place
when there’s no rainfall. In the 1980s, NASA flew one airplane through 1.496 thunderstorms. It was struck by
lightning more than 700 times. Today, a commercial airplane will be hit by lightning about once a year on average,
typically with no ill effects. It has been decades since a U.S. airliner has crashed as a result of a lightning strike.
To deal with such a frequent phenomenon, every day, twice a day, weather trackers, at the same time, launch
giant balloons from almost 900 locations worldwide. The balloons measure above ground weather data such as
temperature, humidity(湿气), and wind speed, and they provide vital information that meteorologists use to make
forecasts and predict lightning.
55．What can lightning lead to according to the text?
A．Burning everything. B．Raining animals.
C．Shocking everybody outdoors. D．Hitting an object for once.
56．What is the right thing to do during a lightning strike?
A．Take abath at home. B．Swim in a pool.
C．Avoid metal things. D．Stand under at all tree.
57．What can be inferred from the text?
A．No sign of rainfall means no lightning.
B．Efforts have been made to keep aircraft safe.
C．Commercial planes can escape lightning hits.
D．The Empire State Building faces most lightning strikes.
58．What reduces the damage of a lightning strike?
A．Lightning location. B．Measurement balloons.
C．Changing wind direction. D．Weather forecast and prediction.
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
5Floods are common and frequently destructive natural events that annually affect around 250 million people
worldwide. Though the causes of floods — usually heavy rainfall or 59 (melt) show — are unavoidable,
knowledge of the correct procedures before, during and after a flood can make 60 difference.
Before a flood occurs, we must work to reduce the risk to people and their 61 (valuable). Firstly, you
should prepare disaster supplies 62 include a light source, sleeping bags, warm clothes, and most
importantly, at least three days of food and drinking water. Secondly, you should bring the most important objects
to the upper levels of your house, ensuring that they will be less likely 63 (ruin).
During a flood, it’s important to leave 64 you are immediately. The longer you stay, the more danger
you’ll be in. Be sure to move to 65 (high) ground. If you’re already inside a building, move to the upper
floor. Don’t walk or drive through the moving floodwater, since as little as 15 centimeters of moving water 66
(be) enough to knock down an adult, and 60 centimeters can wash most cars away.
67 a flood, be attentive enough to official news reports to find out when it’s safe to return to your
home. As you return home, watch out for possible dangers. The flood may have damaged roads and power lines
already. Keep away from the 68 (pollute) flood water as it may be unsafe to touch.
六、告知信/通知
69．假设你是李华，这个周日你们学校将举行地震知识讲座，请你写一封邮件告知来自英国的交换生
Jim。内容包括：
1. 时间、地点、主讲人及参加对象；
2. 讲座意义；
3. 注意事项。
注意：写作词数应在80词左右。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
七、读后续写
70．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As Hurricane Lan bore down on Florida, many residents who stayed put found themselves unable to leave
even if they tried. For hours they were forced to fight heavy winds and attempt to escape flooding inside long-
loved homes that had become frightening, deadly traps. Within days, around 100 deaths in the state would be
attributed to the hurricane, many of them were older residents who drowned.
When the water slipped in under the door of their home, it was just a glimmer on the floor, a sign that it was
time to go. It was Wednesday, Sept.28, around noon, and Bishop woke up her two brothers, who had been resting
after lunch. She pulled the wheelchair up to the oldest, Russell, 67. Her other brother, Todd, 63, could manage
with a walker.
答案第6页，共2页Both men had been born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫), and their mental development was like that of a young
child. About 10 years ago, they started showing signs of Parkinson’s disease. But they found joy in their
surroundings. Todd liked collecting cans at the beach. Russell loved riding the bus and going to parks. Bishop, 61,
was their lifeline, their little sister who had long felt an obligation to keep them safe.
“We’ve got to get going!” she shouted to them. She went to open the front door. It would not move. The
weight of the water on the other side had made it shut. She rushed to try the door to the garage. It, too, was stuck.
That’s when the house began to flood. It went from ankle-deep to knee-deep in less than five minutes. Bishop
knew that there was no way out.
Now Bishop and her brothers were trapped. At 12:34 p.m., she called 911 but couldn’t get through. There
was no one she could get in touch with. To try her fortune, she texted a neighbor, Walters, who was always there
when neighbors were in need, “Water’s coming in.” Around her, she could hear the dining room hutch (餐具柜)
tipping and crashing, the china breaking, the refrigerator toppling over.
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The only way to go was up, so Bishop guided her two bothers to the stairs.
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___________________________________________________________________________________________
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______________________
Bishop sank into despair, but she noticed it seemed water stopped coming in.
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7
