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单元提升卷 05 Unit 4 Natural Disasters
单元基础知识巩固
拓展词汇变形
1. rescue n．&vt. 营救；救援→rescuer n. 营救人员；救援人员
2. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survivor n. 幸存者；生还者→survival n. 幸存；生还
3. death n. 死；死亡→die vi. 死；死亡→dead adj. 死的；无生命的→dying adj. 垂死的；临终的
4. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shocked adj. 震惊的→shocking adj. 令人震惊的
5. breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸→breath n．呼吸
6. revive vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏
7. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受苦者
8. wisdom n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的；有智慧的→wisely adv. 明智地；有智慧地
9. sweep vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫→(过去式)swept→(过去分词)swept
10. strike vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击→(过去式)struck→(过去分词)struck/stricken
11. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj. 强大的；强有力的→powerless adj. 无力的；没
有能力的；无权力的
12. erupt vi.&vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n. 爆发
13. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静→calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地
14. deliver vt.&vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 递送；传达
15. effect n. 影响；结果；效果→effective adj. 有效的
16. length n. 长；长度→long adj. 长的→lengthen vt. 加长
核心短语互译
1. refer to 指的是；参考，查阅；提到 14. in the open air 露天；在户外
2. used to 过去常常 15. on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
3. set up 建立 16. stay/keep calm 保持平静
4. at least 至少 17. stay away from 远离
5. as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 18. make sure 确保
6. in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 19. fight the fire 扑火
7. in shock 震惊；吃惊 20. floodhit area 洪灾地区
8. blow away 吹走；刮走 21. rescue worker 营救人员
9. come to an end 结束 22. hundreds of 成百上千的
10. fall down 倒塌 23. nothing but 只有；仅仅
11. cut across 穿过；贯穿；抄近路 24. dig out 挖出
12. as usual 和往常一样 25. the number of …… 的数量
13. sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1．With no rain for over a year, the city is suffering ________ unusually hot weather.
2．Given the fast pace of the job market now, 21st century employees are faced with challenges _______ their
parents never experienced.
3．On the hill were maple trees ________ leaves had turned red.
4．The crops died during the ________ (dry).
5．The earthquake should be responsible for the______ (dead) and loss.
6．The south of the country ________(affect) by the flood last year.
7．Temperature and the ______ (long) of day are traditionally accepted as the main factors in affecting when
leaves change colour and fall.
8．_______ summary, it is my opinion that the whole process of treatment was very successful.
9．Many Lithuanians have expressed doubts about the ________ (wise) of the decision.
10．Below is a ________ (summarize) of what we talked about.
11．What he did had a bad ________(affect) on children’s behaviour.
12．What ________(strike) her was that the beauty of the place was beyond description.
13．It was really a terrifying experience. Afterwards everybody was very ________(shock).
14．Although the polite British approach to ________ (deliver) jokes means that sometimes it’s difficult to even
tell if it is a joke or not.
15．Hold your ________(breathe) for a count of five, then slowly breathe out.
16．Medical workers were asked to give up their holidays because of the national ________(emerge).
17．Quite a few people used to believe _____ (disaster) were sure to strike if a mirror was broken.
18．The whole village ______(destroy) in the sudden flood last year, leaving nothing to the native people.
19．My new white dress was totally ______(ruin) by the dirty water.
20．She used an umbrella to take shelter ______ the burning sun.
21．He has great difficulty in catching ______(he) breath.
22．She received many letters of support from fellow__________(suffer).
23．The brain requires constant ______(supply) of oxygen.
24．In the traffic accident, the _______________(survive) were all badly injured.
25．All things there gave him a feeling of security and ______(calm).
26．Please evacuate the building _________(immediate).
27．The criminal escaped ________ helicopter.
28．The officials ___________ (helicopter) aboard the ship.
29．The farm came to him on his father’s death, but he was not ________ (interest) in being a farmer.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 答案第2页，共2页30．She was ________ (deep) affected by the sad story.
二、完成句子
31．多年的战斗使这个村庄严重受损。
Years of fighting have left the village________ ________.
32．仿佛世界末日即将来临。
It ______ ______ _______ the world were coming to an end.
33．你会获得你从未获得过的体验。
You’ll gain the experience ________ ________ ________ ________.
34．他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。
They _______________the burning building.
35．我突然想到，我们应该制订一个新的方案。
________ ________ ________ that we should work out a new plan.
三、根据汉语意思填写单词
36．Both students have made quite a few experiments on ________(电).
37．It is said that a team of soldiers were sent to the area ________(影响) by the flood.
38．His head ________ (撞) the bottom when he dived into the 6-feet end of the pool.
39．They had accidentally damaged a gas __________(管子) while drilling.
40．The whole country is looking forward to the ________(营救) of the miners.
41．A fisherman is trying to ________ (幸存) a storm.
42．He says it’s like a volcano ready to ________(喷发).
43．We will __________(遭受) hardship in our life, but we should stick to our dream and work hard to realise it.
44．As far as I’m concerned, our success is the fruit of everyone’s ________ (智慧).
45．Could you help me write a ________(概要) of this passage and send it to me on Monday?
46．After the big fire, the house lay in ________(废墟)
47．Before I went off to university, my father gave me a few words of ________(智慧).
48．The town was completely ______ (毁灭) by a flood but was soon rebuilt in a year.
49．Because of the ________(洪水), the number of homeless people has increased rapidly.
50．They have received notice of an approaching ________ (台风).
参考答案：
1．from
【详解】考查介词。句意：由于一年多没有下雨，这座城市正遭受着异常炎热的天气。分析句子结构可
知，此处应为固定短语suffer from意为“遭受”符合句意。故填from。
2．that/which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：鉴于现在就业市场的快节奏，21世纪的员工面临着他们的父辈从未经历
过的挑战。此处为限制性定语从句修饰先行词challenges，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that/which引
导句子，故填that/which。
3．whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：山上有枫树，它们的叶子都变红了。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，
修饰先行词maple trees，指物，且maple trees和leaves之间是所属关系，表示“这些枫树的叶子”，应用
whose引导从句，作定语。故填whose。
4．drought
【详解】考查名词。句意：庄稼在干旱期间枯死了。分析句子，设空处使用dry的名词drought作宾语，
意为“干旱”。故填drought。
5．death
【详解】考查名词。句意：地震应该对死亡和损失负责。根据空前定冠词“the”及空后“and loss”可知，
此处用名词death，与名词loss并列作介词for的宾语。故填death。
6．was affected
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：去年该国南部受洪水影响。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根
据时间状语last year可知，此处应使用一般过去时态，affect与句子主语The south of the country之间为被
动关系，所以此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态，句子主语为第三人称单数。故填was affected。
7．length
【详解】考查名词。句意：温度和白天的时长素来被认为是影响树叶何时变色和凋落的主要因素。空处
与Temperature并列，在句中作主语，故应填名词length“长度”，the length of“……的长度”。故填
length。
8．In
【详解】考查介词。句意：总之，我认为整个治疗过程是非常成功的。in summary总之，固定短语，首
字母应大写。故填In。
9．wisdom
【详解】考查名词。句意：许多立陶宛人对这一决定是否明智表示怀疑。结合空前的the可知，此处应填
名词形式作介词about的宾语，wisdom智慧，不可数名词，故填wisdom。
10．summary
【详解】考查名词。句意：下面是我们讨论的摘要。a后跟可数名词的单数形式，summarize的名词是
summary，意为“摘要，总结”，故填summary。
11．effect
【详解】考查名词。句意：他的所作所为对孩子们的行为产生了不良影响。分析句子结构和意思可知，
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 答案第4页，共2页这里需要名词effect，作宾语，前面有冠词a，名词用单数。故填effect。
12．struck
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：令她印象深刻的是，那地方美得难以形容。分析句子可知，设空处在
what引导的主语从句中作谓语，应用动词，结合其他谓语动词时态可知，此处应用一般过去时，表示过
去发生的事。故填struck。
13．shocked
【详解】考查形容词。句意：那真是一次可怕的经历。后来每个人都很震惊。分析句子可知，设空处在
句中作表语，结合句意可知，此处指每个人都“感到震惊”，修饰人，应用-ed结尾的形容词shocked。
故填shocked。
14．delivering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管英国人讲笑话的礼貌方式意味着有时甚至很难辦别出这是不是笑
话。短语approach to做……的方法，to是介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。故填delivering。
15．breath
【详解】考查名词。句意：屏住气息数五下，然后慢慢地呼气。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作宾语，
应用名词，hold one’s breath为固定短语，表示“屏住呼吸”。故填 breath。
16．emergency
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于国家处于紧急状态，医务人员被要求放弃休假。空处需填名词
emergency，作宾语。故填emergency。
17．disasters
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：过去有不少人认为，如果镜子摔坏了，灾难一定会降临。此处作宾语从
句的主语，应用名词，根据谓语动词were可知，主语为复数。故填disasters。
18．was destroyed
【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：整个村庄在去年突然的洪水中被毁了，当地人什么也没留
下。村庄是被毁，由last year可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即
was/were done，主语village是单数，因此空格处是was destroyed。故填was destroyed。
19．ruined
【详解】考查语态。句意：我的新白裙子完全被脏水给毁了。主语My new white dress与ruin之间为被动
关系，所以was后用动词的过去分词形式，构成一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意，故填ruined。
20．from
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：她用一把伞挡住烈日。shelter from为固定搭配，表示“保护、防止”，
此处指挡住烈日。故填from。
21．his【详解】考查代词。句意：他很难屏住呼吸。此处为catch one's breath“屏住呼吸”，且主语为he，故应
用形容词性物主代词his，故填his。
22．sufferers
【详解】考查名词。句意：她收到了许多受害者的支持信。分析句子可知，空处放在介词from后，应用
名词作宾语，结合句意可知，她收到了来自受害者的支持信，sufferer受害者，此处不止一个，用复数形
式。故填sufferers。
23．supplies
【详解】考查名词。句意：大脑需要持续的供氧。supply为可数名词，前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填
supplies。
24．survivors
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：在交通事故中，幸存者全部受重伤。此处做主语表示“幸存者”应用名
词survivor，且根据下文were可知应用复数形式。故填survivors。
25．calmness
【详解】考查名词。句意：那里的一切都给了他一种安全和平静的感觉。在介词of后应用名词calmness
表示“平静”，抽象概念，不可数。故填calmness。
26．immediately
【详解】考查副词。句意：请立即撤离大楼。修饰动词evacuate应用副词immediately，作状语。故填
immediately。
27．from
【详解】考查介词。句意：罪犯从直升机上逃走了。短语escape from表示“从……逃走”，故填from。
28．were helicoptered
【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：官员们乘直升飞机上了船。官员们被用直升机送上船，句
子用被动语态，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语
officials是复数，因此空格处是were helicoptered。故填were helicoptered。
29．interested
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他父亲死后，他继承了农场，但他对当农民不感兴趣。根据句意及所给句
子可知，此处是固定搭配be interested in“对……感兴趣”，形容词作表语。故填interested。
30．deeply
【详解】考查副词。句意：她深受这个悲伤故事的影响。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，结
合句意可知，此处表示抽象意义的“深深地”，所以使用deeply。故填deeply。
31． in ruins
【详解】考查介词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示“严重受损”，应用介词短语为in ruins。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 答案第6页，共2页故填①in；②ruins。
32． seemed as if/though
【详解】考查固定句型。根据中文意思可知，空处表示的意思为“仿佛”，应用固定句型seem as
if/though，as if/though引导表语从句，根据从句时态可知，主句使用一般过去时，seem应为seemed。故
填①seemed；②as；③if/though。
33． you have never got
【详解】考查定语从句、时态和副词。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“experience”，
指事物，“you”表示“你”，作从句主语，从句应用现在完成时，表示到现在为止，从未获得过的体验，
“you”与“have”连用，“never”意为“从未”，副词词性，“get”意为“获得”，动词词性，过去分词为
“got”，从句中缺少宾语，故应用“that”或“which”引导从句，可省略，“you have never got”表示“你从
未获得过的”。故填you; have; never; got。
34．were trapped in
【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。主谓一致，表示“被
困”用一般过去时的被动语态were trapped，动词trap和主语是被动关系；表示“在……里面”用介词
in。故填were trapped in。
35． It struck/hit me
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据汉语可知，句子应该是在描述过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去
时。空处表示“我突然想到”，可用固定句型“it struck/hit sb. that+从句”，“我”用me，且第一空位于
句首，首字母需大写。故依次可填It、struck/hit、me。
36．electricity
【详解】考查名词。句意：两个学生都做了不少关于电的实验。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词
electricity“电力”，作宾语。满足句意要求。故填electricity。
37．affected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说一队士兵被派往受洪水影响的地区。“影响”是affect，that引导
的主语从句中谓语是were sent，空格处用非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词area，与其逻辑主语area之
间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，故填affected。
38．struck
【详解】考查动词。句意：当他跳入6英尺深的泳池时，头撞到池底。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓
语动词，所以空处填动词，根据所给中文提示词应是strike意为“撞”，根据后文的dived可知用一般过
去时。故填struck。
39．pipe
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们在钻探时意外损坏了一根煤气管道。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用名词pipe，可数名词，作宾语，由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填pipe。
40．rescue
【详解】考查名词。句意：全国人民都在盼望着营救矿工们。根据“of the miners”和汉语提示可知，空处
应用名词rescue，作looking forward to的宾语，和of the miners搭配，表示“营救矿工们”，且此处特指
对矿工们的营救，rescue用单数形式。故填rescue。
41．survive
【详解】考查动词。句意：一个渔夫在暴风雨中挣扎求生。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式的标
志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据所给中文提示词，应是survive意为“幸存”。故填survive。
42．erupt
【详解】考查动词。句意：他说它就像一座即将喷发的火山。根据词义“喷发”可知，应填动词erupt，
be ready to do：准备做某事，故填erupt。
43．suffer
【详解】考查动词。句意：在我们的生活中，我们会遭受苦难，但我们应该坚持我们的梦想，努力实现
它。根据“hardship”和汉语提示可知，空处应用动词suffer，表示“遭受苦难”，且空前已有情态动词
will，suffer应用原形。故填suffer。
44．wisdom
【详解】考查名词。句意：在我看来，我们的成功是每个人智慧的结晶。分析句子可知，“智慧”为名
词wisdom，作介词of的宾语，为不可数名词。故填wisdom。
45．summary
【详解】考查名词。句意：你能帮我写一篇这篇文章的摘要并在星期一寄给我吗？根据空格前的冠词 a
可知，空格处应填名词单数形式，根据汉语提示“概要”是summary，为可数名词。故填summary。
46．ruins
【详解】考查名词。句意：大火过后，房子成了一片废墟。根据汉语意思提示可知，名词ruin“废墟”符
合题意，此处为介词短语in ruins“成为废墟”。故填ruins。
47．wisdom
【详解】考查名词。句意：在我去上大学之前，我父亲给了我几句至理名言。分析句子结构可知，此处
应为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“智慧”应为wisdom，且为不可数名词，words of wisdom意为
“至理名言”。故填wisdom。
48．destroyed
【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：这个城镇被洪水完全摧毁了，但很快在一年内就重建了。“毁灭”是
句中谓语，用动词destroy表示，与主语The town之间是被动动词，用过去分词destroyed与助动词was构
成一般过去时的被动语态。故填destroyed。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 答案第8页，共2页49．flood
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于这场洪水，流离失所的人的数量激增。根据汉语提示“洪水”可知，空
处需填名词flood，作介词宾语。故填flood。
50．typhoon
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们已收到一个台风即将来临的通知。根据汉语提示可知，此处用名词
typhoon，作宾语。故填typhoon。
高考能力提升
四、阅读理解
A
Here’s how the Pacific Northwest is preparing for “The Big One”. It’s the mother of all disaster drills for
what could be the worst disaster in American history. California has spent years preparing for “The Big One”—
the inevitable earthquake that will undoubtedly bring about all kinds of damage along the famous San Andreas
fault. But what if the fault that runs along the Pacific Northwest delivers a gigantic earthquake of its own? If the
people of the Cascadia region have anything to do with it, they won’t be caught unawares.
The region is engaged in a multi-day earthquake-and-tsunami drill involving around 20, 000 people. The
Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance to practice what to do in case of a 9.
0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nation’s dangerous and underestimated faults.
The Cascadia Earthquake Zone is big enough to compete with San Andreas (it’s been called the most
dangerous fault in America), but it’s much lesser known than its California cousin. Nearly 700 miles long, the
earthquake zone is located by the North American Plate off the coast of Pacific British Columbia. Washington,
Oregon and Northern California.
Cascadia is what’s known as a “megathrust” fault. Megathrusts are created in subduction zones(俯冲带)—
plate tectonic(板块构造)boundaries where two plates converge(相交). In the areas where one plate is beneath
another, stress builds up over time. During a megathrust event, all of that stress releases and some of the world’s
most powerful earthquake occur. Remember the 9. I earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean off Sumatra in
2004? It was caused by a megathrust event as the India plate moved beneath the Burma micro-plate.
The last time a major earthquake occurred along the Cascadia fault was in 1700, so officials worry that
another event could occur any time. To prevent that event from becoming a severe disaster, first responders will
join members of the public in rehearsals that involve communication, evacuation, search and rescue, and other
possible situations.
Thousands of casualties(伤亡人员) are expected if a 9. 0 earthquake were to occur. First, the earthquakewould shake metropolitan areas including Seattle and Portland. This could cause a tsunami that would create
damage along the coast. Not all casualties can necessarily be prevented - but by coordinating across local, state,
and even national borders, officials hope that the worst-case situation can be prevented. On the exercise’s website,
officials explain that the report they prepare during this rehearsal will inform disaster management for years to
come.
For hundreds of thousands of Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn’t a question of if, only when. And it’s
never too early to get ready for the inevitable.
51．What does “The Big One” refer to?
A．A gigantic geological fault in America.
B．A large-scale drill to prepare for disasters.
C．A massive and destructive natural disaster.
D．Mass destruction caused by the earthquake.
52．What is the purpose of the Cascadia Rising drill?
A．To prepare people for a major earthquake and tsunami.
B．To increase residents’awareness of upcoming disasters.
C．To teach people now how adapt to post-disaster life.
D．To cope with the aftermath of a possible earthquake.
53．What happens in case of a megathrust earthquake according to the passage?
A．Two plates merge into one. B．A variety of forces converge.
C．Boundaries blur between plates. D．Enormous stress is released.
54．What can we learn from the passage?
A．A large-scale drill is supposed to prevent deaths in the earthquake.
B．San Andreas fault once delivered a 9. 1 earthquake in the Indian Ocean.
C．No massive earthquake is expected to strike Califomia in the near future.
D．Disaster-relief efforts at different levels may help reduce possible losses.
B
Lightning(闪电) strikes more than eight million times a day worldwide. That’s about 93 times per second.
What a phenomenon!
How hot is a lightning bolt? About 50, 000°F-five times hotter than the surface of the sun. Yes, it really can
rain frogs, fish, and other decidedly odd things. It’s a rare meteorological(气象学的) event, but scientists say
strong winds from a tornado or from a storm can be powerful enough to drive animals and objects high into the
air, and they have to comedown eventually.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 答案第10页，共2页It is a bad idea to take a shower during a thunderstorm. If lightning hits your house, it can travel through your
plumbing(管道设备) and shock anyone who comes into contact with water flowing through it. People have been
shocked or killed while bathing, washing dishes and clothes. This is also why indoor pools often close during
storms. Rubber tires are not what protect you from lightning when you’re in your car. You’re protected because
when lightning hits a car, it travels around the outside of the metal structure to get to the ground. Just be careful
not to touch any metal areas inside.
Lightning can strike the same place twice—and it often does, especially objects that are tall, pointy, and
separated. The Empire State Building, for example, is hit almost 100 times a year, according to the CDC．
You can be struck by lightning even when it’s no training. About 10 percent of lightning strikes take place
when there’s no rainfall. In the 1980s, NASA flew one airplane through 1.496 thunderstorms. It was struck by
lightning more than 700 times. Today, a commercial airplane will be hit by lightning about once a year on average,
typically with no ill effects. It has been decades since a U.S. airliner has crashed as a result of a lightning strike.
To deal with such a frequent phenomenon, every day, twice a day, weather trackers, at the same time, launch
giant balloons from almost 900 locations worldwide. The balloons measure above ground weather data such as
temperature, humidity(湿气), and wind speed, and they provide vital information that meteorologists use to make
forecasts and predict lightning.
55．What can lightning lead to according to the text?
A．Burning everything. B．Raining animals.
C．Shocking everybody outdoors. D．Hitting an object for once.
56．What is the right thing to do during a lightning strike?
A．Take abath at home. B．Swim in a pool.
C．Avoid metal things. D．Stand under at all tree.
57．What can be inferred from the text?
A．No sign of rainfall means no lightning.
B．Efforts have been made to keep aircraft safe.
C．Commercial planes can escape lightning hits.
D．The Empire State Building faces most lightning strikes.
58．What reduces the damage of a lightning strike?
A．Lightning location. B．Measurement balloons.
C．Changing wind direction. D．Weather forecast and prediction.
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Floods are common and frequently destructive natural events that annually affect around 250 million people
worldwide. Though the causes of floods — usually heavy rainfall or 59 (melt) show — are unavoidable,
knowledge of the correct procedures before, during and after a flood can make 60 difference.
Before a flood occurs, we must work to reduce the risk to people and their 61 (valuable). Firstly, you
should prepare disaster supplies 62 include a light source, sleeping bags, warm clothes, and most
importantly, at least three days of food and drinking water. Secondly, you should bring the most important objects
to the upper levels of your house, ensuring that they will be less likely 63 (ruin).
During a flood, it’s important to leave 64 you are immediately. The longer you stay, the more danger
you’ll be in. Be sure to move to 65 (high) ground. If you’re already inside a building, move to the upper
floor. Don’t walk or drive through the moving floodwater, since as little as 15 centimeters of moving water 66
(be) enough to knock down an adult, and 60 centimeters can wash most cars away.
67 a flood, be attentive enough to official news reports to find out when it’s safe to return to your
home. As you return home, watch out for possible dangers. The flood may have damaged roads and power lines
already. Keep away from the 68 (pollute) flood water as it may be unsafe to touch.
六、告知信/通知
69．假设你是李华，这个周日你们学校将举行地震知识讲座，请你写一封邮件告知来自英国的交换生
Jim。内容包括：
1. 时间、地点、主讲人及参加对象；
2. 讲座意义；
3. 注意事项。
注意：写作词数应在80词左右。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
七、读后续写
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 答案第12页，共2页70．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As Hurricane Lan bore down on Florida, many residents who stayed put found themselves unable to leave
even if they tried. For hours they were forced to fight heavy winds and attempt to escape flooding inside long-
loved homes that had become frightening, deadly traps. Within days, around 100 deaths in the state would be
attributed to the hurricane, many of them were older residents who drowned.
When the water slipped in under the door of their home, it was just a glimmer on the floor, a sign that it was
time to go. It was Wednesday, Sept.28, around noon, and Bishop woke up her two brothers, who had been resting
after lunch. She pulled the wheelchair up to the oldest, Russell, 67. Her other brother, Todd, 63, could manage
with a walker.
Both men had been born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫), and their mental development was like that of a young
child. About 10 years ago, they started showing signs of Parkinson’s disease. But they found joy in their
surroundings. Todd liked collecting cans at the beach. Russell loved riding the bus and going to parks. Bishop, 61,
was their lifeline, their little sister who had long felt an obligation to keep them safe.
“We’ve got to get going!” she shouted to them. She went to open the front door. It would not move. The
weight of the water on the other side had made it shut. She rushed to try the door to the garage. It, too, was stuck.
That’s when the house began to flood. It went from ankle-deep to knee-deep in less than five minutes. Bishop
knew that there was no way out.
Now Bishop and her brothers were trapped. At 12:34 p.m., she called 911 but couldn’t get through. There
was no one she could get in touch with. To try her fortune, she texted a neighbor, Walters, who was always there
when neighbors were in need, “Water’s coming in.” Around her, she could hear the dining room hutch (餐具柜)
tipping and crashing, the china breaking, the refrigerator toppling over.
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The only way to go was up, so Bishop guided her two bothers to the stairs.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________
Bishop sank into despair, but she noticed it seemed water stopped coming in.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________
51．C 52．A 53．D 54．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卡斯卡迪亚地区的人们正在为有可能发生的地震和海啸做防范演
习。
51．推理判断题。根据第一段中“California has spent years preparing for “The Big One”— the inevitable
earthquake that will undoubtedly bring about all kinds of damage along the famous San Andreas fault. But what if
the fault that runs along the Pacific Northwest delivers a gigantic earthquake of its own? If the people of the
Cascadia region have anything to do with it, they won’t be caught unawares.”（加州已经为“大地震”做了多
年的准备——这场不可避免的地震无疑会给著名的圣安德烈亚斯断层带来各种破坏。但如果沿太平洋西
北方向的断层本身也引发了一场大地震呢？如果卡斯卡迪亚地区的人与此事有关，他们不会措手不及
的。）可推知，“Big One”指的是一场大规模的破坏性自然灾害。故选C项。
52．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a
chance to practice what to do in case of a 9. 0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nation’s
dangerous and underestimated faults.”（卡斯卡迪亚提升演练为当地居民和应急人员提供了一一次机会，让
他们练习如何应对美国危险的断层带可能发生的9.0级地震和海啸）可知，卡斯卡迪亚提升演习的目的是
什么让人们为大地震和海啸做好准备。故选A项。
53．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Megathrusts are created in subduction zones— plate tectonic boundaries
where two plates converge(相交). In the areas where one plate is beneath another, stress builds up over time.
During a megathrust event, all of that stress releases and some of the world’s most powerful earthquake occur.”
（巨型逆冲构造形成于俯冲带——两个板块交汇的板块构造边界。在一个板块在另一个板块下面的区域，
压力会随着时间的推移而增加。在一次大型逆冲活动中，所有的压力都会释放，世界上最强烈的地震就
会发生。）可知，根据文章，如果发生特大逆冲地震，巨大的压力将被释放。故选D项。
54．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Not all casualties can necessarily be prevented - but by coordinating
across local, state, and even national borders, officials hope that the worst-case situation can be prevented.”（并
不是所有的伤亡都可以避免，但通过地方、州甚至国家边界的协调，官员们希望可以避免最坏的情
况。）以及最后一段“For hundreds of thousands of Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn’t a question of if,
only when. And it’s never too early to get ready for the inevitable.”（对于成千上万的卡斯卡迪亚居民来说，
“大地震”不是会不会发生的问题，而是何时发生的问题。为不可避免的事情做好准备永远不会太
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 答案第14页，共2页早。）可推知，不同层次的救灾努力可能有助于减少可能的损失。故选D项。
55．B 56．C 57．B 58．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章讨论了闪电的各个方面。闪电是一种世界范围内的常见现象，每天
大约发生800万次，其温度可能比太阳表面还要高。这篇文章还强调了闪电的奇怪现象，以及提到了安
全问题，最后，文章解释了气象追踪者发射气球来收集气象数据和预测闪电。
55．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yes, it really can rain frogs, fish, and other decidedly odd things. (是的，它
真的可以下青蛙、鱼和其他绝对奇怪的东西。)”可知，它真的可以下青蛙、鱼和其他绝对奇怪的东西。故
选B。
56．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ Rubber tires are not what protect you from lightning when you're in your
car. You're protected because when lightning hits a car, it travels around the outside of the metal structure to get to
the ground. Just be careful not to touch any metal areas inside.(当你在车里的时候，橡胶轮胎并不能保护你免
受雷击。你受到了保护，因为当闪电击中汽车时，它会绕过金属结构的外部到达地面。只是要小心不要
碰里面的金属区域。)”可知，闪电的时候，要避免触碰金属区域。故选C。
57．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“To deal with such a frequent phenomenon, every day, twice a day, weather
trackers, at the same time, launch giant balloons from almost 900 locations worldwide. The balloons measure
above ground weather data such as temperature, humidity(湿气), and wind speed, and they provide vital
information that meteorologists use to make forecasts and predict lightning.(为了应对这种频繁的现象，天气追
踪者每天，每天两次，同时从全球近900个地点发射巨大的气球。这些气球测量地面上的天气数据，如
温度、湿度和风速，并为气象学家提供重要信息，用于预测和预测闪电。)”可知，为了保证飞机的安全，
已经做出了努力。故选B。
58．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“To deal with such a frequent phenomenon, every day, twice a day, weather
trackers, at the same time, launch giant balloons from almost 900 locations worldwide. The balloons measure
above ground weather data such as temperature, humidity(湿气), and wind speed, and they provide vital
information that meteorologists use to make forecasts and predict lightning.(为了应对这种频繁的现象，天气追
踪者每天，每天两次，同时从全球近900个地点发射巨大的气球。这些气球测量地面上的天气数据，如
温度、湿度和风速，并为气象学家提供重要信息，用于预测和预测闪电。)”可知，天气预报和预测闪电能
够减少雷击造成的伤害。故选D。
59．melted 60．a 61．values 62．that/which 63．to be ruined 64．where 65．higher
66．is 67．After 68．polluted【导语】这是一篇说明文。洪水是一种常见且经常具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人。虽
然造成洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或冰雪融化——是不可避免的，但了解洪水发生之前、期间和之后的
正确处理程序可以起到重要作用。
59．考查形容词。句意：虽然造成洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或融化的冰雪——是不可避免的，但了解
洪水发生之前、期间和之后的正确处理程序可以起到重要作用。修饰名词snow应用形容词melted，作定
语。故填melted。
60．考查冠词。句意：虽然造成洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或融化的冰雪——是不可避免的，但了解洪
水发生之前、期间和之后的正确处理程序可以起到重要作用。表示“起到重要作用”短语为make a
difference。故填a。
61．考查名词的数。句意：在洪水发生之前，我们必须努力减少对人民及其价值观的威胁。根据上文
their可知应用复数形式。故填values。
62．考查定语从句。句意：首先，你应该准备救灾物资，包括光源、睡袋、保暖衣服，最重要的是，至
少三天的食物和饮用水。定语从句修饰先行词supplies，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。
63．考查非谓语动词。句意：其次，你应该把最重要的物品带到你房子的上层，确保它们不太可能被破
坏。此处为短语be likely to do sth.，且they与ruin构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be
ruined。
64．考查宾语从句。句意：在洪水期间，立即离开你所在的地方是很重要的。引导宾语从句，从句中表
示“你所在的地方”应用where引导。故填where。
65．考查比较级。句意：一定要搬到地势较高的地方。此处表示“更高的”应用比较级higher。故填
higher。
66．考查主谓一致。句意：不要在移动的洪水中行走或开车，因为只要15厘米的移动水就足以击倒一个
成年人，而60厘米的移动水可以将大多数汽车冲走。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，此处主语是15
centimeters of moving water，谓语用单数。故填is。
67．考查介词。句意：洪水过后，要留意官方的新闻报道，看看什么时候回家是安全的。表示“在……
之后”应用介词after，首字母大写。故填After。
68．考查形容词。句意：远离被污染的洪水，因为触摸它可能是不安全的。修饰后文flood water应用形
容词polluted，作定语。故填polluted。
69．Dear Jim,
How’s everything going? I’m writing to tell you something about a lecture about earthquake. Our school has
invited Professor Zhang, an expert in earthquake, to give us a lecture in the school hall at 9 o’clock on Sunday
morning. All the teachers and students are welcome to attend it.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 答案第16页，共2页Professor Zhang will share with us some knowledge about earthquakes, such as the cause and damage of it.
He will teach some important skills to protect ourselves during the earthquake. I strongly believe this lecture can
benefit us a lot as we can master the skills of survival in an earthquake.
By the way, you should wear a mask if you attend the lecture. And please arrive before 8:50.
Looking forward to meeting you this Sunday.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李华，这个周日你们学校将举行地震知识讲座，请你写一
封邮件告知来自英国的交换生Jim。内容包括：时间、地点、主讲人及参加对象；讲座意义；注意事项。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：attend→take part in
相信：believe→trust
对某人有好处：benefit sb.→be beneficial to sb.
掌握：master→grasp
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Our school has invited Professor Zhang, an expert in earthquake, to give us a lecture in the school hall at 9
o’clock on Sunday morning.
拓展句：Our school has invited Professor Zhang, who is an expert in earthquake, to give us a lecture in the
school hall at 9 o’clock on Sunday morning.
【点睛】[高分句型1] He will teach some important skills to protect ourselves during the earthquake. (运用了不
定式作后置定语)
[高分句型2] I strongly believe this lecture can benefit us a lot as we can master the skills of survival in an
earthquake.(运用了省略that引导的宾语从句和as引导的原因状语从句)
70．One possible version:
The only way to go was up, so Bishop guided her two bothers to the stairs. First she helped Todd pull himself
slowly up to the second floor, where he waited in a chair. But stairs were impossible for Russell, who could not
walk nor bend his stiff legs. Bishop tried hard to pull him up the stairs, but Russell was too heavy for her. She
tried every possible position, switching from pushing to pulling, but Russel was yelling “I can’t, I can’t” all the
time and he was slipping and sliding.
Bishop sank into despair, but she noticed it seemed water stopped coming in. Looking outside, everywhere
she saw it was water, and she could even see cars floating by. “Thank God, the wind and the rain stopped.” Ataround 6:30 p.m, Bishop heard a familiar voice calling outside, “Hello?! Hello?! Anyone in?” It was Walters.
Standing in waist-deep water, Walters instructed two of his friends to paddle the canoes near. Bishop held her
brothers tightly in her arms, crying “Thank God, Walters is coming to save us!”
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了飓风Lan袭击了佛罗里达州，几天之内，该州约有100人死于飓
风，其中许多是溺水身亡的老年居民，Bishop叫醒了两个哥哥，她的两个哥哥出生时都患有脑瘫，智力
发育就像一个小孩子，大约10年前，他们开始表现出帕金森病的迹象，由于水太多，Bishop打不开门，
Bishop和哥哥们被困住了，她给邻居Walters发了一条短信说屋里进水了，Walters在邻居有需要的时候总
是在那里。在她周围，她能听到餐厅的厨具被掀翻了，瓷器碎了，冰箱倒了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“唯一的出路就是上楼，所以Bishop带着她的两个哥哥上了楼梯。”可知，第一段
可描写Bishop如何尝试带哥哥上楼梯。
②由第二段首句内容“Bishop陷入了绝望，但她注意到水不再进来了。”可知，第二段可描写Bishop和
哥哥们如何获救。
2.续写线索：帮助Todd上楼——帮助拉Russell上楼——Russell上不 了楼——风雨停了——Walters赶到
——Walters指示朋友救人——Bishop和哥哥们得救
3.词汇激活
行为类
①帮助：help/assist
②拉：pull/draw
③指示：instruct/direct
情绪类
①感谢：thank/be grateful
②紧紧拥抱：hold...tightly in one’s arms/hug...tightly
【点睛】[高分句型1] First she helped Todd pull himself slowly up to the second floor, where he waited in a
chair. (由关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] But stairs were impossible for Russell, who could not walk nor bend his stiff legs. (由关系代词who
引导的非限制性定语从句)
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 答案第18页，共2页
