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单元提升卷 01 Unit 1 People of achievement
单元基础知识巩固
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. vital adj. 必不可少的; 极其重要的; 充满生机的
2. defeat n. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜
3. evaluate vt. 评价; 评估
4. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
5. encounter vt. 偶然碰到; 遇到n. 邂逅; 遭遇
6. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得; 赢得
vi. (规章、习俗等)存在; 流行
7. extraordinary adj. 不一般的; 非凡的; 意想不到的
8. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)
vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
9. infer vt. 推断; 推定
10. circumstance n. 条件; 环境; 状况
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→distinction n. 差别
2. novel n. (长篇)小说→novelist n. 小说家
3. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心
尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →commitment n. 承诺; 交托; 信奉
4. conclude v. 得出结论, 结束; 终止→conclusion n. 结论; 推论
5. apparent adj. 显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ apparently adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然
6. science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家→scientific adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的
7. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ academic adj. 学业的; 学术的
8. object n. 物体; 对象; 客体→objective n. 目标; 目的 adj. 客观的
9. botany n. 植物学→botanical adj. 植物学的
10. politic n. 政治学→politician n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客
III.核心短语
1. with the objective of (doing) 以(做)……为目的
2. insist on 坚决要求
3. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗4. come to power (开始)掌权; 上台
5. take up a position 担任; 任职
6. sum up 总结; 概括
7. get stuck 进入僵局; 被卡住
8. by chance 偶然; 意外地
9. lead to 导致, 通向
10. stand up to 经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对
一、单句语法填空
1．Parents are more willing (acknowledge) their children as adults when they behave like adults.
2．It is vital importance that you follow all safety rules.
3．There are no obvious (distinct) between the two designs.
4．That’s the (conclude) scientists in Cambridge have drawn from an experiment with tens of
thousands of volunteers.
5．With her luggage in her hands, the girl stood looking round in all directions, but (apparent) no one
had come to meet her.
6．The young scientist has just published a paper in the journal Nature (analyse) the fires.
7．Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, (commit) citizens can change the world; indeed, it is
the only thing that ever has.
8．This volume of essays was designed (accompany) an exhibition in Seattle.
9．This is an exciting moment for us, our astronauts successfully landed on Mars.
10．He is the first to win such a big prize, father was out of work at that time.
11．She came close to Dorothy and kissed her (gentle) on the forehead.
12．It was (courage) of her to go into the burning building to save the child.
13．He made an important (contribute) to the debate which was held last week.
14．The robot was made by Boston Dynamics, a company (found) in 1992 by a professor.
15．An Olympic silver medal is a (remark) achievement for one so young.
16．The success of the novels has made her the most highly paid (novel) in history.
17．The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged (参与) in (academy)
life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources.
18．The locals obtained profit foreign visitors wanting to buy up property on their beautiful island.
19． (infer) from the conversation, we can tell that the boy doesn’t want to go to France.
答案第2页，共2页20．The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from (object).
21．The teacher urged students to insist on (read) English aloud every morning.
22．However, technology is also the application of (science) knowledge to solve a problem, touching
lives in countless ways.
23．Try to spend your time just on the things you find worthy (do).
24．He was appointed as the (art) director of the theatre.
25．Distinct western paintings, Chinese paintings are more abstract.
26．Personally, I prefer to work in a team, offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others.
27． is well known, China is a country with a long history.
28．As a (journal), Tom always hast a good nose for a good story, so he does well in his job.
29．As a (consequent), he was a burden to her, something she was forced to look after.
30．Currently AI is used (most) in the tech industry, where it has produced many new products.
1．to acknowledge
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：当他们的孩子表现得像成年人时，父母更愿意承认他们是成年人。be
willing to do sth.愿意做某事，此处表示“愿意承认”。故填to acknowledge。
2．of
【详解】考查介词。句意：遵守一切安全规则是至关重要的。本句为“be of +抽象名词”的用法。故填
of。
3．distinctions
【详解】考查名词。句意：这两种设计之间没有明显的区别。根据are可知，空处填名词复数distinctions
作主语。故填distinctions。
4．conclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意：这是剑桥大学的科学家们通过对数万名志愿者的实验得出的结论。作表语，
结合上文定冠词可知应用名词conclusion，故填conclusion。
5．apparently
【详解】考查副词。句意：女孩手里拿着行李，站在那里四下张望，但显然没有人来接她。副词
apparently作状语修饰句子。故填apparently。
6．analysing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位年轻的科学家刚刚在《自然》杂志上发表了一篇分析火灾的论文。
空处为非谓语动词。a paper 与analyse为主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故填analysing。
7．committed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：永远不要怀疑一小群有思想、有奉献精神的公民可以改变世界；事实上，这是唯一曾经发生过的事情。空处是修饰citizens的定语，结合“thoughtful”可知，commit的形容词形式
committed符合题意，意为“尽心尽力的，献身的”。故填committed。
8．to accompany
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这本文集是为了配合西雅图的一个展览而设计的。be designed to do sth
被设计做某事。故填to accompany。
9．when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当我们的宇航员成功登陆火星时，这对我们来说是一个激动人心的时刻。
本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 an exciting moment，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应
用关系副词when引导。故填when。
10．whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是第一个赢得如此大奖的人，他的父亲当时失业了。先行词为He，关
系词在非限制定语从句中作定语，关系代词为whose。故填whose。
11．gently
【详解】考查副词。句意：她走近多萝茜，轻轻地吻着她的额头。副词gently作状语修饰动词。故填
gently。
12．courageous
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她走进着火的大楼去救那个孩子，真是勇敢。空处是作表语，结合“to go
into the burning building to save the child”可知，courage的形容词形式courageous符合题意，意为“勇敢
的”。故填courageous。
13．contribution
【详解】考查名词。句意：他对上周举行的辩论作出了重要贡献。important是形容词，修饰名词，
contribute的名词是contribution，意为“贡献”，空前有an，空格处用单数，make an important
contribution to是固定短语，意为“做出重要贡献”，因此空格处是contribution。故填contribution。
14．founded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该机器人由波士顿动力公司制造，该公司由一位教授于1992年创立。
空处为非谓语动词，a company与found为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填founded。
15．remarkable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：对于一个如此年轻的人来说，获得奥运会银牌是一项了不起的成就。形容
词remarkable作定语修饰名词。故填remarkable。
16．novelist
答案第4页，共2页【详解】考查名词。句意：这些小说的成功使她成为历史上收入最高的小说家。根据语境可知，此处表
示这些小说让她成为了历史上收入最高的小说家，所以空处需要名词novelist“小说家”，符合语境。故填
novelist。
17．academic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：从大学中受益最多的学生是那些完全投入到学术生活中，充分利用大学机
会和资源的学生。修饰名词life，需用形容词academic，作定语。故填academic。
18．from
【详解】考查介词。句意：当地人从想要在他们美丽的岛上购买房产的外国游客那里获利。表示“从/来
自于……”用介词from。故填from。
19．Inferring
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：从谈话中推断，我们可以看出这个男孩不想去法国。we逻辑主语和动词
infer是主动关系，infer用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Inferring。
20．objective
【详解】考查形容词。句意：摆脱消极自我形象的最好方法是认识到你的形象与客观相差甚远。空格处
用形容词作表语，object的形容词是objective，意为“客观存在的，客观的”，故填objective。
21．reading
【详解】考查动名词。句意：老师敦促学生们每天早晨坚持朗读英语。insist on doing sth.意为“坚持做某
事”。故填reading。
22．scientific
【详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，技术也是应用科学知识来解决问题，以无数种方式触及生活。根据
空后名词“knowledge”可知，空处应用形容词形式scientific，修饰其后的名词knowledge，作定语。故填
scientific。
23．to be done
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：试着把你的时间花在你认为值得做的事情上。be worthy to be done意思
为：值得做，worthy作定语从句find的宾补，空处用to be done结构。故填to be done。
24．artistic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他被任命为剧院的艺术总监。空处修饰director用形容词作定语，artistic意
思为：艺术的，符合题意。故填artistic。
25．from
【详解】考查介词。句意：与西方绘画不同，中国画更抽象。(be) distinct from“与……不同”，故填
from。
26．which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：就我个人而言，我更喜欢在团队中工作，这给了我一个学习如何与他人
相处的机会。此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话，关系词指代先行词
在从句中作主语成分。故填which。
27．As
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。此处为关系代词As引导的
非限制性定语从句，先行词为后面整句话，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语成分，As在引导非限制性
定语从句时，有“正如……一样”的意思。故填As。
28．journalist
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名记者，汤姆总是对好故事有敏锐的嗅觉，所以他的工作做得很好。
结合不定冠词a，用可数名词journalist“新闻记者；新闻工作者”的单数形式，作as宾语。故填
journalist。
29．consequence
【详解】考查名词。句意：结果，他成了她的负担，她不得不照顾他。空处作介词as的宾语，应用
consequent的名词形式consequence，意为“结果”，固定短语as a consequence意为“因此”。故填
consequence。
30．mostly
【详解】考查副词。句意：目前，人工智能主要用于科技行业，它已经生产了许多新产品。修饰动词use
应用副词mostly，故填mostly。
高考能力提升
二、阅读理解
Ada Lovelace was born on December 10th 1815. Ada’s mother and father (the famous poet Lord George
Gordon Byron) parted just weeks after she was born. Her mother feared her growing up with her father’s
changeable nature. To stop this from happening, Ada was forced by her mother to learn science and mathematics
which was unusual for women at the time. She was also punished if her work was not up to standard. However,
she was greatly interested in mathematics and science and would perhaps have learned about them on her own.
Ada was partially disabled and as a result spent much time studying. Ada knew of her mother’s thought about
keeping the creative side of her from germinating (萌芽) however, as Ada herself is known to have said, “If you
can’t give me poetry at least give me poetical science.” Ada married at 19, to William King who was made Earl of
Lovelace in 1838, at which point she became Lady Ada King, the Countess of Lovelace, but was known as Ada
答案第6页，共2页Lovelace. Ada and King had a relatively happy marriage, with King even encouraging his wife’s love for
numbers.
During her youth Ada was introduced to the Scot, Mary Somerville, who was known as the “Queen of 19th
Century Science” and was the first woman to be accepted into the Royal Astronomical Society. It was through
Mary Somerville that Ada first heard of Charles Babbage’s idea for a new calculating (计算) engine. Attracted by
this idea, Ada began a period of letter-writing with him that would come to decide her professional life.
Ada met Babbage when she was around 17 and the two became close friends. Babbage was working on an
“Analytical Engine”, something he was designing to deal with complex ( 复杂的) calculations. Ada was later
asked to translate an article. She not only translated the article but added pages and pages of notes, calculations
and innovations (创新). Her notes were published in 1843 and it turned out that what she had written was so
original, it is now seen as the first comprehensive comment on what would become modern-day computer
programming. Although impressive, Ada was not actually given credit for the article until 1848.
31．What happened to Ada in her childhood?
A．She was pushed to learn scientific knowledge.
B．She had to compare herself with other women.
C．She gave up learning because of her father’s nature.
D．She had no father any more.
32．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Ada thought poetry was boring.
B．Ada thought science was creative.
C．Ada was interested in both science and poetry.
D．Ada believed poetry was harder than science.
33．What decided Ada’s professional life?
A．Ada was introduced to the Scot, Mary Somerville.
B．Somerville’s suggestions.
C．Her husband’s encouragement.
D．Her communication with Babbage.
34．What did Ada do after she met Babbage?
A．She taught people how to program.
B．She invented an “Analytical Engine”.
C．She translated an article and developed it.
D．She praised Babbage’s achievements.In 2018, China became the largest producer and consumer of the fruit in the world. Ninety-two-year-old Wu
Mingzhu, a native of Wuhan, is the unknown hero who has helped make this possible.
“About 80 percent of the watermelons and sweet-melons served at people’s dining tables every day are the
result of painful efforts made by Wu and her team over more than 60 years,” said Zhang Wenjun, a colleague of
Wu’s.
Helping others had long been a dream of hers. And she thought the most beautiful thing in life is that
everything you create can serve the people, so she made efforts to grow quality melons , which began paying off
in 1973. She is one of the 8,000 agricultural scientists who have come to Hainan annually from across the country
over the past 60 years and have cultivated(培育)more than 20,000 of China’s new seed varieties through offseason
breeding.
Using innovative measures such as radiation mutation breeding, double haploid breeding and distant
hybridization breeding, Wu and her team developed new germ-plasm(种质)resources, from which they cultivated
more than 30 watermelon and muskmelon (香瓜)varieties with better adaptability and stronger disease resistance,
said Yi Hongping, former director of the Xinjiang Muskmelon Research Center.
The new melon varieties have been promoted to more than 1.86 million hectares of fields from north to
south. Some of these varieties have been promoted overseas, as far as California. Wu’s work has left her a number
of honors. The “queen of melons” became an academician with the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999 and
an honorary citizen of Sanya in 2004.
35．Why did Wu Mingzhu mainly want to grow high-end melons?
A．Because she wanted to make China the largest producer of melons.
B．Because China is the largest consumer of melons in the world.
C．Because she wanted to create something that could serve people.
D．Because Chinese government asked her to grow high quality melons.
36．What can we learn about from Paragraph 4?
A．Wu and her team cultivated melon varieties that could resist every disease.
B．Wu and her team cultivated high quality melons from the new germ-plasm resources.
C．Wu and her team cultivated 30 watermelon varieties from radiation mutation breeding.
D．Wu and her team cultivated melon varieties that could adapt to any circumstance.
37．Which of the following about Wu Mingzhu is not true from the text?
答案第8页，共2页A．She has cultivated more than 20,000 of China’s new seed varieties.
B．She is committed to her work and makes remarkable achievements.
C．She helps make China the largest producer of fruit in the world in 2018.
D．She is awarded a number of honorary titles due to her contributions.
38．What type is the text?
A．A diary entry. B．A book review.
C．A physicist’s story. D．A news report.
31．A 32．B 33．D 34．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了女科学家阿达·洛芙莱斯的主要事迹，展现了她对科学知识
的热爱。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段“To stop this from happening, Ada was forced by her mother to learn science
and mathematics which was unusual for women at the time. (为了阻止这种情况的发生，艾达的母亲强迫她学
习科学和数学，这在当时的女性中并不常见。)”可知，阿达的母亲强迫她学习科学知识。故选A。
32．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Ada’s mother and father (the famous poet Lord George Gordon Byron) parted
just weeks after she was born. Her mother feared her growing up with her father’s changeable nature. To stop this
from happening, Ada was forced by her mother to learn science and mathematics which was unusual for women at
the time.(艾达的母亲和父亲(著名诗人乔治·戈登·拜伦勋爵)在她出生几周后就分手了。她的母亲担心她在
父亲喜怒无常的性格下长大。为了阻止这种情况的发生，艾达的母亲强迫她学习科学和数学，这在当时
的女性中并不常见。)”可知，阿达的父亲是英国诗人拜伦。她的父母分开之后，她的母亲不愿阿达继承拜
伦身上感性、多变的特质，于是她强迫阿达学习数学和科学，并对她严格要求。对于母亲的想法，阿达
了然于心。划线处与上文中的“keeping the creative side of her from germinating(让她的创造力无法萌发)”
为顺承关系，目的是为了引出阿达说的话“如果不让我学习诗歌，那么至少让我学习富有诗意的科学”。
结合上文中提到的阿达对数学表现出了浓厚的兴趣，我们可以推断，阿达将 poetry和science进行比较，
说明她认为科学如诗歌般具有创造性。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“Attracted by this idea, Ada began a period of letter-writing with him that would
come to decide her professional life.(被这个想法吸引，阿达开始和他一起写信，后来决定了她的职业生
涯。)”可知，阿达与查尔斯·巴贝奇针对科学知识展开的交流一定程度上决定了阿达以后的职业生涯。故
选D。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段“She not only translated the article but added pages and pages of notes,
calculations and innovations (创新).(她不仅翻译了这篇文章，还添加了一页又一页的注释、计算和创新。)”
可知，她不仅翻译了学术文章，并加注了很多自己原创的见解。故选C。35．C 36．B 37．A 38．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。该篇新闻报道了我国西瓜女王吴明珠院士生平以及其培育如今市面上出现
的各个西瓜品种的贡献。
35．细节理解题。根据第三自然段“And she thought the most beautiful thing in life is that everything you
create can serve the people, so she made efforts to grow quality melons , which began paying off in 1973.”（她认
为生活中最美好的事情是你所创造的一切都能为人民服务，所以她努力种植优质甜瓜，并于1973年开始
获得回报。）可知，吴明珠院士之所以培育一些高端的瓜果主要是因为她想创造出一些能给人们提供服
务，这是她认为最美好的事情。C项“Because she wanted to create something that could serve people.”（因
为她想创造一些能为人们服务的东西）符合原文表述，故选C项。
36．细节理解题。根据第四自然段中“Wu and her team developed new germ-plasm（种质）resources, from
which they cultivated more than 30 watermelon and muskmelon （香瓜）varieties with better adaptability and
stronger disease resistance”（吴和她的团队开发了新的种质资源，从中培育了30多个适应性更好、抗病性
更强的西瓜和甜瓜品种）可知，吴明珠院士和她的团队成员通过germ-plasm resources培育出了超过30种
拥有更好的适应能力和更强的抗病能力的西瓜和香瓜。B项“Wu and her team cultivated high quality
melons from the new germ-plasm resources”（吴和她的团队从新的种质资源中培育出高质量的甜瓜）符合
原文表述，故选B项。
37．细节理解题。 根据第三自然段中“She is one of the 8,000 agricultural scientists who have come to
Hainan annually from across the country over the past 60 years and have cultivated（培育）more than 20,000 of
China's new seed varieties through offseason breeding.”（她是过去60年来每年从全国各地来到海南的8000
名农业科学家之一，通过淡季育种培育了2万多个中国新种子品种。）可知，超过20,000种新型种子是
由8000多个农业科学家培育出来的。A项“She has cultivated more than 20,000 of China’s new seed
varieties.”（她培育了2万多个中国新种子品种）符合原文表述，故选A项。
38．推理判断题。浏览文章可知，文章主要介绍了“我国西瓜女王吴明珠院士生平以及其培育如今市面
上出现的各个西瓜品种的贡献”，所以推测，这是一篇介绍名人事迹的传记类的新闻报道类文章。D项
“A news report.”（新闻报道。）符合推测，故选D项。
三、完形填空
Many children may be fond of animals, but few ever think of making the study of animals as their career.
Even fewer will be 39 by the whole world, enjoying the title of United Nations Messenger(使者) of Peace.
But one woman has 40 all that. She has lived with chimps in the African forest for many years and
答案第10页，共2页made great discoveries. Jane Goodall’s lifelong 41 in animals began at an early age. By the age of 10 or 11,
Goodall 42 going to Africa to live with animals. This was quite a strange dream in those days, as young girls
didn’t think of having such “wild” actions. But she was 43 by her mother. She told her that if she really
wanted something, she should work hard, take advantage of 44 and never give up looking for a way.
When a close friend invited Goodall to Kenya in 1957, she readily 45 it. Within a few months of her
arrival, she met the famous anthropologist(人类学家) Dr Louis Leakey, who soon decided that Goodall was the
46 person he was looking for to begin a 47 of wild chimps on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania.
In the beginning, studying the chimps was not easy for her. The animals fled from her 48 . With a strong
49 , she searched the forest every day, trying not to get too close to the chimps too soon. Gradually the chimps
became used to her presence.
In October 1960, she observed a chimp making and using 50 to fish for termites(白蚁). This discovery
threw 51 on the popular idea at the time that man was the world’s only toolmaker. The longer Goodall’s
research continues, the more it becomes obvious that chimps are very 52 to humans.
Since the mid-1980s, Goodall has been lecturing around the world to raise people’s sense about
environmental 53 . “ Let’s live in the new age with hope, respect for all living things, understanding and
love.” she said.
39．A．recognised B．known C．accepted D．admitted
40．A．done B．proved C．achieved D．realised
41．A．study B．interest C．sense D．dream
42．A．was fond of B．was tired of C．insisted on D．dreamed of
43．A．encouraged B．prevented C．advised D．forced
44．A．knowledge B．youth C．hope D．chances
45．A．accepted B．refused C．received D．considered
46．A．only B．last C．special D．first
47．A．project B．study C．centre D．career
48．A．in surprise B．in a hurry C．as expected D．in fear
49．A．will B．body C．desire D．mind
50．A．nets B．tools C．holes D．spoons
51．A．doubt B．light C．questions D．beliefs
52．A．close B．similar C．friendly D．helpful
53．A．improvement B．protection C．pollution D．destruction语法填空
Zu Chongzhi was a famous and remarkable mathematician and scientist in ancient China. He lived in
the Northern and Southern Dynasties. When he was young, he had 54 broad range of interests, such as 55
(nature) science and philosophy. And he was interested in mathematics, astronomy and machinery. The
achievement Zu Chongzhi made in the calculation (计算) of the value of pi has been 56 (international)
acknowledged.
Liu Hui, a mathematician in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, proposed a way 57 (work) out the value of pi—
the cyclotomic method (割圆术). Based on the earlier research, Zu Chongzhi came to the conclusion that the
value of pi falls between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927 after more than 1,000 58 (time) of calculation. He also 59
(put) forward the viewpoint that the approximate value of pi is 355/113, which is called “milü”. It boosted the
calculation of pi to a new phase. It was more than 1,000 years before the Western mathematicians calculated the
same value. Thus the value of pi is also called “zulü” 60 memory of him.
Besides the achievement in mathematics, he wrote the book Zhui Shu, 61 gathered his accomplishments
in mathematics and 62 (take) as a teaching material during the Tang Dynasty. And he also made a great 63
(contribute) to astronomy and machinery.
39．A 40．C 41．B 42．D 43．A 44．D 45．A 46．C 47．B 48．D
49．A 50．B 51．A 52．B 53．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Jane Goodall的事迹——她喜欢动物，将研究动物作为自己的事业，
并取得了一些成就。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更少会有人将得到全世界的承认，享有联合国和平使者的称号。A.
recognized承认，认可，赞赏；B. known知道；C. accepted接受；D. admitted（勉强）承认，招认。根据
后文“by the whole world, enjoying the title of United Nations Messenger (使者) of Peace”可知，喜欢动物的
孩子有很多，但很少会将研究动物作为职业，而将研究动物作为职业，并且取得成就，进而为整个世界
所认可的就更少了。故选A项。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但有一位女性做到了这一切。A. done做；B. proved证明；C. achieved完
成，达到；D. realised意识到。But前后形成对比关系，上文提到很少有人能做到的事情，此处强调Jane
Goodall做到了，“被全世界认可和享有联合国和平使者的头衔”这些都是非凡的成就，是她做到了这一
切。故选C。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：珍·古道尔在很小的时候就对动物产生了毕生的兴趣。A. study研究，学
答案第12页，共2页习；B. interest兴趣；C. sense感觉；D. dream梦想。根据下文中“This was quite a strange dream in those
days(这在当时是一个相当奇怪的梦想)”可知珍·古道尔在很小的时候就对动物产生了毕生的兴趣。故选
B。
42．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在10岁或11岁的时候，简梦想着去非洲和动物们生活在一起。A.
was fond of喜欢；B. was tired of对……感到厌倦；C. insisted on坚持；D. dreamed of梦想。根据“This
was quite a strange dream”可知，Jane梦想着去非洲和动物们在一起。故选D。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她的母亲鼓励她追寻梦想。A. encouraged鼓励；B. prevented阻止；C.
advised建议；D. forced迫使，强迫。根据下文“She told her that if she really wanted something, she should
work hard, take advantage of chances and never give up looking for a way.(她告诉她，如果她真的想要什么，
她应该努力工作，抓住机会，永远不要放弃寻找方法)”可知，母亲鼓励她去追寻梦想。故选A。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她告诉她，如果她真的想要什么，她应该努力工作，抓住机会，永远不
要放弃寻找方法。A. knowledge知识；B. youth青年，青春；C. hope希望；D. chances机会。根据上文
“she should work hard, take advantage of”可知，母亲鼓励她，如果想要什么，就要努力，充分利用机会，
不放弃。故选D项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1957年，一位密友邀请简去肯尼亚，她欣然接受了邀请。A. accepted接
受；B. refused拒绝；C. received接收；D. considered考虑。根据下文“Within a few months of her arrival”
可知，Jane欣然接受了朋友的邀请。故选A。
46．考查副词和形容词词义辨析。句意：在她到达后的几个月内，她遇到了著名的人类学家路易斯·利基
博士，他很快就认定简是他要寻找的特别的人，开始对坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖畔的野生黑猩猩进行研究。
A. only仅仅；B. last最后；C. special特别的；D. first第一。根据上文内容可知，Jane一直以来的梦想是
和动物生活在一起，而在当时的人看来是奇怪的，因此路易斯·李基博士认为她是特别的人。故选C。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她到达后的几个月内，她遇到了著名的人类学家路易斯·利基博士，他
很快就认定简是他要寻找的特别的人，开始对坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖畔的野生黑猩猩进行研究。A. project
工程；B. study研究；C. centre中心；D. career职业生涯。根据后文“In the beginning, studying the chimps”
可知，此处表示开始了对黑猩猩的研究。故选B。
48．考查介词短语辨析。句意：动物们害怕地逃离了她。A. in surprise惊奇地；B. in a hurry匆忙地；C. as
expected不出所料，正如预期的；D. in fear唯恐，害怕。根据下文“Gradually the chimps became used to
her presence.(渐渐地，黑猩猩们习惯了她的存在)”可知，一开始由于不熟悉，黑猩猩因为害怕逃走了。故
选D。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凭着坚强的意志，她每天都在森林里搜寻，尽量不过早地靠近黑猩猩。
A. will意志力；B. body身体；C. desire渴望；D. mind思考能力，思维方式。根据“she searched the forestevery day”可知，虽然刚开始研究并不顺利，但是Jane有着坚强的意志。故选A。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1960年10月，她观察到一只黑猩猩制造并使用工具捕鱼白蚁。A. nets网，
网状物；B. tools工具；C. holes洞；D. spoons勺子。根据下文中“that man was the world's only toolmaker”
可知，设空处对应的信息词是toolmaker，tool符合语境。故选B。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一发现对人类是世界上唯一的工具制造者这一普遍观点提出了质疑。
A. doubt疑惑；B. light光；C. questions问题；D. beliefs信念。throw doubt on 是固定短语，意为“对……
产生疑问”，符合语境。故选A。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：简的研究进行得越久，黑猩猩与人类的相似之处就越明显。 A. close
亲密的；B. similar相似的；C. friendly友好的；D. helpful有帮助的。根据上文“In October 1960, she
observed a chimp making and using tools to fish for termites(1960年10月，她观察到一只黑猩猩制造并使用
工具捕鱼白蚁)”可知，随着研究的深入，她发现黑猩猩与人类的相似之处。故选B。
53．考查名词辨析。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，Goodall一直在世界各地演讲，以提高人们的环
保意识。A. improvement改善；B. protection保护；C. pollution污染；D. destruction破坏。根据后文
“Let’s live in the new age with hope, respect for all living things, understanding and love.(让我们怀着希望、尊
重一切生物、理解和爱生活在新时代)”以及结合上下文，她研究的是动物，她演讲中呼吁大家尊重所有的
生物（包括动物），保护所有生物，以及他们的生存环境。同时结合常识判断，这里她是通过自己的演
讲提升人们的环保意识。故选B。
54．a 55．natural 56．internationally 57．to work 58．times 59．put 60．in
61．which 62．was taken 63．contribution
【导语】这是一篇人物介绍。文章主要介绍了祖冲之精确了圆周率，其成就得到了国际认可。并在数学、
天文、机械方面有所造诣。
54．考查冠词。句意：他年轻时，兴趣广泛，如自然科学和哲学。a range of表示“各种各样的……”，
符合句意，故填a。
55．考查形容词。句意：他年轻时，兴趣广泛，如自然科学和哲学。根据science可知此处要加形容词作
定语，nature的形容词是natural。故填natural。
56．考查副词。句意：祖冲之在计算圆周率（π）方面的成就已经得到了国际认可。设空处修饰has been
acknowledged，应用副词作状语，故填internationally。
57．考查动词不定式。句意：魏晋时期的数学家刘徽提出了一种计算圆周率的方法——割圆术。way意为
答案第14页，共2页“方法”时后用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to work。
58．考查名词复数。句意：祖冲之在前人研究的基础上，经过1000多次计算，得出圆周率在3.1415926
到3.1415927之间的结论。此处的time意为“次”，是可数名词，由“more than 1,000”可知应用复数形式。
故填times。
59．考查时态。句意：他还提出了π的近似值为355/113的观点，这被称为“密率”。这里描述的是过去
发生的动作，所以要用一般过去时。put的过去式为put，故填put。
60．考查介词。句意：因此，为了纪念他，圆周率也被称为“祖率”。in memory of意为“为纪念……”。
故填in。
61．考查定语从句。句意：除了在数学方面的成就外，他还写了《缀术》这本书，该书汇集了他在数学
方面的成就，并在唐朝被作为教材。逗号前主谓宾结构完整，空后是动词gathered，且由语境可知动词
gathered的主语即空前的名词Zhui Shu，所以设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，
指物，故填which。
62．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：除了在数学方面的成就外，他还写了《缀术》这本书，该书汇
集了他在数学方面的成就，并在唐朝被作为教材。分析句子可知，在which引导的定语从句中，and连接
两个并列的谓语（即设空处与前面的gathered），关系词which指代先行词Zhui Shu在从句中作主语，和
动词take是被动关系，结合during the Tang Dynasty可知句子描述的是过去发生的事情，所以要用一般过
去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be动词用was。故填was taken。
63．考查名词。句意：并且他也对天文学和机械学做出了巨大的贡献。make a great contribution to意为
“对……做出巨大贡献”，故填contribution。
四、书信写作
64．结合课文主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文。
1. 钱学森被公认为中国最伟大的科学家之一。(acknowledge)
2. 他致力于中国的发展，参与和领导了中国火箭的研制，这对我们国家来说至关重要。(be committed to;
be of vital importance)
3. 使我们感动的是他怀揣着服务祖国和人民的目标坚持回到祖国。(insist on; with the objective of)
4. 他为我们国家科技的发展做出了巨大贡献。(scientific; contribution)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________64．One possible version:
It is widely acknowledged that Qian Xuesen was one of the greatest scientists in China. He was committed
to the development of China, and participated in and led the development of Chinese rockets, which was of vital
importance for our country. What has always made us moved is that he insisted on returning to our motherland
with the objective of serving our country and people. He made a great contribution to our country’s scientific
development.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生按照所给的提示内容，写一篇介绍钱学森的短文。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
认可：acknowledge→recognize, admit
参与：participate in→take part in
感动的：moved→touched
目标：objective→aim, goal
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：It is widely acknowledged that Qian Xuesen was one of the greatest scientists in China.
拓展句：There is widespread agreement that Qian Xuesen was one of the greatest scientists in China.
【点睛】[高分句型1] He was committed to the development of China, and participated in and led the
development of Chinese rockets, which was of vital importance for our country. (运用了which引导非限制性定
语从句)
[高分句型2] What has always made us moved is that he insisted on returning to our motherland with the
objective of serving our country and people. (运用了what引导主语从句、that引导表语从句)
答案第16页，共2页
