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2021 年 12 月六级考试真题及解析 (第二套)
Part Ⅰ Writing 30 minutes
( )
Directions For this part you are allowed minutes to write an essay related to the short passage given
: ꎬ 30
below In your essay you are to comment on the phenomenon described in the passage and
ꎬ
suggest measures to address the issue You should write at least words but no more than
150
words
200
Nowadays star chasing is prevalent among many teenagers They take pop stars as their
idols imitating their way of talking following their style of dressing and seeking every
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
chance to meet them in person at great expenses
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension 30 minutes
( )
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations At the end of each
: ꎬ
conversation you will hear four questions Both the conversation and the
ꎬ
questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose
ꎬ
the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D Then
)ꎬ )ꎬ ) )
扫 二 维 码
mark thecorresponding letteron AnswerSheet1 with a singlelinethrough the
播放听力音频
centre
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard
A It has given rise to much controversy
1 )
B It has been very favorably received
)
C It was primarily written for vegetarians
)
D It offends many environmentalists
)
A She neglects peoples efforts in animal protection
2 )
B She tries to force people to accept her radical ideas
)
C She ignores the various benefits of public transport
)
D She insists vegetarians are harming the environment
)
— 1 —A They are significant
3 )
B They are revolutionary
)
C They are rational
)
D They are modest
)
A It would help to protect the environment
4 )
B It would generate money for public health
)
C It would need support from the general public
)
D It would force poor people to change their diet
)
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard
A Where successful peoples strengths come from
5 )
B Why many people fight so hard for success
)
C How she achieved her lifes goal
)
D What makes people successful
)
A Having someone who has confidence in them
6 )
B Having someone who is ready to help them
)
C Having a firm belief in their own ability
)
D Having a realistic attitude towards life
)
A They adjust their goals accordingly
7 )
B They try hard to appear optimistic
)
C They stay positive
)
D They remain calm
)
A An understanding leadership
8 )
B A nurturing environment
)
C Mutual respect among colleagues
)
D Highly cooperative teammates
)
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two passages At the end of each passage you will hear three or
: ꎬ ꎬ
four questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a
question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D
ꎬ )ꎬ )ꎬ ) )
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard
A They use their sense of hearing to capture their prey
9 )
— 2 —B Their food mainly consists of small animals and fish
)
C They have big eyes and distinctive visual centers
)
D Their ancestor is different from that of micro bats
)
A With the help of moonlight
10 )
B By means of echolocation
)
C With the aid of daylight vision
)
D By means of vision and smell
)
A To make up for their natural absence of vision
11 )
B To adapt themselves to a particular lifestyle
)
C To facilitate their travel over long distances
)
D To survive in the ever ̄changing weather
)
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard
A They acquire knowledge not found in books
12 )
B They learn how to interact with their peers
)
C They become more emotionally aggressive
)
D They get much better prepared for school
)
A They are far from emotionally prepared
13 )
B They tend to be more attracted by images
)
C They cant follow the conflicts in the show
)
D They lack the cognitive and memory skills
)
A Choose appropriate programs for their children
14 )
B Help their children understand the programs plot
)
C Outline the programs plot for their children first
)
D Monitor their childrens watching of TV programs
)
A Explain its message to their children
15 )
B Check if their children have enjoyed it
)
C Encourage their children to retell the story
)
D Ask their children to describe its characters
)
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four
: ꎬ
questions The recordings will be played only once After you hear a question you must choose
ꎬ
the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D Then mark the
)ꎬ )ꎬ ) )
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
— 3 —Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard
A They are afraid of injuring their feet
16 )
B They have never developed the habit
)
C They believe a little dirt harms no one
)
D They find it rather troublesome to do so
)
A Different types of bacteria existed on public ̄toilet floors
17 )
B There were more bacteria on sidewalks than in the home
)
C Office carpets collected more bacteria than elsewhere
)
D A large number of bacteria collected on a single shoe
)
A The chemicals on shoes can deteriorate air quality
18 )
B Shoes can upset family members with their noise
)
C The marks left by shoes are hard to erase
)
D Shoes can leave scratches on the floor
)
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard
A It is sinful and immoral B It is deemed uncivilized
19 ) )
C It is an uncontrollable behavior D It is a violation of faith and trust
) )
A Assess their consequences B Guard against their harm
20 ) )
C Accept them as normal D Find out their causes
) )
A Try to understand what messages they convey
21 )
B Pay attention to their possible consequences
)
C Consider them from different perspectives
)
D Make sure they are brought under control
)
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard
A Cultivation of new varieties of crops
22 )
B Measures to cope with climate change
)
C Development of more effective pesticides
)
D Application of more nitrogen ̄rich fertilizers
)
A The expansion of farmland in developing countries
23 )
B The research on crop rotation in developing countries
)
C The cooperation of the worlds agricultural scientists
)
D The improvement of agricultural infrastructure
)
A For encouraging farmers to embrace new farming techniques
24 )
— 4 —B For aligning their research with advances in farming technology
)
C For turning their focus to the needs of farmers in poorer countries
)
D For cooperating closely with policymakers in developing countries
)
A Rapid transition to become a food exporter
25 )
B Substantial funding in agricultural research
)
C Quick rise to become a leading grain producer
)
D Assumption of humanitarian responsibilities
)
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
( )
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each
: ꎬ
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through
the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
According to psychologist Sharon Draper our clothing choices can absolutely affect our well ̄being
ꎬ
When we wear ill ̄fitting clothes or feel over ̄ or under ̄dressed for an event its natural to feel self ̄
ꎬ ꎬ
conscious or even stressed Conversely she says opting for clothes that fit well and with your
ꎬ ꎬ 26
sense of style can improve your confidence
But can you improve your health through your clothing without having to dash out and buy
27 ꎬ
a whole new Absolutely says Draper If your goal is to improve your thinking she
28 ? “ ꎬ” ꎬ
recommends picking clothes that fit well and are unlikely to encourage restlessness so avoid bows ties
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
and unnecessary It also helps to opt for clothes you as tying in with your goals so if
29 30 ꎬ ꎬ
you want to perform better at work select pieces you view as professional Draper says this fits in with
ꎬ
the concept of behavioral activation whereby in a behavior in this case selecting clothes can
ꎬ 31 ( ꎬ )
set you on the path to then achieving your goals working harder
( )
Another way to improveyour ofmind isto mix thingsup Drapersaysweoften feel stuck in
32
a rut 常规 if we wear the same clothes even if theyre our favorites thus opting for an item you
( ) — —
dont wear often or adding something different to an outfit such as a hat can shift your mood
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ 33
On days when youre really to brave the world Draper suggests selecting sentimental items of
34 ꎬ
clothing such asonesyou woreon aspecial day orgiven to you by aloved one asclotheswith
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ 35
associations can help you tap into constructive emotions
— 5 —A accessories F fond K profile
) ) )
B align G frame L prospering
) ) )
C concurrently H locations M reluctant
) ) )
D current I perceive N showcase
) ) )
E engaging J positively O wardrobe
) ) )
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it Each
: ꎬ
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from
which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph
is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2
Do music lessons really make children smarter
?
A A recent analysis found that most research mischaracterizes the relationship between music and
)
skills enhancement
B In a paper appeared in the journal Psychological Science titled Music Lessons Enhance
) 2004ꎬ ꎬ “
IQ The author composer and psychologist Glenn Schellenberg had conducted an experiment with
” ꎬ 144
children randomly assigned to four groups one learned the keyboard for a year one took singing
: ꎬ
lessons one joined an acting class and a control group had no extracurricular training The IQ of the
ꎬ ꎬ
children in the two musical groups rose by an average of seven points in the course of a year those in the
ꎻ
other two groups gained an average of points
43
C Schellenberg had long been skeptical of the science supporting claims that music education
)
enhances childrens abstract reasoning math or language skills If children who play the piano are
ꎬ ꎬ
smarter he says it doesnt necessarily mean they are smarter because they play the piano It could be
ꎬ ꎬ
that the youngsters who play the piano also happen to be more ambitious or better at focusing on a task
Correlation after all does not prove causation
ꎬ ꎬ
D The paper was specifically designed to address those concerns And as a passionate
) 2004
musician Schellenberg was delighted when he turned up credible evidence that music has transfer effects
ꎬ
on general intelligence But nearly a decade later in the Education Endowment Foundation funded
ꎬ 2013ꎬ
a bigger study with more than students That study failed to confirm Schellenbergs findings
900 ꎬ
producing no evidence that music lessons improved math and literacy skills
E Schellenberg took that news in stride while continuing to cast a skeptical eye on the research in
)
his field Recently he decided to formally investigate just howoften his fellowresearchers in psychology
ꎬ
and neuroscience make what he believes are erroneous or at least premature causal connections
— —
— 6 —between music and intelligence His results published in May suggest that many of his peers do just
ꎬ ꎬ
that
F For his recent study Schellenberg asked two research assistants to look for correlational studies
) ꎬ
on the effects of music education They found a total of papers published since To assess
114 2000
whether the authors claimed any causation researchers then looked for telltale verbs in each papers title
ꎬ
and abstract verbs like enhance promote facilitate and strengthen The papers were
ꎬ “ ꎬ” “ ꎬ” “ ꎬ” “ ”
categorized as neuroscience if the study employed a brain imaging method like magnetic resonance or if
ꎬ
the study appeared in a journal that had brain neuroscience or a related term in its title Otherwise
“ ꎬ” “ ꎬ”
the papers were categorized as psychology Schellenberg didnt tell his assistants what exactly he was
trying to prove
G After computing their assessments Schellenberg concluded that the majority of the articles
) ꎬ
erroneously claimed that music training had a causal effect The overselling he also found was more
ꎬ ꎬ
prevalent among neuroscience studies three quarters of which mischaracterized a mere association
ꎬ
between music training and skills enhancement as a cause ̄and ̄effect relationship This may come as a
surprise to some Psychologists have been battling charges that they dont do real science for some
“ ”
time in large part because many findings from classic experiments have proved unreproducible
—
Neuroscientists on the other hand armed with brain scans and EEGs 脑电图 have not been subject
ꎬ ꎬ ( )ꎬ
to the same degree of critique
H To argue for a cause ̄and ̄effect relationship scientists must attempt to explain why and how a
) ꎬ
connection could occur When it comes to transfer effects of music scientists frequently point to brain
ꎬ
plasticity the fact that the brain changes according to how we use it When a child learns to play the
—
violin for example several studies have shown that the brain region responsible for the fine motor skills
ꎬ ꎬ
of the left hands fingers is likely to grow And many experiments have shown that musical training
improves certain hearing capabilities like filtering voices from background noise or distinguishing the
ꎬ
difference between the consonants 辅音 b and g
( ) ‘ ’ ‘ ’
I But Schellenberg remains highly critical of how the concept of plasticity has been applied in his
)
field Plasticity has become an industry of its own he wrote in his May paper Practice does change
“ ꎬ”
the brain he allows but what is questionable is the assertion that these changes affect other brain
ꎬ ꎬ
regions such as those responsible for spatial reasoning or math problems
ꎬ
J Neuropsychologist Lutz Jancke agrees Most of these studies dont allow for causal
) “
inferences he said For over two decades Jancke has researched the effects of music lessons and like
ꎬ” ꎬ ꎬ
Schellenberg he believes that the only way to truly understand their effects is to run longitudinal studies
ꎬ
In such studies researchers would need to follow groups of children with and without music lessons over
ꎬ
a long period of time even if the assignments are not completely random Then they could compare
—
outcomes for each group
— 7 —K Some researchers are starting to do just that The neuroscientist Peter Schneider from Heidelberg
)
University in Germany for example has been following a group of children for ten years now Some of
ꎬ ꎬ
them were handed musical instruments and given lessons through a school ̄based program in the Ruhr
region of Germany called Jedem Kindein Instrument or an instrument for every child which was
ꎬ “ ꎬ”
carried out with government funding Among these children Schneider has found that those who were
ꎬ
enthusiastic about musicand who practiced voluntarily showed improvementsin hearing ability aswell as
ꎬ
in more general competencies such as the ability to concentrate
ꎬ
L To establish whether effects such as improved concentration are caused by music participation
)
itself and not by investing time in an extracurricular activity of any kind Assal Habibi a psychology
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
professor at the University of Southern California is conducting a five ̄year longitudinal study with
ꎬ
children from low ̄income communities in Los Angeles The youngsters fall into three groups those who
:
take after ̄school music those who do after ̄school sports and those with no structured after ̄school
ꎬ ꎬ
program at all After two years Habibi and her colleagues reported seeing structural changes in the brains
ꎬ
of the musically trained children both locally and in the pathways connecting different parts of the brain
ꎬ
M That may seem compelling but Habibis children were not selected randomly Did the children
) ꎬ
who were drawn to music perhaps have something in them from the start that made them different but
eluded the brain scanners As somebody who started taking piano lessons at the age of five and got up
? “
every morning at seven to practice that experience changed me and made me part of who I am today
ꎬ ꎬ”
Schellenberg said The question is whether those kinds of experiences do so systematically across
“
individuals and create exactly the same changes And I think that is that huge leap of faith
”
N Did he have a hidden talent that others didnt have Or more endurance than his peers Music
) ? ?
researchers tend like Schellenberg to be musicians themselves and as he noted in his recent paper
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
the idea of positive cognitive and neural side effects from music training and other pleasurable
“ (
activities is inherently appealing He also admits that if he had children of his own he would
) ” ꎬ
encourage them to take music lessons and go to university I would think that it makes them better
“
people more critical just wiser in general he said
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ”
O But those convictions should be checked at the entrance to the lab he added Otherwise the
) ꎬ ꎬ
work becomes religion or faith You have to let go of your faith if you want to be a scientist
“ ”
Glenn Schellenbergs latest research suggests many psychologists and neuroscientists wrongly believe
36
in the causal relationship between music and IQ
The belief in the positive effects of music training appeals to many researchers who are musicians
37
themselves
Glenn Schellenberg was doubtful about the claim that music education helps enhance childrens
38
intelligence
Glenn Schellenberg came to the conclusion that most of the papers assessed made the wrong claim
39
— 8 —regarding musics effect on intelligence
You must abandon your unverified beliefs before you become a scientist
40
Lots of experiments have demonstrated that people with music training can better differentiate certain
41
sounds
Glenn Schellenbergs findings at the beginning of this century were not supported by a larger study
42
carried out some ten years later
One researcher shares Glenn Schellenbergs view that it is necessary to conduct long ̄term
43
developmental studies to understand the effects of music training
Glenn Schellenbergs research assistants had no idea what he was trying to prove in his new study
44
Glenn Schellenberg admits that practice can change certain areas of the brain but doubts that the
45
change can affect other areas
Section C
Directions There are passages in this section Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
: 2
statements For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D You should
)ꎬ )ꎬ ) )
decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line
through the centre
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
The trend toward rationality and enlightenment was endangered long before the advent of the World
Wide Web As Neil Postman noted in his book Amusing Ourselves to Death the rise of television
1985 ꎬ
introduced not just a new medium but a new discourse a gradual shift from a typographic 印刷的
: ( )
culture to a photographic one which in turn meant a shift from rationality to emotions exposition to
ꎬ ꎬ
entertainment In an image ̄centered and pleasure ̄driven world Postman noted there is no place for
ꎬ ꎬ
rational thinking because you simply cannot think with images It is text that enables us to uncover
ꎬ “
lies confusions and overgeneralizations and to detect abuses of logic and common sense It also means
ꎬ ꎬ
to weigh ideas to compare and contrast assertions to connect one generalization to another
ꎬ ꎬ ”
Thedominanceoftelevision wasnot confined to ourliving rooms It overturned all ofthosehabitsof
mind fundamentally changing our experience of the world affecting the conduct of politics religion
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
business and culture It reduced many aspects of modern life to entertainment sensationalism and
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
commerce Americans dont talk to each other we entertain each other Postman wrote They dont
“ ꎬ ꎬ” “
exchange ideas they exchange images They do not argue with propositions they argue with good
ꎬ ꎬ
looks celebrities and commercials
ꎬ ”
At first the web seemed to push against this trend When it emerged towards the end of the s
ꎬ 1980
as a purely text ̄based medium it was seen as a tool to pursue knowledge not pleasure Reason and
ꎬ ꎬ
— 9 —thought were most valued in this garden all derived from the project of the Enlightenment Universities
—
around the world were among the first to connect to this new medium which hosted discussion groups
ꎬ ꎬ
informative personal or group blogs electronic magazines and academic mailing lists and forums It was
ꎬ ꎬ
an intellectual project not about commerce or control created in a scientific research center in
ꎬ ꎬ
Switzerland And for more than a decade the web created an alternative space that threatened televisions
ꎬ
grip on society
Social networks though have since colonized the web for televisions values From Facebook to
ꎬ ꎬ
Instagram the medium refocuses our attention on videos and images rewarding emotional appeals
ꎬ ꎬ —
like buttons over rational ones Instead of a quest for knowledge it engages us in an endless zest
‘ ’ — ꎬ
热情 for instant approval from an audience for which we are constantly but unconsciously
( ) ꎬ
performing Its telling that while Google began life as a PhD thesis Facebook started as a tool to
( ꎬ ꎬ
judge classmates appearances It reduces our curiosity by showing us exactly what we already want and
)
think based on our profiles and preferences The Enlightenments motto 座右铭 of Dare to know
ꎬ ( ) ‘ ’
has become Dare not to care to know
‘ ’
What did Neil Postman say about the rise of television
46 ?
A It initiated a change from dominance of reason to supremacy of pleasure
)
B It brought about a gradual shift from cinema going to home entertainment
)
C It started a revolution in photographic technology
)
D It marked a new age in the entertainment industry
)
According to the passage what is the advantage of text reading
47 ꎬ ?
A It gives one access to huge amounts of information
)
B It allows more information to be processed quickly
)
C It is capable of enriching ones life
)
D It is conducive to critical thinking
)
How has television impacted Americans
48 ?
A It has given them a lot more to argue about
)
B It has brought celebrities closer to their lives
)
C It has made them care more about what they say
)
D It has rendered their interactions more superficial
)
What does the passage say about the World Wide Web
49 ?
A It was developed primarily for universities worldwide
)
B It was created to connect people in different countries
)
C It was viewed as a means to quest for knowledge
)
D It was designed as a discussion forum for university students
)
What do we learn about users of social media
50 ?
A They are bent on looking for an alternative space for escape
)
— 10 —B They are constantly seeking approval from their audience
)
C They are forever engaged in hunting for new information
)
D They are unable to focus their attention on tasks for long
)
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage
According to a recent study a small but growing proportion of the workforce is affected to some
ꎬ
degree by a sense of entitlement Work is less about what they can contribute but more about what they
can take It can lead to workplace dysfunction and diminish their own job satisfaction Im not referring
to employeeswho arelegitimately dissatisfied with theiremployment conditionsdueto say being denied
ꎬ ꎬ
fair pay or flexible work practices Im talking about those who consistently believe they deserve special
treatment and generous rewards Its an expectation that exists irrespective of their abilities or levels of
performance
As a result of that discrepancy between the privileges they feel theyre owed and their inflated sense
of self ̄worth they dont work as hard for their employer They prefer instead to slack off Its a
ꎬ
tendency which many scholarsbelievebeginsin childhood dueto parentswho overindulgetheirkids This
thereby leads them to expect the same kind of spoilt treatment throughout their adult lives And yet
despite how these employees feel its obviously important for their manager to nonetheless find out how
ꎬ
to keep them motivated And by virtue of that heightened motivation to perform well
ꎬ ꎬ
The research team from several American universities surveyed more than individuals They
240
sampled managers as well as team members Employee entitlement was measured by statements such as
I honestly feel Im just more deserving than others The respondents had to rate the extent of their
“ ”
agreement Employee engagement meanwhile was assessed with statements like I really throw myself
ꎬ ꎬ “
into my work The findings revealed ethical leadership is precisely what alleviates the negative effects of
”
employee entitlement Thats because rather than indulging employees or neglecting them ethical leaders
ꎬ
communicate very direct and clear expectations They also hold employees accountable for their behaviors
and are genuinely committed to doing the right thing Additionally these leaders are consistent in their
ꎬ
standards Theyre also less likely to deviate in how they treat employees
This means when confronted by an entitled team member an ethical leader is significantly
ꎬ ꎬ
disinclined to accommodate their demands He or she will instead point out constructively and
ꎬ
tactfully exactly how their inflated sense of deservingness is somewhat distorted Theyd then go
ꎬ
further to explain the specific and objective criteria the employee must meet to receive their desired
ꎬ ꎬ
rewards This shift away from unrealistic expectations is successful because entitled employees feel
more confident that ethical leaders will deliver on their promises This occurs because theyre perceived
to be fair and trustworthy The researchers however exercise caution by warning no one single
ꎬ ꎬ
response is the perfect remedy But theres no denying ethical leadership is at least a critical step in the
right direction
— 11 —What does a recent study find about a growing number of workers
51 ?
A They attempt to make more contributions
)
B They feel they deserve more than they get
)
C They attach importance to job satisfaction
)
D They try to diminish workplace dysfunction
)
Why dont some employees work hard according to many scholars
52 ?
A They lack a strong sense of self ̄worth
)
B They were spoiled when growing up
)
C They have received unfair treatment
)
D They are overindulged by their boss
)
What is a manager supposed to do to enable workers to do a better job
53 ?
A Be aware of their emotions
)
B Give them timely promotions
)
C Keep a record of their performance
)
D Seek ways to sustain their motivation
)
What do the research findings reveal about ethical leaders
54 ?
A They are held accountable by their employees
)
B They are always transparent in their likes and dislikes
)
C They convey their requirements in a straightforward way
)
D They make it a point to be on good terms with their employees
)
What kind of leaders are viewed as ethical by entitled employees
55 ?
A Those who can be counted on to fulfill commitments
)
B Those who can do things beyond normal expectations
)
C Those who exercise caution in making major decisions
)
D Those who know how to satisfy their employees needs
)
Part Ⅳ Translation 30 minutes
( )
Directions For this part you are allowed minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English You
: ꎬ 30
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
延安位于陕西省北部 地处黄河中游 是中国革命的圣地 毛泽东等老一辈革命家曾在这里
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
生活战斗了十三个春秋 领导了抗日战争和解放战争 培育了延安精神 为中国革命做出了巨大
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
贡献 延安的革命旧址全国数量最大 分布最广 级别最高 延安是全国爱国主义 革命传统和
ꎮ 、 、 ꎮ 、
延安精神教育基地 延安有 个革命纪念馆 珍藏着中共中央和老一辈革命家在延安时期留存下
ꎮ 9 ꎬ
来的大量重要物品 因此享有 中国革命博物馆城 的美誉
ꎬ “ ” ꎮ
— 12 —2021 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题 (第二套)
【答案速查表】
Part Ⅰ Writing
见真题解析
( )
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
Section A
A B D A D A C B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section B
C B B C D B A
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Section C
C D A D C A A D C B
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
B D O A I E G J M F
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Section B
E N C G O H D J F I
37 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Section C
A D D C B B B D C A
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
— 13 —Part Ⅳ Translation
见真题解析
( )
2021 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题解析 (第二套)
【答案详解】
Part Ⅰ Writing
参考范文 范文译文
Nowadays huge numbers of teenagers have 如今 大批青少年成了流行
【1】 ꎬ 【1】 ꎬ
become irrational fans of pop stars To prove their 歌星的狂热粉丝 为了证明自己
【2】 ꎮ 【2】
passion and loyalty they devote considerable time efforts 的热情和忠诚 他们为偶像投入了大
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
and even money to their idols Such a trend has 量的时间 精力甚至金钱 这种
【3】 、 ꎮ 【3】
detrimental effects on young peoples physical and mental 趋势对年轻人的身心健康有不利影响
ꎮ
health 为了解决这个问题 我建议
【4】 ꎬ
In order to address the problem I suggest three 立即采取三种措施 首先 政府
【4】 ꎬ ꎮ 【5】 ꎬ
measures be taken immediately To begin with the 需要规范粉丝 尤其是网络粉丝 他们
【5】 ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
government needs to regulate the fandoms especially the 被误导去伪造数据来提高偶像的人气
ꎬ
online ones where tons of teenagers are misled to falsify 或排名 其次 学校应该承担起
ꎬ ꎮ 【6】 ꎬ
data to raise their idols popularity or rankings 培养学生兴趣的责任 而不仅仅是追
【6】 ꎬ
Secondly schools should take the responsibility of 求明星 当这些年轻人发现日常
ꎬ ꎮ 【7】
developing the students interests beyond pursuing stars 生活中更有趣的事情时 他们会重新
ꎬ
When discovering more enjoyable things to do in 考虑他们的明星的意义 最后一
【7】 ꎮ 【8】
daily life these young people will reconsider the meaning 种方法是培养品行优良的明星
ꎬ ꎮ 【9】
of their stars The last method is to promote stars of 这样的明星不一定是娱乐明星 但他
【8】 ꎬ
good conduct Such stars are not necessarily 们可以在很多方面给年轻人树立一个
【 9】
entertainment stars but they can set a positive example to 积极的榜样
ꎬ ꎮ
the young in many aspects 总之 我希望这些做法可
【10】 ꎬ
In conclusion Ihopethesepracticescan protect 以保护我们的年轻一代 帮助他们成
【10】 ꎬ ꎬ
our younger generation helping them grow into mature 长为成熟的成年人
ꎬ ꎮ
adults
— 14 —范文评析
铺垫背景 引出话题 指出年轻人非理性追星
【1】 ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
具体描述年轻人盲目追星的表现 点明这一趋势危害年轻人的身心健康
【2】 【3】 ꎬ ꎮ
用in order to引出下文 总起后文的三个解决措施
【4】 ꎬ ꎮ
介绍第一个措施 即政府应治理粉丝组织 尤其是针对网络饭圈诱导青少年伪造数据给
【5】 ꎬ ꎬ
明星增加热度的问题
ꎮ
介绍第二个措施 即学校应培养学生追星之外的爱好 充实学生的生活
【6】 【7】 ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
介绍第三个措施 即除了宣传娱乐明星外 还应该宣传其他品行良好 为年轻人树
【8】 【9】 ꎬ ꎬ 、
立榜样的明星
ꎮ
总结全文 表达自己的展望 希望这些措施能帮助年轻人更好地成长
【10】 ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
话题词汇
irrational 不理智的 loyalty 忠诚 devote to 为 奉献
considerable 相当大的 detrimental 有害的 fandom 全体粉丝 同好圈
ꎬ
falsify 伪造 篡改 rankings 排名 排行
ꎬ ꎬ
promote 推广 宣传 of good conduct 品行端正的
ꎬ
mature 成熟的
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
Section A
Questions1 to4 are based on the conversation you have just heard
【原文】
M Good morning and welcome to People in the News With me today is Megan Brown an
: ! (1) ꎬ
environmental activist whose controversial new book Beyond Recycling is making headlines
W Hi Brian Thanks for having me today Im excited to explain to the audience what my book is
: ꎬ
really about
M Critics of your book said that youre trying to force radical changes on the entire country
: (2)
Some claim that you want to force everyone to eat a vegetarian diet and make private transport illegal
W Im aware of those claims but they simply arent true People who havent read the book are
: ꎬ
making assumptions about my arguments They know I am a vegetarian that I dont wear leather or fur
ꎬ ꎬ
and that Ialwaysusepublictransportation So theyredepicting measaradical animal rightsactivist and
ꎬ
environmentalist determined to force my beliefs on others
— 15 —M But dont you want others to adopt your practices Youve campaigned for animal rights and the
: ?
environment for decades
W Id love it if people choose to live as I do but my life choices are based on my personal
: ꎬ
convictions They arent my recommendations for others who dont share those convictions
M Well in this aspect from your book you argue that meat consumption and private transport are
: ꎬ ꎬ
devastating the environment and that the best choices for the planet are vegetarian diets and public
transport
W I did write that but those are examples of what I called Best Practices not what Im actually
: ꎬ “ ”ꎬ
suggesting In my guidelines for saving the environment I suggest modest changes like eating
(3) ꎬ ꎬ
vegetarian meals two days a week
M You also endorse high taxes on meat and other animal products and increase taxes on gasoline
:
Those taxes could force poor people to adopt your life choices
W But the taxes I suggest arent that high less than three percent only Plus the money
: (4) — ꎬ
generated would be allocated to environmental protection which benefits everyone
ꎬ
答案详解
What do we learn about the womans new book 我们对于女士的新书了解到什么
1 ? ( ?)
A) It has given rise to much controversy (该书引起了很多争议ꎮ)
B It has been very favorably received 该书十分受欢迎
) ( ꎮ)
C It was primarily written for vegetarians 该书主要是为素食者写的
) ( ꎮ)
D It offends many environmentalists 该书冒犯了许多环保主义者
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 对话开头 男士介绍女士为激进的环境主义者 并提到女士受到争议的新书占据头条
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
因此选择A项
ꎮ
What do some critics say about the author of the book 关于这本书的作者 一些批评家是怎么
2 ? ( ꎬ
说的
?)
A She neglects peoples efforts in animal protection 她忽视了人们在动物保护方面的努力
) ( ꎮ)
B) She tries to force people to accept her radical ideas (她试图强行让人们接受她激进的
观点ꎮ)
C She ignores the various benefits of public transport 她忽视了公共交通的多种好处
) ( ꎮ)
D She insists vegetarians are harming the environment 她坚持认为素食者正在破坏环境
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 对话中 男士提到 批评家说女士想要在全国强行推进激烈的变化 一些人声称女性
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
想强迫每个人吃素食 让私人交通非法化 可知一些评论家认为女士想强行让人接受
、 ꎬ
她的观点 因此选择B项
ꎮ ꎮ
What does the woman claim about the diet changes she suggested 女士对于自己主张的饮食变化
3 ? (
声称什么
?)
A They are significant 它们意义重大
) ( ꎮ)
— 16 —B They are revolutionary 它们是革命性的
) ( ꎮ)
C They are rational 它们很理性
) ( ꎮ)
D) They are modest (它们很温和ꎮ)
【解析】 对话中 女士说在她的拯救环境指南中 她提议做出温和的改变 比如一周吃两次素
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
食 因此选择D项
ꎮ ꎮ
What does the woman say about her suggested tax increase 女士关于自己提出的加税建议是怎么
4 ? (
说的
?)
A) It would help to protect the environment (有助于保护环境ꎮ)
B It would generate money for public health 将为公共卫生创造资金
) ( ꎮ)
C It would need support from the general public 需要公众支持
) ( ꎮ)
D It would force poor people to change their diet 将迫使穷人改变饮食习惯
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 对话末尾 女士提到 她建议征收的税并不高 且征税的钱可以分配给环境保护 这
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
能造福所有人 即女士认为征税有利于保护环境 因此选择A项
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
Questions5 to8 are based on the conversation you have just heard
【原文】
M With me in the studio today is Miss Jane Logan author of the new book Secrets to Success
: ꎬ
She claims to have uncovered how people achieve success So Miss Logan in your book you
(5) ꎬ ꎬ
claim that successful people have many things in common For instance they know their strengths when
ꎬ
pursuing a goal
W Thats right They also tend to be motivated by a negative or positive life event They
: (6)
credit their success to having someone in their life who believes in them
M You also write that there are a number of different factors related to success And while
:
successful people are driven to achieve their goals the ultra ̄successful have even greater ambition
ꎬ
W Yes greater ambition as well as a burning desire to be the best of the best is also a common
: ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
characteristic
M Right So those who are determined dont see obstacles as something that prevents success but
: ꎬ
mere inconveniences that need to be overcome
W Absolutely Successful people are also optimistic as it is important to stay positive while
: (7)
being aware of obstacles that can deter us from achieving our goals
M Thats a good point All too often people give up at the first hurdle Would you say then that
:
most successful people make it all by themselves
?
W Not exactly They are usually good at cooperating with people and understanding the needs of
:
others
M So people will be willing to help them I guess
: ꎬ
— 17 —W Thats correct And this often leads to a great deal of mutual respect whether its for a
: —
colleague an assistant or even a receptionist
ꎬ
M Most successful people I know are very passionate about their work Would you say that
: (8)
passion is the single biggest key to success
?
W Not entirely Theres a prerequisite that is you have to work in an environment that
: (8) ꎬ ꎬ
nurtures passion If that exists success will follow
ꎬ
答案详解
What does the woman revealed in her book 女士在她的书中揭示了什么
5 ? ( ?)
A Where successful peoples strengths come from 成功人士的优势来自何处
) ( ꎮ)
B Why many people fight so hard for success 为什么很多人为了成功如此努力
) ( ꎮ)
C How she achieved her lifes goal 女士如何实现了她的人生目标
) ( ꎮ)
D) What makes people successful (是什么使人成功ꎮ)
【解析】 对话开头 男士提到 女士声称她揭秘了人们如何实现成功 因此选择D项
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
What do successful people attribute their achievements to 成功者将他们的成就归功于什么
6 ? ( ?)
A) Having someone who has confidence in them (有人对他们有信心ꎮ)
B Having someone who is ready to help them 有人愿意帮助他们
) ( ꎮ)
C Having a firm belief in their own ability 对自己的能力有坚定的信念
) ( ꎮ)
D Having a realistic attitude towards life 有现实的生活态度
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 对话中 女士说成功者将自己的成功归因于生活中有信任他们的人 因此选择A项
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
What do successful people do when faced with difficulties 成功者在面临困难时会做什么
7 ? ( ?)
A They adjust their goals accordingly 他们相应地调整他们的目标
) ( ꎮ)
B They try hard to appear optimistic 他们尽力表现得乐观
) ( ꎮ)
C) They stay positive (他们保持积极态度ꎮ)
D They remain calm 他们保持冷静
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 对话中 女士提到 成功者还很乐观 因为在意识到阻碍我们实现目标的障碍时 重
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
要的是保持积极态度 即成功者面对困难仍保存积极 因此选择C项
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
What is one prerequisite for passionate work according to the woman 据女士所说 充满激情的工
8 ? ( ꎬ
作的一个前提是什么
?)
A An understanding leadership 宽容的领导
) ( ꎮ)
B) A nurturing environment (滋养型的环境ꎮ)
C Mutual respect among colleagues 同事之间的相互尊重
) ( ꎮ)
D Highly cooperative teammates 高度配合的队友
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 对话末尾 男士问女士对工作的激情是否是成功的唯一关键 女士说不全是这样 前
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
提是你需要在一个能培养激情的环境中工作 因此选择B项
ꎮ ꎮ
— 18 —Section B
Questions9 to11 are based on the passage you have just heard
【原文】
The saying blind as a bat simply isnt correct The truth is that all bat species can see and
“ ” 1ꎬ 100
often their vision is pretty good although not just excellent as other night ̄hunting animals
ꎬ
There are two main groups of bats which are believed to have evolved independently of each other
ꎬ ꎬ
but both from a common ancestor The first group known as mega bats are mostly medium ̄sized or
(9)
large bats who eat fruits flowers and sometimes small animals or fish These species have
(9)
distinctive visual centers and big eyes They use senses of vision and smell to capture their prey For
example flying foxes not only see well during daylight but can also distinguish colors They actually
ꎬ ꎬ
rely on their daylight vision and cannot fly during the night with no moonlight
The second group called micro bats are smaller in size and mostly eat insects These
(10) “ ”
species use echolocation to find their way and identify food Scientists have proven that despite their
poorly developed small eyes these bats still can see during the day When we consider that nightly
ꎬ
lifestyle of these bats we will see they have to be sensitive to the changing light levels because this is
ꎬ
how they sense when to start hunting Moreover vision is used by micro bats to travel over long
ꎬ
distances beyond the range of echolocation
So the truth is there are no bats which are naturally blind Some species use their sense of
ꎬ (11)
hearing more than their eyes as a matter of adaptation to a particular lifestyle but their eyes are still
ꎬ
functional
答案详解
What do we learn about mega bats 我们对于巨型蝙蝠有什么了解
9 ? ( ?)
A They use their sense of hearing to capture their prey 巨型蝙蝠用听觉来捕捉猎物
) ( ꎮ)
B Their food mainly consists of small animals and fish 巨型蝙蝠的食物主要是小动物和鱼
) ( ꎮ)
C) They have big eyes and distinctive visual centers (巨型蝙蝠有大眼睛和独特的视觉中心ꎮ)
D Their ancestor is different from that of micro bats 巨型蝙蝠的祖先与微型蝙蝠的祖先不同
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 文章开头提到 第一类蝙蝠被称为 巨型蝙蝠 并提到它们有独特的视觉中心和大眼
ꎬ “ ”ꎬ
睛 因此选择C项
ꎮ ꎮ
How do microbats find their way and identify food 微型蝙蝠如何找到方向和定位食物
10 ? ( ?)
A With the help of moonlight 借助月光
) ( ꎮ)
B) By means of echolocation (通过回声定位方法ꎮ)
C With the aid of daylight vision 借助白天的视觉
) ( ꎮ)
D By means of vision and smell 通过视觉和嗅觉
) ( ꎮ)
— 19 —【解析】 文中提到 第二种蝙蝠叫 微型蝙蝠 它们利用回声定位辨认方向和寻找食物 因
ꎬ “ ”ꎬ ꎮ
此选择B项
ꎮ
Why do some species of bats use their sense of hearing more than their eyes 为什么一些种类的
11 ? (
蝙蝠更多利用听觉而非视觉
?)
A To make up for their natural absence of vision 为了弥补天生的视力缺失
) ( ꎮ)
B) To adapt themselves to a particular lifestyle (为了让自己适应特定的生活方式ꎮ)
C To facilitate their travel over long distances 为了方便长途迁徙
) ( ꎮ)
D To survive in the ever ̄changing weather 为了在不断变化的气象中生存
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 文中提到 一些种类的蝙蝠更多地使用听觉而不是视觉 这是为了适应特定的生活方
ꎬ ꎬ
式 但是它们仍然在使用眼睛 因此选择B项
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
Questions12 to15 are based on the passage you have just heard
【原文】
A study has found that educational TV shows come with an added lesson that influences the childs
behavior Children spending more time watching educational programs increase their emotional
(12)
aggression toward other children This shows that children can learn the educational lesson that was
intended However theyre also learning other things along the way This unintended impact has to do
ꎬ
with the portrayal of conflict in media and how preschool age children comprehend that conflict TV and
movie producers often incorporate an element of bad behavior This is to teach children a lesson at the
end of the program
Educational shows have pro ̄education and pro ̄social goals However conflict between characters is
ꎬ
often depicted with characters being unkind to each other or they may use emotionally aggressive tactics
ꎬ
with each other Preschool children really dont get the moral of the story Thats because it
(13)
requires that they understand how all the parts of the show fit together You need pretty complicated
cognitive skills and memory skills to be able to do that These are still developing in young children
However parents shouldnt completely constrain childrens viewing Parents should instead
ꎬ (14)
watch with theirkidsand help them to understand theplot Parentscan comment along theway and
(15)
then explain the message at the end They should explain how certain types behavior were not
appropriate This will help children interpret and get the message and help them learn to watch the show
for those messages
答案详解
What does the passage say about children watching educational programs 关于儿童看教育节目
12 ? ( ꎬ
文章说了什么
?)
A They acquire knowledge not found in books 他们获得书本上没有的知识
) ( ꎮ)
B They learn how to interact with their peers 他们学习如何与同龄人互动
) ( ꎮ)
— 20 —C) They become more emotionally aggressive (他们在情绪上变得更有攻击性ꎮ)
D They get much better prepared for school 他们为上学准备得更加充分
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 文中提到 花更多时间看教育节目的孩子会对其他孩子有更强的情绪攻击性 因此选
ꎬ ꎮ
择C项
ꎮ
Why cant preschool children get the moral conveyed in the TV programs 为什么学龄前儿童无
13 ? (
法理解电视节目传达的道理
?)
A They are far from emotionally prepared 他们远没有做好情感准备
) ( ꎮ)
B They tend to be more attracted by images 他们往往更容易被图像所吸引
) ( ꎮ)
C They cant follow the conflicts in the show 他们无法理解节目中的冲突
) ( ꎮ)
D) They lack the cognitive and memory skills (他们缺少认知和记忆能力ꎮ)
【解析】 文中提到 学龄前儿童无法真正懂得故事的道理 因为这要求他们理解节目的各个部
ꎬ ꎬ
分如何组合在一起 要做到这点需要非常复杂的认知能力和记忆能力 但年幼儿童的
ꎬ ꎬ
这些能力处于发展期 可知该阶段的儿童缺乏认知和记忆能力 因此选择D项
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
What does the passage suggest parents do 文章建议父母做什么
14 ? ( ?)
A Choose appropriate programs for their children 为孩子选择合适的课程
) ( ꎮ)
B) Help their children understand the programs plot (帮助孩子理解节目的情节ꎮ)
C Outline the programs plot for their children first 首先为孩子概括节目的情节
) ( ꎮ)
D Monitor their childrens watching of TV programs 监控孩子观看电视节目
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 文中提到 家长应该和孩子一起看节目 以帮助孩子理解情节 因此选择B项
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
Why should parents do right after watching the TV program 在看完电视节目之后 父母应该立
15 ? ( ꎬ
即做什么
?)
A) Explain its message to their children (向孩子解释该节目的要旨ꎮ)
B Check if their children have enjoyed it 确认孩子是否喜欢该节目
) ( ꎮ)
C Encourage their children to retell the story 鼓励孩子复述这个故事
) ( ꎮ)
D Ask their children to describe its characters 让孩子描述该节目的角色
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 文中提到 家长可以在和孩子一起看节目的过程中进行评论 最后解释 节目的
ꎬ ꎬ ( )
要旨 因此选择A项
ꎮ ꎮ
Section C
Questions16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard
【原文】
Whileit haslongbeenat practiceinAsiancountries manypeopleinWesterncountrieshaveyet
ꎬ(16)
to embrace the no shoes in house rule For many in those countries wiping their shoes before going
“ ” ꎬ
inside is recorded as sufficient After all they may think a little dirt doesnt hurt anyone But I
(16) ꎬ ꎬ
can give you several good reasons why people should remove their shoes before going inside their homes
— 21 —Bacteria are everywhere They collect on your shoes when you walk along sidewalks public toilet
ꎬ
floors and even office carpets In one study conducted at an American university researchers
(17) ꎬ
collected microscopic germs from footwear They found that up to units of bacteria can collect
421ꎬ 000
on the outside of a single shoe and it only takes a little bit of dirt to damage your timber floors The
ꎬ
more dirt you track in the more it scratches and the more often you have to clean The extra scrubbing
ꎬ
will harm your floors overtime
Shoes can also leave marks and scratches on floors especially high heels or shoes with pointy or
ꎬ
hard parts These can dent and scratch your floor And if you live in an apartment building removing
ꎬ
your noisy shoes is the polite thing to do out of consideration for your downstairs neighbors Walking
around with bare feet is actually better for your feet It strengthens the muscles in your feet Though
many people are accustomed to wearing shoes during all their waking hours the more time you spend
ꎬ
wearing shoes the more likely you are to incur foot injuries as a result
ꎬ
And if people arent yet convinced by my arguments I can give one final reason that dust and
(18) ꎬ
toxic chemicals you bring into your house via your shoes can deteriorate the air quality in your home
Toxic chemicalsareeverywherein ourlives insect killing chemicalsused on publicgrassareas cleaning
— ꎬ
chemicals on the floors of public areas By kicking off your shoes before you enter the home you are
ꎬ
denying entry to these harmful chemicals Given the amount of time we spend in classrooms and the
number of shoes that pass through them every day you may well understand me if I were to propose a
ꎬ
no shoes in the classroom rule
“ ”
答案详解
Why dont many Westerners take off shoes before entering a house 为什么许多西方人进入房屋
16 ? (
之前不脱鞋
?)
A They are afraid of injuring their feet 他们害怕脚受伤
) ( ꎮ)
B They have never developed the habit 他们从来没有养成这个习惯
) ( ꎮ)
C) They believe a little dirt harms no one (他们认为一点污垢没什么危害ꎮ)
D They find it rather troublesome to do so 他们觉得这样做很麻烦
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 文中提到 许多西方国家的人还没有接受 进屋脱鞋 的规矩 然后提到他们觉得
ꎬ “ ” ꎬ
一点污垢不会伤害到谁 因此选择C项
ꎮ ꎮ
What is the finding of one study by researchers at an American university 一所美国大学的研究
17 ? (
者们进行的研究发现了什么
?)
A Different types of bacteria existed on public ̄toilet floors 公共厕所地板上有各种细菌
) ( ꎮ)
B There were more bacteria on sidewalks than in the home 人行道上的细菌比家里多
) ( ꎮ)
C Office carpets collected more bacteria than elsewhere 办公室地毯比其他地方聚集更多的
) (
细菌
ꎮ)
D) A large number of bacteria collected on a single shoe (一只鞋子上携带了大量细菌ꎮ)
— 22 —【解析】 文中提到 在一所美国大学展开的研究中 研究者们搜集了鞋上的微小细菌 发现一
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
只鞋子表面可能存在多达 万个单位的细菌 因此选择D项
421 ꎮ ꎮ
What is the final reason the speaker gives for removing shoes before entering a house 关于进屋之
18 ? (
前脱鞋 说话人最终给出了什么原因
ꎬ ?)
A) The chemicals on shoes can deteriorate air quality (鞋子上的化学物质会损害空气质量ꎮ)
B Shoes can upset family members with their noise 鞋子的噪音会使家人感到心烦
) ( ꎮ)
C The marks left by shoes are hard to erase 鞋子留下的痕迹很难擦掉
) ( ꎮ)
D Shoes can leave scratches on the floor 鞋子会在地板上留下划痕
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 文章末尾 讲者说如果人们还不相信我的论证 我可以给出一个最终的理由 你带入
ꎬ ꎬ :
房屋内的尘土和有毒化学物质能让你家里的空气质量恶化 因此选择A项
ꎮ ꎮ
Questions19 to21 are based on the recording you have just heard
【原文】
Emotions are an essential and inseparable part of our consciousness They are part of a built ̄in
mechanism which allows us to cope with the ups and downs of our lives both physically and mentally
When we hideouremotionsand ourtruefeelings westop being genuine spontaneousand authentic
ꎬ ꎬ
in our relationships When we put on cultivated and polished faces in the company of others we stop
ꎬ
being true to ourselves Socially it may be a good tactic to hide our true emotions but morally it
(19) ꎬ ꎬ
is also a breach of faith and trust
Although humans are more advanced and intelligent animals are more genuine and authentic in their
ꎬ
behavior and responses than human beings The more educated we are the less transparent and reliable
ꎬ
we become We are drawn to our pets because pets do not lie
One of the first steps in dealing with emotions such as anger or fear is to acknowledge them as
(20)
normal and human There is nothing sinful or immoral about being emotional unless your emotions make
you inhuman insensitive and true to others Feelings of guilt associated with emotions are more
ꎬ
devastating and damaging than the experience of emotion itself So when you deal with the problem of
emotions you should learn not only how to control them but also how to accept them and manage the
ꎬ ꎬ
guilt and anguish arising from them
Our brains are made up of a primitive inner core and a more involved and rational outer core Most
of the time the rational part of the mind controls the information coming from the primitive core and
ꎬ
makes its own decisions as to what to do and how to respond However during critical situations
ꎬ ꎬ
especially when a threat is perceived the outer core loses control and fails to regulate the impulses and
ꎬ
instinctive responses coming from the primitive brain As a result we let disturbing thoughts and
ꎬ
emotions arise in our consciousness and surrender to our primitive behavior In times of emotional
turmoil remember that emotions arise because your sensors are wired to the primitive part of your mind
ꎬ
— 23 —which is self ̄regulated autonomous and spontaneous Your rational mind does not always deal with the
ꎬ
messages coming from it effectively These messages are part of your survival mechanism and should be
stifled simply because emotions are unhealthy and betray your weaknesses When emotions arise
(21) ꎬ
instead of stifling them pay attention to them and try to understand the messages they are trying to
ꎬ
deliver This way you make use of your emotions without losing your balance and inner stability
ꎬ
答案详解
What does the speaker say about hiding ones emotions 说话人关于隐藏情绪是怎么说的
19 ? ( ?)
A It is sinful and immoral 隐藏情绪是有罪和不道德的
) ( ꎮ)
B It is deemed uncivilized 隐藏情绪被认为是不文明的
) ( ꎮ)
C It is an uncontrollable behavior 隐藏情绪是一种无法控制的行为
) ( ꎮ)
D) It is a violation of faith and trust (隐藏情绪违背了信仰和信任ꎮ)
【解析】 文中提到 隐藏真实的感受在社会方面可能是个好方法 但在道德方面是对信仰和信
ꎬ ꎬ
任的损害 因此选择D项
ꎮ ꎮ
What should we do first in dealing with emotions 要处理情绪 我们首先要做什么
20 ? ( ꎬ ?)
A Assess their consequences 评估情绪的后果
) ( ꎮ)
B Guard against their harm 预防情绪的危害
) ( ꎮ)
C) Accept them as normal (接受情绪是正常的ꎮ)
D Find out their causes 找出情绪的原因
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 文中提到 处理愤怒 恐惧等情绪的一个首要步骤是承认它们是人之常情 因此选择
ꎬ 、 ꎮ
C项
ꎮ
What are we advised to do when emotions arise 当情绪产生的时候 我们被建议做什么
21 ? ( ꎬ ?)
A) Try to understand what messages they convey (试图理解情绪传达的信息ꎮ)
B Pay attention to their possible consequences 注意情绪可能产生的后果
) ( ꎮ)
C Consider them from different perspectives 从不同的角度思考情绪
) ( ꎮ)
D Make sure they are brought under control 确保情绪受到控制
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 文中提到 当情绪出现时 与其遏制它们 不如重视它们并试图理解它们想传达的信
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
息 因此选择A项
ꎮ ꎮ
Questions22 to25 are based on the recording you have just heard
【原文】
Good morning class My topic today is how to feed a hungry world The worlds population is
“ ”
expected to grow from billion today to billion by Meanwhile the worlds population more
68 91 2050 ꎬ
than doubled from billion between and Simultaneously food production has been
3 1961 2007 ꎬ
constrained by alack ofscientificresearch Still thetask offeeding theworldspopulation in seems
ꎬ 2050
easily possible
— 24 —What is needed is a second green revolution This is an approach that is described as the
(22)
sustainable growth of global agriculture Such a revolution will require a wholesale shift of
“ ” (22)
priorities in agricultural research There is an urgent need for new crop varieties They must offer higher
yields but use less water nitrogen ̄rich fertilizers or other inputs These new crops must also be more
ꎬ
resistant to drought heat and pests Equally crucial is lower ̄tech research into basics such as crop
ꎬ
rotation and mixed farming of animals and plants on small farms
Developing nations could score substantial gains in productivity by making better use of modern
technologies and practices but that requires money It is estimated that to meet the
ꎬ (23) 2050
challenge investment must double to billion US dollars a year Most of that money needs to go
ꎬ 83
towards improving agricultural infrastructure everything from production to storage and processing must
— ꎬ
improve However research agendas need to be focused on the needs of the poorest and most
(24) ꎬ
resource ̄limited countries It is there that most of the worlds population lives and it is there that
ꎬ
population growth over the next decades will be the greatest
To their credit theworldsagricultural scientistsareembracing such abroad view In March
(24) ꎬ ꎬ
for example they came together at the first Global Conference on Agricultural Research to begin working
ꎬ
out how to change research agendas to help meet the needs of farmers in poorer nations But these plans
will not bear fruit unless they get considerably more support from policymakers
The growth in public agricultural research spending peaked in the s and has been
(25) 1970
shrinking ever since The big exception is China where spending has far surpassed other countries over
ꎬ
the past decade China seems set to transition to become the key supplier of relevant science and
technology to poorer countries But developed countries have a humanitarian responsibility too Calls by
ꎬ
scientists for large increases in the appropriation of funds for public spending on agricultural research are
more than justified
答案详解
What isan urgent need forfeeding theworldspopulation in according to thespeaker 据说话
22 2050 ? (
人所说 养活 年的世界人口的急迫需求是什么
ꎬ 2050 ?)
A) Cultivation of new varieties of crops (培育新的作物品种ꎮ)
B Measures to cope with climate change 应对气候变化的措施
) ( ꎮ)
C Development of more effective pesticides 开发更有效的杀虫剂
) ( ꎮ)
D Application of more nitrogen ̄rich fertilizers 使用更多的富氮肥料
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 文中提到 如果想要完成在 年养活全世界人口的任务 就需要第二次绿色革命
ꎬ 2050 ꎬ ꎮ
这样一场革命需要农业研究重点的大规模转移 一个急迫的需求是新作物品种 因此
ꎬ ꎮ
选择A项
ꎮ
Where should most of the money be invested to feed the ever ̄growing population 为了养活不断
23 ? (
增长的人口 大部分金钱应投资在哪里
ꎬ ?)
— 25 —A The expansion of farmland in developing countries 发展中国家耕地的扩大
) ( ꎮ)
B The research on crop rotation in developing countries 发展中国家的轮作研究
) ( ꎮ)
C The cooperation of the worlds agricultural scientists 世界农业科学家的合作
) ( ꎮ)
D) The improvement of agricultural infrastructure (农业基础设施的改善ꎮ)
【解析】 文中提到 为应对 年挑战 资金投入预计需要翻倍 大部分的资金需要流向改
ꎬ 2050 ꎬ ꎬ
善农业基础设施 因此选择D项
ꎮ ꎮ
Why does the speaker give credit to the worlds agricultural scientists 说话人为什么赞扬世界上
24 ? (
的农业科学家
?)
A For encouraging farmers to embrace new farming techniques 鼓励农民采用新的农业技术
) ( ꎮ)
B For aligning their research with advances in farming technology 使他们的研究跟上农业技术
) (
的进步
ꎮ)
C) For turning their focus to the needs of farmers in poorer countries (将注意力转向更贫穷国
家的农民ꎮ)
D For cooperating closely with policymakers in developing countries 与发展中国家的政策制定
) (
者密切合作
ꎮ)
【解析】 文中提到 研究计划应该针对最贫穷 最缺乏资源的国家 随后提到 值得肯定的
ꎬ 、 ꎬ ꎬ
是 世界上的农业科学家正在接纳如此宏观的视角 并在 月探讨如何改变研究日程
ꎬ ꎬ 3
以满足贫穷国家农民的需求 可知说话人肯定的是农业科学家转向关注穷国农民的需
ꎬ
求 因此选择C项
ꎮ ꎮ
What makes China exceptional in comparison with the rest of the world 跟世界其他国家相比
25 ? ( ꎬ
是什么让中国不同寻常
?)
A Rapid transition to become a food exporter 迅速转型为食品出口国
) ( ꎮ)
B) Substantial funding in agricultural research (对农业研究的大量资金投入ꎮ)
C Quick rise to become a leading grain producer 快速崛起成为粮食生产大国
) ( ꎮ)
D Assumption of humanitarian responsibilities 承担人道主义责任
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 文章末尾提到 当全世界公共农业研究支出都在萎缩时 中国是一个很大的例外 中
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
国在农业研究上的支出在过去 年内远超其他国家 因此选择B项
10 ꎮ ꎮ
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
参考译文
心理学家莎朗 德雷珀认为 人们的着装选择绝对会影响自身健康 当我们穿着不合身的衣
ꎬ ꎮ
— 26 —服 或者在某个活动上觉得自己穿得过于隆重或不得体时 便会很自然地感到局促不安 甚至有
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
压力 相反 她表示 选择合身并 契合自身风格审美的衣服可以增强个人自信心
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ (26) ꎮ
不过 你是否能通过 现有的衣物来改善健康 而不必冲出去购买一整个 衣柜的
ꎬ (27) ꎬ (28)
新衣服呢 当然可以 德雷珀说 如果你的目标是改善思维 她建议挑选合身且不易引发焦躁
? “ ꎬ” ꎮ ꎬ
情绪的衣服 因此 要避免蝴蝶结 领带和各种不必要的 配饰 选择你认为与目标相关的
ꎮ ꎬ 、 (29) ꎮ
衣服也会有所帮助 如果你想在工作中表现得更好 就选择你 认为能体现专业性的着装
ꎮ ꎬ (30) ꎮ
德雷珀表示 这种做法符合 行为激活 的概念 即通过 采取某种行为 这个例子中 指
ꎬ “ ” ꎬ (31) ( ꎬ
的是选择着装 让人走上实现目标的道路 更加努力地工作
)ꎬ ( )ꎮ
改善 整体心态的另一种方法就是混搭着装 德雷珀指出 如果总穿同样的衣服 哪
(32) ꎮ ꎬ ———
怕是最喜欢的衣服 我们也常常会感到拘泥于陈规 因此 选择一件你不常穿的衣服 或者为套
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
装添加一些不同的元素 比如一顶帽子 就能让情绪产生 积极变化 在你十分 不愿
ꎬ ꎬ (33) ꎮ (34)
直面现实时 德雷珀建议选择有纪念意义的衣服 比如你在某个特殊日子里穿过或者所爱之人赠
ꎬ ꎬ
送的衣服 因为这种带有 美好联想的衣服可以帮你发掘有建设性的情绪
ꎬ (35) ꎮ
词性归类
名词:
A accessories 配饰 G frame 框架 整体思想 H locations 地点 位置
) ) ꎻ ) ꎬ
K profile 概述 印象 N showcase 玻璃陈列柜 显示优点的场合 机会
) ꎻ ) ꎻ ( )
O wardrobe 衣柜
)
动词:
B align 使一致 E engaging 参与 活动 吸引住 I perceive 将 理解为
) ) ( )ꎻ )
K profile 概述 写简介 L prospering 繁荣 兴旺
) ꎬ ) ꎬ
形容词:
D current 现在的 E engaging 有趣的 迷人的 F fond 喜爱 愉快的
) ) ꎬ ) ꎻ
L prospering 繁荣的 M reluctant 不情愿的
) )
副词:
C concurrently 同时发生地 J positively 积极地 绝对地
) ) ꎻ
答案详解
B align
26 )
【解析】 空格位于and之后 与 fit well 并列作为定语从句中的谓语 由此可知 空格处须填
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
入动词原形 文中提到 相反 德雷珀表示 选择合适的 你的风格审美的
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ 、
衣服可以增加自信 与 合适的 含义相似的是 符合自身风格的 故选择 B 项
ꎮ “ ” “ ”ꎬ
align align with意为 与 相符 该句意思为 选择合身并契合自身风格审美
ꎬ “ ”ꎮ : “
的衣服可以增强个人自信心
ꎮ”
D current
27 )
【解析】 空格位于your之后 clothing之前 且空格所在句句子主干完整 故空格处须填入形
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
— 27 —容词修饰clothing 前文说选择符合自身风格的衣服能增加自信 该句提到 但是能
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
否在不买新东西的情况下 通过衣着改善健康呢 与 不买新的 对应的是 现有
ꎬ ? “ ” “
的 故选择D项current 该句意思为 不过 你是否能通过现有的衣物来改善健
”ꎬ ꎮ : “ ꎬ
康
ꎬ ”ꎮ
O wardrobe
28 )
【解析】 空格位于buy a whole new之后 充当buy的宾语 故空格处须填入名词 文中提到
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
但是能否通过你现有的衣服改善健康 而不用冲出去买新的呢 根据前半句可知 这
ꎬ ? ꎬ
里指的是 买很多新衣服 即 买一整个衣柜的新衣服 故选择 O 项 wardrobe
“ ”ꎬ “ ”ꎬ ꎮ
showcase多指指货品的玻璃陈列柜 故排除选项N 该句意思为 而不必冲出
ꎬ ꎮ : “
去购买一整个衣柜的新衣服呢
?”
A accessories
29 )
【解析】 空格位于unnecessary 之后 空格与 bows ties并列 共同充当 avoid 的宾语 故空格
ꎬ 、 ꎬ ꎬ
处须填入名词 文中提到 如果想改善思维 德雷珀建议选择不容易引起焦躁的衣
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
服 所以应避免蝴蝶结 领带和不必要的物品 蝴蝶结 领带都属于额外的装饰物
ꎬ 、 ꎮ 、 ꎬ
备选项中与之表意最相近的只有accessories 故选择A项 该句意思为 因此 要避
ꎬ ꎮ : “ ꎬ
免蝴蝶结 领带和各种不必要的配饰
、 ꎮ”
I perceive
30 )
【解析】 空格位于you之后 as trying 之前 空格所在句句子主干完整 推测 you with your
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
goals是省略了关系代词的定语从句 修饰 clothes 从句中缺少谓语 故空格处须填
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
入动词 文中提到 选择你 符合你目标的衣服也是有帮助的 因此 为了工
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
作表现得更好 应选择职业化的着装 为了提高职业表现选择职业化服装 也就是选
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
择你 认为 或 理解为 符合目标的服装 故选择 I 项 perceive 该句意思为
“ ” “ ” ꎬ ꎮ :
如果你想在工作中表现得更好 就选择你认为能体现专业性的着装
“ ꎬ ꎮ”
E engaging
31 )
【解析】 空格位于in a behavior 之前 且位于whereby引导的非限制性定语从句中 从句中缺
ꎬ ꎬ
少主语 因此空格处须填入名词 文中提到 行为激活 指的是 一种行为
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ “ ”
可以让你踏上实现自己目标的道路 第一处括号是对 in a behavior 具体说
ꎬ
明 挑选合适的衣服是在进行一种行为 备选名词中没有表意类似的词 故考虑动名
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
词 备选动词中只有engaging与in搭配能表达 参与 故选择 E 项 该句意思为
ꎬ “ ”ꎬ ꎮ :
德雷珀表示 这种做法符合 行为激活 的概念 即通过采取某种行为 这个例子
“ ꎬ ‘ ’ ꎬ (
中 指的是选择着装 让人走上实现目标的道路 更加努力地工作
ꎬ )ꎬ ( )ꎮ”
G frame
32 )
【解析】 空格位于your之后 of mind 之前 由此可知 空格处须填入名词 充当 improve 的
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
宾语 前一段讲的是通过衣着改善健康的方式 后文提到 改变情绪 可知该句中
ꎮ ꎬ “ ”ꎬ
的another way指的是改善思想或心态的方式 故选择 G 项 frame frame of mind 指
ꎬ ꎬ
— 28 —心情 心态 该句意思为 改善整体心态的另一种方法就是混搭着装
“ ꎬ ”ꎮ : “ ꎮ”
J positively
33 )
【解析】 空格位于can之后 shift之前 空格所在句结构完整 由此可知 空格处须填入副词
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
修饰shift 文中提到 因为长期穿同样的衣服可能会让人感到陷入陈规 那么选择你
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
不常穿的衣服 或者添加不同的元素 可以改变你的情绪 这种做法是为了避免陷入
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
陈规 即会产生积极作用 故选择J项positively 该句意思为 因此 选择一件你
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ : “ ꎬ
不常穿的衣服 或者为套装添加一些不同的元素 比如一顶帽子 就能让情绪产生积
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
极变化
ꎮ”
M reluctant
34 )
【解析】 空格位于youre really之后 to brave之前 故空格须填入形容词 文中提到 在你十
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
分 勇敢面对世界时 德雷珀建议选择带情感含义的衣服 后文提到 帮你发
ꎬ ꎮ “
掘积极的情绪 可知该建议针对的是你不愿意面对世界这种消极情况 故选择M项
”ꎬ ꎬ
reluctant 该句意思为 在你十分不愿直面现实时 德雷珀建议选择有纪念意义的衣
ꎮ : “ ꎬ
服
ꎬ ”ꎮ
F fond
35 )
【解析】 空格位于clothes with之后 associations 之前 且空格位于 as 引导的从句中 从句结
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
构完整 故空格处须填入形容词修饰 associations 文中提到选择带有情感含义的衣
ꎬ ꎮ
服 例如你在特殊日子穿的 或是所爱之人给的 可知这里的情感是温情的 表示喜
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ 、
爱的 故选择F项fond 该句意思为 因为这种带有 美好联想的衣服
ꎬ ꎮ : “ꎬ (35)
可以帮你发掘有建设性的情绪
ꎮ”
Section B
参考译文
音乐课是否能真正让孩子变得更聪明
A 最近的一项分析发现 大多数研究曲解了音乐与技能提升之间的关系
) ꎬ ꎮ
B 年 一篇题为 音乐课有助于提高智商 的论文发表在 心理科学 期刊上 论文作者
) 2004 ꎬ « » « » ꎮ
格伦 谢伦伯格是作曲家 心理学家 他曾进行过一项实验 将 名儿童随机分成四个小
、 ꎬ ꎬ 144
组 一组学一年电子琴 一组上声乐课 一组上表演课 对照组则未参加任何课外培训 在
: ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
一年的时间里 学习音乐的两组孩子智商平均提高了 分 另外两组则平均提高了 分
ꎬ 7 ꎻ 43 ꎮ
C 长期以来 谢伦伯格一直对音乐教育能提高儿童抽象推理 数学或语言技能的科学说法
) (38) ꎬ 、
持怀疑态度 他认为 如果会弹钢琴的孩子更聪明 这并不一定意味着他们是因为会弹钢琴
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
才更聪明 这也可能是因为弹钢琴的孩子碰巧更有抱负 或者更擅长专注于某一任务 毕竟
ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
相关性并不能证明因果关系
ꎮ
D 这篇 年发表的论文就是专为解决这些问题而写 作为一名热忱的音乐家 谢伦伯格很高
) 2004 ꎮ ꎬ
兴自己发现了可靠证据 证明音乐对普通智商具有迁移效应 但在近十年后的 年
ꎬ ꎮ (42) 2013 ꎬ
— 29 —教育天赋基金会资助了一项规模更大的研究 有 多名学生参加 该研究未能证实谢伦伯格
ꎬ 900 ꎮ
的发现 没有证据表明音乐课能提高孩子的数学和读写能力
ꎬ ꎮ
E 谢伦伯格坦然接受了这一消息 同时继续对同领域的研究投以怀疑的目光 最近 他决
) ꎬ ꎮ (36) ꎬ
定开始正式调研证明音乐和智商之间存在因果关系的心理学和神经学研究的频率 他认为这种
ꎬ
因果关系是错误的 至少是不成熟的 他在 月发表的研究结果表明 很多同行正好都在做
——— ꎮ 5 ꎬ
这件事
ꎮ
F 在最近的研究中 谢伦伯格让两位研究助理寻找关于音乐教育效果的相关研究 他们发
) (44) ꎬ ꎮ
现 自 年以来共有 篇相关论文被发表 为评估作者是否声称音乐与智商存在因果关
ꎬ 2000 114 ꎮ
系 研究助理随后在每篇论文的标题和摘要中寻找提示性动词 如 增强 促进 推
ꎬ ꎬ “ ”、 “ ”、 “
动 加强 等 如果研究采用了磁共振之类的大脑成像方法 或出现在标题含有 大脑
”、 “ ” ꎮ ꎬ “ ”、
神经科学 或相关术语的期刊上 那么这些论文就被归类为神经科学研究 如果不是 论文
“ ” ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
被归类为心理学研究 谢伦伯格并未告知助手他到底意图证明什么
ꎮ (44) ꎮ
G 在计算预估的数据后 谢伦伯格总结道 大多数文章都错误地声称音乐训练能够产生因
) (39) ꎬ :
果效应 他还发现 这种过度吹嘘在神经学研究中更为普遍 其中四分之三的研究将音乐训
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
练和技能提升之间的单纯联系错误地表述为因果关系 这一结果可能会让一些人感到惊讶
ꎮ ꎮ
一段时间以来 心理学家一直在与那些指责他们不做 真正 科学研究的人做斗争 这在
ꎬ “ ” ———
很大程度上是因为许多经典实验的结果已被证明具有不可复制性 但另一方面 使用脑部扫
ꎮ ꎬ
描和脑电图技术的神经科学家却并未遭受同等程度的批评
ꎮ
H 为论证因果关系 科学家必须尽量解释这种关系为什么以及如何会发生 在谈及音乐的转移
) ꎬ ꎮ
效应时 科学家们经常提到大脑的可塑性 即大脑会根据我们对它的实际使用而发生相应变
ꎬ ꎬ
化 例如 当孩子学习拉小提琴时 一些研究表明负责左手手指精细运动技能的大脑区域可
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
能会得到开发 许多实验也表明 音乐训练能够提高某些听觉能力 比如从背景噪音中
ꎮ (41) ꎬ ꎬ
过滤出人声 或找出辅音 b 和 g 的区别
ꎬ “ ” “ ” ꎮ
I 但谢伦伯格对可塑性概念在其专业领域的应用仍表示强烈质疑 可塑性本身已经成为一种产
) ꎮ “
业 他在 月发表的论文中写道 他承认 练习确实会改变大脑 但值得怀疑的是这些
”ꎬ 5 ꎮ (45) ꎬ ꎬ
变化是否能影响大脑的其他区域 比如负责空间推理或数学问题的区域
ꎬ ꎮ
J 神经心理学家卢茨 扬克对此表示赞同 他表示 这些研究大多不考虑因果推论
) (43) ꎮ : “ ꎮ”
二十多年来 扬克一直在研究音乐课的影响 他同谢伦伯格一样 认为要真正了解音乐
(43) ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
课的影响 唯一的方法就是进行纵向研究 在这种研究中 研究人员需要在很长一段时间内跟
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
踪上过或没有上过音乐课的儿童群体 即使分配并非完全随机 然后 他们再比较每组的
——— ꎮ ꎬ
结果
ꎮ
K 实际上 一些研究人员正在开始这样做 例如 来自德国海德堡大学的神经学家彼得 施耐
) ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
德已对一组儿童进行了长达十年的跟踪研究 其中部分儿童通过参加德国鲁尔区一个名为
ꎮ
Jedem Kind ein Instrument 每个孩子都有一件乐器 的学校项目拥有了自己的乐器并参
“ ” (“ ” )
加了音乐课程 该项目在政府资助下进行 施奈德发现 在这些孩子中 那些对音乐充满热
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
— 30 —情并自愿练习的孩子在听力和更通用的能力方面都有提高 比如专注能力
ꎬ ꎮ
L 为了确定注意力提高等效果是否归因于音乐训练本身 而不是花时间参加任何形式的课外活
) ꎬ
动 南加州大学心理学教授阿萨尔 哈比比正在对来自洛杉矶低收入家庭的孩子进行一项为期
ꎬ
五年的纵向研究 这些青少年被分为三组 参加课外音乐活动 参加课外体育活动 完全不参
ꎮ : 、 、
加任何课后活动 两年后 哈比比和她的同事报告称 接受音乐训练的孩子大脑中产生了结构
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
性的变化 其中既有局部变化 也有大脑各部分联结通路的变化
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
M 这一发现似乎很有说服力 但参与研究的儿童并非是随机挑选的 那些被音乐吸引的孩子
) ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
是否从一开始便具有某种与众不同之处 却躲过了大脑扫描仪的检测 对此 谢伦伯格表示
ꎬ ? ꎬ :
我是从 岁开始学习钢琴 每天早上 点起床练习的人 这段经历改变了我 让我成为了如
“ 5 、 7 ꎬ ꎬ
今的样子 但问题在于 这样的经历是否会系统性地影响所有个体并产生完全一致的变化
ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ
我认为这应该是信仰的一次巨大飞跃
ꎮ”
N 谢伦伯格是否有他人不具备的隐藏天赋 还是比同龄人更有耐力 和谢伦伯格一样 音
) ? ? (37) ꎬ
乐研究者往往自己就是音乐家 正如他在最近的论文中所指出的 音乐训练 以及其他令人
ꎬ : “ (
愉悦的活动 能对认知和神经产生积极影响的观点 从本质上来说就很有吸引力 谢伦伯格
) ꎬ ꎮ”
还承认 如果他有孩子 他会鼓励孩子上音乐课 上大学 我认为这能让孩子成为更好的
ꎬ ꎬ 、 ꎮ “
人 更审慎 总体而言更加明智 他说
ꎬ ꎬ ”ꎬ ꎮ
O 但他补充道 这些信念在进入实验室之前应该被检验 否则 研究工作会成为一种宗教或信
) ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
仰 如果想成为一名科学家 你就必须摈弃信仰
ꎮ (40) “ ꎬ ꎮ”
答案详解
Glenn Schellenbergs latest research suggests many psychologists and neuroscientists wrongly believe
36
in the causal relationship between music and IQ 格伦 谢伦伯格的最新研究表明 许多心理学
( ꎬ
家和神经科学家错误地认为音乐和智商之间存在因果关系
ꎮ)
【解析】 E 由Glenn Schellenbergs latest research wrongly believe和causal relationship between
) 、
music and IQ定位至E段第 句 定位句指出 谢伦伯格的心理学和神经科学的同仁
2 ꎮ ꎬ
认为音乐和智力之间有因果联系 他认为这种关联是错误的 或者至少是不成熟的
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
因此选择E段
ꎮ
The belief in the positive effects of music training appeals to many researchers who are musicians
37
themselves 对音乐训练的积极影响的信念吸引了许多本身就是音乐家的研究人员
( ꎮ)
【解析】 N 由belief positive effects of music training 和 musicians themselves定位至 N段第
) 、 3
句 定位句指出 像谢伦伯格一样的音乐研究人员往往自己就是音乐家 正如谢伦伯
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
格在最近的论文中所说 音乐训练在认知和神经方面带来积极作用这一想法本身就很
ꎬ
吸引人 因此选择N段
ꎮ ꎮ
Glenn Schellenberg was doubtful about the claim that music education helps enhance childrens
38
intelligence 格伦 谢伦伯格对音乐教育有助于提高儿童智力的说法表示怀疑
( ꎮ)
【解析】 C 由 Glenn Schellenberg doubtful 和 enhance childrens intelligence 定位至 C 段首句
) 、 ꎮ
— 31 —定位句指出 谢伦伯格很长时间一直怀疑一个说法 音乐教育增强孩子的抽象逻辑
ꎬ : 、
数学或语言能力 因此选择C段
ꎮ ꎮ
Glenn Schellenberg came to the conclusion that most of the papers assessed made the wrong claim
39
regarding musics effect on intelligence 格伦 谢伦伯格得出的结论是 大多数被评估的论文
( ꎬ
在音乐对智力的影响方面提出了错误的主张
ꎮ)
【解析】 G 由conclusion most of the papers assessed和wrong claim定位至G段首句 定位句
) 、 ꎮ
指出 在计算预估数据之后 谢伦伯格总结道 大多数文章都错误地声称音乐训练有
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
因果关系 因此选择G段
ꎮ ꎮ
You must abandon your unverified beliefs before you become a scientist 在成为科学家之前 你
40 ( ꎬ
必须放弃你未经验证的信念
ꎮ)
【解析】 O 由abandon your unverified beliefs和become a scientist定位至O段末句 定位句指
) ꎮ
出 谢伦伯格表示 如果你想成为科学家 就必须放弃自己的信仰 因此选择O段
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
Lots of experiments have demonstrated that people with music training can better differentiate certain
41
sounds 大量实验证明 受过音乐训练的人可以更好地分辨某些声音
( ꎬ ꎮ)
【解析】 H 由lots of experiments和better differentiate certain sounds定位至H段末句 定位句
) ꎮ
指出 许多研究已经表明 音乐训练增强某些听力能力 比如从背景噪音中分辨人
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
声 或者区分辅音 b 和 g 因此选择H段
ꎬ “ ” “ ”ꎮ ꎮ
Glenn Schellenbergs findings at the beginning of this century were not supported by a larger study
42
carried out some ten years later 格伦 谢伦伯格在本世纪初的研究结果并没有得到大约十年后
(
进行的一项更大的研究的支持
ꎮ)
【解析】 D 由beginning of this century not supported和a larger study carried out some ten years
) 、
later定位至D段第 句 定位句指出 将近 年后 即 年 教育天赋基金会
3、 4 ꎮ ꎬ 10 ꎬ 2013 ꎬ
资助了一项更大的研究 该研究没能证明谢伦伯格 在 年 的发现 因此选择
ꎬ ( 2004 ) ꎮ
D段
ꎮ
One researcher shares Glenn Schellenbergs view that it is necessary to conduct long ̄term
43
developmental studies to understand the effects of music training 一位研究人员赞同格伦 谢伦
(
伯格的观点 认为有必要进行长期的发展研究 以了解音乐训练的效果
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ )
【解析】 J 由one researcher和long ̄tern developmental studies定位至J段第 句 定位句指
) 1、 3 ꎮ
出 神经心理学家卢茨 扬克表示赞同 他和谢伦伯格一样认为唯一能真正理解音
ꎬ ꎬ
乐教育效果的方法是做纵向研究 因此选择J段
ꎮ ꎮ
Glenn Schellenbergs research assistants had no idea what he was trying to prove in his new study
44
格伦 谢伦伯格的研究助理不知道他在新研究中想证明什么
( ꎮ)
【解析】 F 由Glenn Schellenbergs research assistants had no idea和his newstudy定位至F段末
) 、
句 定位句指出 在最近的研究中 谢伦伯格让两位研究助理寻找关于音乐教育效果
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
的相关研究 但没有告诉研究助理他究竟想证明什么 因此选择F段
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
— 32 —Glenn Schellenberg admits that practice can change certain areas of the brain but doubts that the
45
change can affect other areas 格伦 谢伦伯格承认练习可以改变大脑的某些区域 但他怀疑
( ꎬ
这种改变会影响其他区域
ꎮ)
【解析】 I 由Glenn Schellenberg admits practice和change certain areas of the brain定位至I段
) 、
末句 定位句指出 谢伦伯格承认练习会改变大脑 但这些变化会影响其他大脑区域
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
这一点存疑 因此选择I段
ꎮ ꎮ
Section C
Passage One
参考译文
早在万维网出现之前 倡导理性和启蒙的发展之势就已经受到威胁 正如尼尔 波兹曼
ꎬ ꎮ [46]
在其 年出版的 娱乐至死 一书中所说 电视的兴起不仅引入了一种新的媒介 更是引入了
1985 « » ꎬ ꎬ
一套新的话语 即印刷文化向图像文化逐渐转变 这也意味着大众从理性转向感性 从探讨转向
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
娱乐 波兹曼指出 在一个以图像为中心 以娱乐为驱动的世界里 理性思考的空间不复存在
ꎮ ꎬ 、 ꎬ ꎬ
因为你根本无法用图像思考 正是文字让我们能够 揭穿谎言 释疑解惑 打破以偏概全
ꎮ (47) “ 、 、 ꎬ
以及警惕逻辑和常识的滥用 它还意味着权衡观点 比较和对比各种论断 将不同泛论联系
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
起来
ꎮ”
电视的支配地位并不局限于我们的客厅 它颠覆了上述所有思维习惯 从根本上改变了我们
ꎮ ꎬ
对世界的体验 影响了政治 宗教 商业和文化行为 它使现代生活的许多方面沦为娱乐 炒作
ꎬ 、 、 ꎮ 、
和商业 波兹曼在书中写道 美国人不再彼此交谈 而是彼此娱乐 他们不交流思想 而
ꎮ (48) : “ ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
是交流图像 他们争论问题不靠观点 靠的是中看的外表 名人效应和电视广告
ꎮ ꎬ 、 ꎮ”
起初 网络似乎在逆潮流而动 世纪 年代末 当网络作为一种纯粹的文字媒介出
ꎬ ꎮ (49) 20 80 ꎬ
现时 人们将它视为追求知识而非寻求乐趣的工具 理性和思想在网络这所花园中最受重视
ꎬ ꎮ ———
这一切皆源于 启蒙 计划 全世界的大学是最先连接到网络这一新兴媒介的 它们主持讨论
“ ” ꎮ ꎬ
组 开通具有教育意义的个人或群组博客 开办电子杂志 建立学术邮件列表和举办论坛 它是
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
一个知识项目 与商业或控制无关 是由位于瑞士的一家科学研究中心创建的 在十多年时间里
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
网络创造了另一替代空间 动摇了电视对社会的控制
ꎬ ꎮ
而自那以后 社交网络让电视文化的价值观再次占领了网络空间 从脸书到 Instagram 社交
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
媒体将我们的注意力转移到视频和图片上 回馈情感诉求 比如 点赞 按钮 而非理性诉
ꎬ ——— “ ” ———
求 社交媒体不鼓励追求知识 而是让我们无休止地热衷于获得观众的即时认可 我们为
ꎮ (50) ꎬ ꎬ
此一直在无意识地表演 值得一提的是 谷歌最初源于一篇博士论文 而脸书起初是一款评判同
( ꎬ ꎬ
学外表的工具 它会根据我们的个人资料和偏好 准确地展示我们的所愿所想 从而削弱我们
)ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
的好奇心 启蒙计划的口号也从 敢于了解 变成了 畏于了解
ꎮ “ ” “ ”ꎮ
答案详解
What did Neil Postman say about the rise of television 尼尔 波兹曼关于电视的兴起是怎么
46 ? (
— 33 —说的
?)
A) It initiated a change from dominance of reason to supremacy of pleasure (它引发了一种从
理性主导到快乐至上的变化ꎮ)
B It brought about a gradual shift from cinema going to home entertainment 它带来了从电影院
) (
到家庭娱乐的逐渐转变
ꎮ)
C It started a revolution in photographic technology 它开启了图像技术的革命
) ( ꎮ)
D It marked a new age in the entertainment industry 它标志着娱乐业的一个新时代
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 由Neil Postman和the rise of television可定位到第 段第 句 文中提到 尼尔 波兹
1 2 ꎮ ꎬ
曼在 年写的书中指出 电视的兴起带来的是一种新话语 这意味着从理性到情
1985 ꎬ ꎬ
绪 从探讨到娱乐的转变 可知电视兴起让社会从理性转为情绪及娱乐 因此选择 A
、 ꎬ ꎮ
项 选项B D文中均未提及 故排除 原文提到 电视兴起是从文字文化到图像文
ꎮ 、 ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
化的转变 但未提及 革命 故排除选项C
ꎬ “ ”ꎬ ꎮ
According to the passage what is the advantage of text reading 据本文所说 阅读文本的优势是
47 ꎬ ? ( ꎬ
什么
?)
A It gives one access to huge amounts of information 提供了获得巨量信息的途径
) ( ꎮ)
B It allows more information to be processed quickly 让更多的信息被快速处理
) ( ꎮ)
C It is capable of enriching ones life 能够充实一个人的生活
) ( ꎮ)
D) It is conducive to critical thinking (有益于批判性思维ꎮ)
【解析】 由advantage of text reading可定位到第 段第 句 文中提到 文字让我们揭穿谎
1 4、 5 ꎮ ꎬ
言 释疑解惑 打破以偏概全 警惕逻辑和常识的滥用 还意味着权衡观点 比较和
、 、 、 ꎬ 、
对比各种论断 可知文本的作用在于帮助人们进行深层的思考和判断 因此选择 D
ꎬ ꎮ
项 选项A B C文中均未提及 故排除
ꎮ 、 、 ꎬ ꎮ
How has television impacted Americans 电视如何影响了美国人
48 ? ( ?)
A It has given them a lot more to argue about 电视使美国人有了更多的争论话题
) ( ꎮ)
B It has brought celebrities closer to their lives 电视使名人更贴近美国人的生活
) ( ꎮ)
C It has made them care more about what they say 电视使美国人更加关心自己的言论
) ( ꎮ)
D) It has rendered their interactions more superficial (电视使美国人的互动变得更加肤浅ꎮ)
【解析】 由television impacted Americans可定位到第 段第 句 文中提到 波兹曼在
2 4、 5、 6 ꎮ ꎬ
书中写道 美国人如今不与彼此交谈 而是彼此娱乐 他们不会交流思想 而是交流
ꎬ ꎬ ꎻ ꎬ
图片 他们不争论不围绕观点 而是围绕外表 名人 电视广告 可知电视的兴起让
ꎻ ꎬ 、 、 ꎬ
美国人的交流变得停留在表面 因此选择 D 项 文中提到现在美国人争论的重点变
ꎮ ꎮ
得肤浅 没有提到电视兴起带来了更多可讨论的话题 故排除选项A 选项B C文
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ 、
中均未提及 故排除
ꎬ ꎮ
What does the passage say about the World Wide Web 文章关于万维网是怎么说的
49 ? ( ?)
A It was developed primarily for universities worldwide 它主要是为全世界的大学开发的
) ( ꎮ)
— 34 —B It was created to connect people in different countries 它是为连接不同国家的人而创建的
) ( ꎮ)
C) It was viewed as a means to quest for knowledge (它被视为寻求知识的一种工具ꎮ)
D It was designed as a discussion forum for university students 它被设计为一个供大学生讨论
) (
的论坛
ꎮ)
【解析】 由World Wide Web和题文同序原则可定位到第 段第 句 该段开头的the web指代前
3 2 ꎬ
文的World Wide Web 文中提到 万维网在 年代创立之初是一个纯文字媒介 被
ꎮ ꎬ 1980 ꎬ
视为追求知识而非乐趣的工具 因此选C项 原文提到 大学是世界上最早的万维网用
ꎮ ꎮ ꎬ
户 而非万维网为大学而开发 故排除选项A 选项 B 文中未提及 故排除 文中提
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ
到 大学在万维网上组织了讨论群 博客 论坛等 但万维网不是只有论坛一个作
ꎬ 、 、 ꎬ
用 其设计目的也不是作为论坛 故排除选项D
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
What do we learn about users of social media 我们关于社交网络用户有什么了解
50 ? ( ?)
A They are bent on looking for an alternative space for escape 他们一心想要寻找一个用来逃
) (
避的空间
ꎮ)
B) They are constantly seeking approval from their audience (他们持续不断地寻求受众的
认可ꎮ)
C They are forever engaged in hunting for new information 他们永远忙于搜寻新的信息
) ( ꎮ)
D They are unable to focus their attention on tasks for long 他们不能长时间集中注意力做
) (
任务
ꎮ)
【解析】 由users of social media可定位到第 段第 句 文中提到 社交媒体让我们无尽地热衷
4 3 ꎮ ꎬ
于得到观众的立即认同 而非追求知识 我们一直都在无意识地表演 因此选B项 原
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
文提到社交网络用户执着于寻求认同 而非寻找逃避的空间或者信息 故排除选项 A
ꎬ ꎬ 、
C 原文提到 社交网络将我们的注意力转向视频 图片 寻求情绪满足 但没有提
ꎮ ꎬ 、 ꎬ ꎬ
到 长时间 和 任务 故排除选项D
“ ” “ ”ꎬ ꎮ
Passage Two
参考译文
最近的一项研究显示 少数员工已在某种程度上受到了特权意识的影响 且这一群体
(51) ꎬ ꎬ
正在不断扩大 对他们而言 工作不在于自身能贡献什么 而在于能获得什么 这可能导致职场
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
运转失序 并降低员工自身的工作满意度 我指的不是那些因为得不到公平报酬或无法实现弹性
ꎬ ꎮ
工作 而有正当理由对工作条件感到不满的员工 我说的主要是那些认为应当享受特殊待
ꎬ ꎮ (51)
遇和丰厚奖励的人 他们的期望无视自身能力或业绩水平
ꎮ ꎮ
由于自认为应当享有的特权和不断膨胀的自我价值感之间存在落差 这些员工并不会努力为
ꎬ
雇主工作 相反 他们更喜欢偷懒 许多学者认为 这种特权意识倾向往往萌发于童年
ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ (52) ꎬ ꎬ
由于父母过度溺爱孩子 这导致这些人在成年后依然期待获得同样的溺爱 但不论这类员
ꎮ ꎮ (53)
工的感受如何 对管理者而言显然很重要的是如何保持员工积极性 以及如何使其凭借高涨的工
ꎬ ꎬ
作动力取得良好表现
ꎮ
— 35 —为此 来自美国几所大学的研究小组开展了一项针对 多人的研究 他们对主管和团队员
ꎬ 240 ꎮ
工均进行了抽样调查 其中 员工权益感主要是通过 我确实觉得我比别人更值得受到嘉奖 之
ꎮ ꎬ “ ”
类的表述来衡量 受访者需要根据自己的认同程度评分 与此同时 员工参与度则由 我确实全
ꎮ ꎮ ꎬ “
身心投入工作 等表述来衡量 结果显示 有道德的领导是减轻员工特权意识负面影响的关键因
” ꎮ ꎬ
素 这是因为 合乎道德的领导者会向员工表达非常直接和明确的期望 而不是纵容或忽
ꎮ (54) ꎬ ꎬ
视员工 他们还会要求员工对自己的行为负责 并真正致力于做正确的事情 此外 这些领导者
ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
的处事标准始终如一 他们在对待员工的方式上也不太可能出现偏差
ꎮ ꎮ
这意味着 当面对具有特权意识的团队成员时 一名有道德领导者明显不愿意满足其要求
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
相反 他或她会以建设性的 有技巧的方式指出员工过于膨胀的应得感究竟有何扭曲之处 然后
ꎬ 、 ꎮ ꎬ
他们会进一步解释 为了得到期望的回报 员工必须达到特定的客观标准 这种使员工摆
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ (55)
脱不切实际的期望的做法是成功的 因为这会使想要争取权益的员工感到更有信心 坚信领导者
ꎬ ꎬ
会兑现承诺 这之所以有效 是因为领导者被认为办事公平 值得信赖 不过 研究人员也警告
ꎮ ꎬ 、 ꎮ ꎬ
称要谨慎行事 没有任何对策是完美的 但不可否认的是 有道德的领导至少是朝正确方向迈出
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
的关键一步
ꎮ
答案详解
What does a recent study find about a growing number of workers 关于越来越多的员工 最近
51 ? ( ꎬ
的一项研究发现了什么
?)
A They attempt to make more contributions 他们试图做出更多的贡献
) ( ꎮ)
B) They feel they deserve more than they get (他们认为他们理应得到更多东西ꎮ)
C They attach importance to job satisfaction 他们重视工作满意度
) ( ꎮ)
D They try to diminish workplace dysfunction 他们试图消除工作场所的故障
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 由a recent study a growing number of workers和题文同序原则可定位到第 段第
、 1 1、 2
句 文中提到 少数员工在某种程度上受到权益感的影响 他们更重视自己在工作中
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
得到什么 该段末句还提到 这些人总是认为自己应该享受到特殊待遇 获得丰厚奖
ꎮ ꎬ 、
励 因此选B项 原文提到 比起贡献 现在的员工更关注收获 选项 A 与原文矛
ꎮ ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
盾 故排除 原文提到员工特权感会导致职场失序 工作满意度降低 未提及重视工
ꎬ ꎮ 、 ꎬ
作满意度和消除故障 故排除选项C D
ꎬ 、 ꎮ
Why dont some employees work hard according to many scholars 根据众多学者所说 为什么
52 ? ( ꎬ
有些员工工作不努力
?)
A They lack a strong sense of self ̄worth 他们缺乏强烈的自我价值感
) ( ꎮ)
B) They were spoiled when growing up (他们在成长过程中被宠坏了ꎮ)
C They have received unfair treatment 他们受到了不公平的待遇
) ( ꎮ)
D They are overindulged by their boss 他们被他们的老板过分纵容
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 由work hard和many scholars可定位到第 段第 句 文中提到 很多学者认为员工
2 3 ꎮ ꎬ
特权意识的根源在于童年时父母的纵容 因此选 B 项 原文说的是员工存在过高的
ꎮ ꎮ
— 36 —自我价值感 而不是缺乏 选项 A 与原文矛盾 故排除 选项 C 文中未提及 故排
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
除 原文提到现在的员工在童年被溺爱 所以成年后还想被纵容 但文章未提及老板
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
纵容了员工 故排除选项D
ꎬ ꎮ
What isamanagersupposedtodotoenableworkerstodoabetterjob 为了使员工更好地工作 主
53 ? ( ꎬ
管应该做什么
?)
A Be aware of their emotions 注意员工的情绪
) ( ꎮ)
B Give them timely promotions 及时让员工晋升
) ( ꎮ)
C Keep a record of their performance 对员工的表现进行记录
) ( ꎮ)
D) Seek ways to sustain their motivation (寻求维持员工积极性的方法ꎮ)
【解析】 由a manager和enable workers to do a better job可定位到第 段末句 文中提到 不管
2 ꎮ ꎬ
员工感受如何 对主管而言重要的是找到让员工保持积极性的方法 因此选 D 项
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
选项A B C文中均未提及 故排除
、 、 ꎬ ꎮ
What do the research findings reveal about ethical leaders 关于有道德的领导者 研究结果揭示
54 ? ( ꎬ
了什么
?)
A They are held accountable by their employees 他们对自己的员工负责
) ( ꎮ)
B They are always transparent in their likes and dislikes 他们的好恶总是显而易见
) ( ꎮ)
C) They convey their requirements in a straightforward way (他们以一种直截了当的方式传
达要求ꎮ)
D They make it a point to be on good terms with their employees 他们注重与员工保持良好
) (
关系
ꎮ)
【解析】 由research findings和ethical leaders可定位到第 段第 句 文中提到 合乎道德的领
3 7 ꎮ ꎬ
导会对员工表达非常直接和明确的期望 因此选C项 原文提到领导让员工对自己的
ꎮ ꎮ
行为负责 而非领导对员工负责 选项A偷换概念 故排除 选项 B D文中均未提
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ 、
及 故排除
ꎬ ꎮ
What kind of leaders are viewed as ethical by entitled employees 什么样的领导会被有权益感的
55 ? (
员工视为有道德
?)
A) Those who can be counted on to fulfill commitments (那些可以信赖、 会履行承诺的人ꎮ)
B Those who can do things beyond normal expectations 那些能够做超出常规预期的事情
) (
的人
ꎮ)
C Those who exercise caution in making major decisions 那些在做重大决定时谨慎行事
) (
的人
ꎮ)
D Those who know how to satisfy their employees needs 那些知道如何满足员工需求的人
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 由kind of leaders和viewed as ethical可定位到第 段第 句 文中提到 这些使员
4 4、 5 ꎮ ꎬ
工摆脱不切实际期望的做法能起作用 因为员工认为领导公正 值得信任 因此选A
ꎬ 、 ꎮ
项 原文提到员工的期望不切实际 未提及领导做 超出正常预期 的事情 故排
ꎮ ꎬ “ ” ꎬ
— 37 —除选项B 原文只提到研究人员警告谨慎行事 没有提到领导做重大决定时谨慎行
ꎮ ꎬ
事 故排除选项C 文中提到 领导向员工解释为了得到期望的回报 他们需要达到
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
什么标准 而不是领导知道如何满足员工 故排除选项D
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
Part Ⅳ Translation
参考译文
Located in the north of Shaanxi Province and in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Yanan is
ꎬ
the sacred land of the Chinese Revolution Mao Zedong and other revolutionaries of the older generation
lived and fought here for years They led the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the
13
War of Liberation cultivated the Yanan spirit and contributed greatly to the Chinese Revolution
ꎬ “ ”ꎬ
The old revolutionary sites in Yanan are the largest in number most widely distributed and ranks the
ꎬ
highest level in China Yanan serves as the national education base for patriotism revolutionary
ꎬ
traditions and the Yanan spirit There are nine revolutionary memorial halls in Yanan which collect a
ꎬ
large number of important items left by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the
old generation of revolutionists during the Yanan period Thus it enjoys the reputation of the city of
ꎬ “
Chinese Revolution museums
”
译文评析
第 句包含了两个信息 一是延安的地理位置 二是延安的地位 考生可根据这两处信息
1 1 ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
拆分句子 可将 延安是中国革命的圣地 作为主干 位于陕西省北部 地处黄河中游 译为
ꎮ “ ” ꎬ “ ꎬ ”
并列的分词短语 用located in引导 河流的 中游 一般译为middle reaches 圣地 直接对应
ꎬ ꎮ “ ” ꎻ “ ”
sacred land 陕西 译为Shaanxi 注意有两个a
ꎻ “ ” ꎬ ꎮ
第 句句子很长 结构较复杂 包含两处信息 老一辈革命家在延安生活的时间 以及在
2 2 ꎬ ꎬ : ꎬ
延安取得的成就 可据此拆分为两个句子 领导了 巨大贡献 可直接译为三个并列的动词
ꎬ ꎮ “ ”
短语 主语是 老一辈革命家 可用they指代 等老一辈革命家 意思是 和其他的老一辈
ꎬ “ ”ꎬ ꎮ “ ” “
革命家 故可译为and other revolutionaries of the older generation 十三个春秋 指的就是 年
”ꎬ ꎻ “ ” 13 ꎬ
可译为 years 为 做出了巨大贡献 可灵活译为动词短语greatly contributed to
13 ꎻ “ ” ꎮ
第 句句子较短 包含并列结构 介绍了延安革命旧址的地位 可将 延安的革命旧址
3 3 ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ “ ”
作为主语 数量最大 分布最广 级别最高 这三个信息可译为系表结构 为保持语法准确
ꎬ “ ” “ ” “ ” ꎬ
和结构统一 分别译为the largest in number most widely distributed和ranks the highest level 全
ꎬ 、 ꎬ “
国 指的是中国 直译即可
” ꎬ ꎮ
第 句句子较短 描述延安现在的功能 可将 延安是教育基地 作为主干 全国爱国
4 4 ꎬ ꎬ “ ” ꎬ “
主义 革命传统和延安精神 译为of 加并列的名词短语 是 除了 is 之外 还可以灵活译为
、 ” ꎮ “ ” ꎬ
serve as / be regarded as 爱国主义 直接译为patriotism
ꎻ “ ” ꎮ
— 38 —第 句句子很长 包含两处信息 延安革命纪念馆的数量和馆藏内容 以及延安受到的美
5 5 ꎬ : ꎬ
誉 可据此拆分句子 可将 延安有 个革命纪念馆 作为主干 珍藏着 大量重要物品
ꎬ ꎮ “ 9 ” ꎬ “ ”
译为which引导的非限制性定语从句 中共中央 留存下来的 这个修饰信息过长 故译为过
ꎬ “ ” ꎬ
去分词短语后置修饰 物品 因此 可另起一句 用thus/therefore引导 珍藏着 的意
“ ”ꎮ “ ” ꎬ ꎮ “ ”
思是 收藏 可直译为collect 享有 的美誉 可译为enjoy the reputation of
“ ”ꎬ ꎻ “ ” ꎮ
— 39 —