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考点 20 优秀传统文化之中国古建筑
真题感知
1.（2023·全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
词数：197 话题：北京的建筑
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 61
royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its
carefully 62 (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern
life, with 21st-century architectural 64 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 65 somehow these two very different worlds make a
good combination. 66 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and
new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent
the last two years 68 (record) everything I discovered.
The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into
the modern world, 70 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing
for the next 50 years.
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
词数：196 话题：北京胡同
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____56____ arranged the residential areas
according to social classes. The term “hutong”, ____57____ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first
during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____58____ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the
Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____60____ (feature)beautifully carved
and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____61____ (space)homes and
walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and
____62____ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____63____
capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ____64____ (event). In
contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of
Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____65_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023·江苏省镇江市统考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
词数：235话题：中国的北京城
Beijing is a city that straddles(跨越)the divide between the ancient and the modern. It is home ____36____ more than
3,000 years of fascinating history, and a place ____37____ fully embraces the fast-paced development of modern life, with
1high-rise 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with cultural relics of the past.
This integration of styles ____38____ (be) strikingly typical at Zhihua Temple, built in 1444 during the rule of
emperor Zhengtong. Though much smaller now than at its peak of 20,000 square meters, the temple is a somewhat
____39____ (hide) treasure.
____40____ (remarkable), the temple museum offers a collection of remains and statues. You might even forget
you’re in the 2lst century, if not for the smooth curve of the modern Galaxy Soho building looming over the mythical
beasts(神兽)seated on the ridges(屋脊)of the temple roofs.
Yet ____41____ they belong to completely different ____42____ (era), appearances and purposes, they are both
equally representative of this city. Seeing the two together is a perfect example of the idea of how respecting our history,
while still ____43____ (look)to the future, can create a truly unique cityscape.
The development of this city, which is carefully designed ____44____ (protect)the past while embracing the modem
world,_____45_____ (mean)there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the
next 50 years and still not have scratched the surface, which is part of its beauty.
2. 【2023·江苏省南通市如皋市教学质量调研】阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
词数：195话题：王家大院
The Wang Family Compound is a rare example of Chinese civilization ____36____(hand) down through the ages.
Like many of the Shanxi Grand Compounds, it ____37____ (locate) in Lingshi County, 35 kilometers from the Pingyao
Ancient City.
The Wang Family Compound is in fact a collection of compounds____38____ were all constructed within the limits of
a tall outer wall. During the Ming and Qing ____39____ (dynasty), it was built on a truly magnificent scale on a series of
hills, ____40____ (stretch) out over an area of 250,000 square meters. The whole residence ____41____ (consist) of five
castles, five lanes, and five ancestral temples now.
In keeping with the residence's legendary size, the five castles were designed to____42____(symbolic) represent the
five lucky animals according to traditional Chinese culture: the Dragon, the Phoenix, the Tortoise, the Qilin, and the Tiger.
____43____ short, you could say the Wang family were living in the belly of the beast!
The Wang Family Compound is not only ____44____ incredible example of residential architecture, but it is also
home to a museum of architectural art. ____45____ (amaze) sculptures of stone, wood and brick can be found throughout
the inside of its many courtyards.
3.【2023·河北省石家庄市统考】阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
词数：216话题：北京胡同
The history of hutongs can date back to the Yuan Dynasty (1271 — 1368), when the term “hutong”, ___36___
(initial) meaning “water wells”, first appeared in its capital, now known as Beijing. The Yuan nobles and high-ranking army
officials ___37___ (award) lands as their estates in the city. They built houses and courtyards, now called “Siheyuan”,
which were arranged in ___38___ orderly way around the wells.
In the Ming Dynasty (1368 —1644), the center of Beijing was the Forbidden City, with the Inner City and Outer City
___39___ (surround) it. Upper class citizens were permitted to live closer ___40___ the center. Nobles lived to the east
and west of the palace. The hutongs formed by their houses were lined by spacious homes and gardens. Farther from the
palace and to its north and south ___41___ (be) the commoners. Their Siheyuans were far smaller in size and simpler
in___42___(decorate), and the hutongs were narrower.
Nowadays, if you visit Beijing, Nanluoguxiang is a must-see. The 786-meter long south-north hutong is lined with
bars, hotels and stores. There are also 8 hutongs —___43___ (hide) on the east and west sides of the main lane of
2Nanluoguxiang as well as former residences ___44___ celebrities once lived.
Hutongs are the home of the Beijing____45____ (local), who have a deep affection for them.
4.【2023·江西省赣州市赣县第三中学期中】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
词数：175话题：北京的胡同和四合院
People say that the real culture of Beijing exists ____41____ the culture of hutong and siheyuan. The hutongs
____42____ (locate) in Beijing are formed by lanes of siheyuan, which is a type of residence in ____43____ houses are
purposely built to form squares or rectangles.
In the mid 20th century, several hutongs in Beijing were torn down to pave the way for the ____44____ (develop) of
the city. However, since then, thanks to efforts designed to safeguard this ____45____ (significance) aspect of the Chinese
architectural culture, many hutongs ____46____ (preserve).
Because of the interlacement (交织) of the lanes, every house is connected to the other, making ____47____ easy for
local people to keep in touch with their neighbors. ____48____, once one enters any of them, one can feel the deep and
warm relationships among people, which is rarely found in this modern world.
Gossiping in these lanes ____49____ (be) a common scene as it is the main way for people _____50_____ (strong)
their relationship. Where there is such a lane, there is a story.
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