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考点 21 优秀传统文化之中国历史人物
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
词数：204话题：郑和
The early 1400s was a glorious era in Chinese history. In 1405, a fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with
almost 28,000 people on board. The largest ships, which ____1____(be) over 140 meters long, demonstrated the advanced
technology and special skills in constructing ships. On behalf of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He, a great explorer, made a total
of seven ____2____ (voyage) between 1405 and 1433. The fleet, loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures, paid
friendly visits ____3____ more than 30 countries and regions. The navigators took compass readings,kept logs ____4____
charted the coast.
These journeys had ____ 5 ____ far-reaching impact on China and its neighbors. Legends have been passed on about
Zheng He in the countries and regions ____6____ he set foot. Zheng He’s efforts helped develop ____7____ (harmony)
relations with these countries and regions, introducing foreign people to Chinese culture, and ____ 8 ____ (allow) the
Chinese to better understand overseas lands.
For many years, some historians dismissed the records of these explorations as legends. The final proof came when an
enormous shipyard ____9____ (discover) in Nanjing, where the fleet had been built. With his accomplishments widely
____10____ (acknowledge), Zheng He is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
【答案】
1．were 2．voyages 3．to 4．and 5．a 6．where 7．harmonious 8．allowing 9．was discovered 10．
acknowledged
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“郑和下西洋”的远航活动及其影响。
1．考查谓语动词的时态。句意：最大的那些船，超过140米长，展示了先进的技术和特殊的造船技能。分析句子
可知，which引导的定语从句缺谓语，主语ships是复数，且主句谓语demonstrated用了一般过去时。故从句谓语
用一般过去时，主谓保持一致。故填were。
2．考查名词复数。句意：1405年至1433年，伟大的探险家郑和代表明朝共下了七次西洋。根据seven可知，其后
跟可数名词的复数形式。故填voyages。
3．考查介词。句意：船队满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等珍宝，对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。结合句意可知，
考查短语pay a visit/visits to表示“访问，参观”。故填to。
4．考查并列连词。句意：领航员用罗盘读数，记录日志，并绘制海岸地图。根据句意和前文“took”，“charted”
以及后文“ charted”可知，此处是这三个谓语动词并列。故填and。
5．考查冠词。句意：这些旅程对中国及其邻国产生了深远影响。根据句意可知，此处考查短语have an/a adj.
impact on…表示“对……有（……的）影响”；far-reaching 是非元音音素开头的形容词。故填a。
6．考查定语从句。句意：郑和足迹所及的国家和地区都流传着关于他的传说。分析句子可知，空出引导限制性定
语从句，修饰先行词the countries and regions（表示地点的名词）；且从句缺状语，故用关系副词where引导该从
句。故填where。
7．考查形容词。句意：郑和的努力有助于发展与这些国家和地区的和谐关系，使外国人民了解中国文化，并使中
国人更好地了解海外土地。分析句子可知，空处填形容词harmonious“和谐的”，修饰名词relations，作其前置定语。故填harmonious。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：郑和的努力有助于发展与这些国家和地区的和谐关系，使外国人民了解中国文化，并
使中国人更好地了解海外土地。分析句子可知，本句有谓语helped，故填非谓语动词。Zheng He’s efforts和allow
之间是主动关系，因此填现在分词allowing作结果状语，与and前的introducing并列。故填allowing。
9．考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：最后的证据是在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂，舰队就是在那里建造的。
分析句子可知，when引导的时间状语从句缺谓语； 主语谓语came用了一般过去时，且主语an enormous shipyard
（单数名词） 和discover之间是被动关系，因此填一般过去时的被动语态，主谓保持一致。故填was discovered。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的成就被广泛认可；郑和被认为是中国最具影响力的探险家之一。分析句子可知，
本句有谓语is remembered，空处填非谓语动词；此处考查with的复合结构，即“with+宾+宾补”的结构，宾语
his accomplishments和acknowledge之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填acknowledged。
2.【2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
词数：184话题：毕加索
【2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研】Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous ____1____ (artist) in the world,
____2____ full name is really a long one, in fact a mixture of many names. When Picasso was born, he was ____3____
weak that the nurse left him on the side table and ____4____ (simple) began to attend ____5____ his mother. It was his
uncle, a doctor, that ____6____ (save) him.
It is believed that Picasso was born an artist. His father Ruiz, ____7____ artist and art professor, gave him a formal
education in art. By the time he was 13 years old, his father had given up ____8____ (paint) himself because he felt his
son had already surpassed (超越) him. Pablo Picasso was a ____9____ (produce) artist but many of his works were stolen.
Towards the later years of his life, he began to write poetry and plays, ____ 1 0____ (leave) almost 300 poems and even a
couple of plays.
【答案】1．artists2．whose3．so4．simply5．to6．saved7．an8．painting9．productive10．leaving
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术家毕加索的一生。
1.考查名词复数。句意：巴勃罗·毕加索是世界上最著名的艺术家之一，他的全名其实是一个很长的名字，实际上
是许多名字的混合体。one of +可数名词复数“……之一”，结合空前 one of the most famous，所以此处要用名词
复数。故填artists。
2.考查定语从句。句意：巴勃罗·毕加索是世界上最著名的艺术家之一，他的全名其实是一个很长的名字，实际上
是许多名字的混合体。分析可知， 2 full name is really a long one在句中为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Pablo
Picasso，空处在从句中作定语，指毕加索的全名，所以用关系代词whose，故填whose。
3.考查固定句型。句意：当毕加索出生时，他是如此虚弱，以至于护士把他留在了小桌子上，只是开始照顾他的母
亲。so...that...“如此……以至于……”，that从句为结果状语从句，所以此处填so，故填so。
4.考查副词。句意：当毕加索出生时，他是如此虚弱，以至于护士把他留在了小桌子上，只是开始照顾他的母亲。
副词修饰动词，结合空后began，所以此处用副词simply作状语，故填simply。
5.考查固定短语。句意：当毕加索出生时，他是如此虚弱，以至于护士把他留在了小桌子上，只是开始照顾他的母
亲。attend to“照顾，照料”，结合句意可知，此处指护士开始照顾毕加索的妈妈，故填to。
6.考查时态。句意：是他的医生叔叔救了他。本句使用了强调句型，对句子的主语his uncle进行强调，空处在句中
为谓语，结合句中was，所以此处用一般过去时。故填saved。
7.考查冠词。句意：他的父亲鲁伊斯，艺术家和艺术教授，给了他一个正规的艺术教育。他的父亲是艺术家也是艺
术教授，所以此处用不定冠词泛指一个，artist的首个音素为元音，所以用an，故填an。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：在他13岁的时候，他的父亲已经放弃了自己画画，因为他觉得他的儿子已经超过了他。give up“放弃”，其后跟动名词作宾语，所以此处用动名词painting，故填painting。
9.考查形容词。句意：毕加索是一个多产的艺术家，但他的许多作品被盗。形容词修饰名词，结合空后artist可知，
此处用形容词productive作定语，修饰名词，故填productive。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：晚年，他开始写诗和写戏剧，留下了近 300首诗，甚至几部戏剧。分析可知，空后及
其后内容在句中为伴随状语，句子主语he和动词leave为主谓关系，所以此处用现在分词，故填leaving。
3.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
词数：248话题：钱学森
【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace
science ____1____Qian Xuesen. Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian went to the United States for further studies in 1935.
Soon as a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology, he and his colleagues ____2____ (found) the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory in the 1940s, now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
____3____(overcome) many difficulties in the US, Qian eventually returned to China in 1955. He received a
____4____(hero) welcome from his homeland. At that time, in poor China, its rocket science was undeveloped—No majors
in rocket science; No talents; No experts. Nevertheless, the “No”s didn’t discourage him from taking ____ 5 ____ the
challenge. His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a ____6____(determine) “Why not? We Chinese
are able to make the same things ____7____other people make.”
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite. Even much
of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’ research, so he earned the name of “the
father of China’ aerospace”.
Qian was extremely ____8____(knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research. However,
____9____might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,
such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him _____10_____(inspire) in his-scientific research.
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death, and people honoured and remembered him in
different ways.
【答案】
1．than 2．founded 3．Having overcome 4．hero’s 5．on 6．determined 7．that 8．knowledgeable 9．
what 10．inspiration
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了钱学森对中国航天科学的影响以及突出贡献。
1．考查介词。句意：也许没有其他科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大。分析句子可知，空处前有形容词
比较级greater，故此处考查比较级的结构，即“形容词比较级+than”，结合语意可知，此处意为“比”，故应用介
词than。故填than。
2．考查动词时态。句意：作为美国喷气和火箭技术的先驱，他和他的同事在20世纪40年代建立了喷气推进实验
室，现在是美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。分析句子可知，此处应用动词作谓语，根据时间状语1940s可知，
此处应用一般过去时，故空处应用动词一般过去时态。故填founded。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国克服了许多困难后，钱最终于1955年回到中国。分析句子可知，此处应用动
词作非谓语，与逻辑主语Qian之间是主动关系，结合语意可知，空处动作发生在主句动作之前，故此处应用现在
分词的完成时，即having done结构。故填Having overcome。
4．考查名词所有格。句意：他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎。分析句子可知，空处后是名词welcome，空处应作定语
修饰welcome，结合语意可知，此处意为“英雄般的”，故此处应用名词所有格形式，即hero’s。故填hero’s。
5．考查介词。句意：然而，这些所谓的“不”并没有阻止他接受这个挑战。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语
take on，意为“接受”，故空处应填介词on。故填on。6．考查形容词。句意：他对“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗？”这个问题的回答是坚定的，即“为什么不呢？我
们中国人能够制造和其他人一样的东西。”分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作定语，结合语意可知，此处意为
“坚定的，坚决的”，故应用-ed结尾形容词，表示人物的态度，即determined。故填determined。
7．考查定语从句。句意：他对“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗？”这个问题的回答是坚定的，即“为什么不呢？
我们中国人能够制造和其他人一样的东西。”分析句子可知，此处考查引导定语从句的关系词，指代先行词
things，指物，在从句中作宾语，先行词前有the same修饰，关系代词只能用that。故填that。
8．考查形容词。句意：钱学识渊博，尤其是在前沿科学研究方面。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作表语，意为
“学识渊博的”，故空处应填形容词knowledgeable。故填knowledgeable。
9．考查名词性从句。句意：然而，使他成为如此杰出和有创造力的科学家的可能是他对其他事物的强烈兴趣，如
音乐和绘画。分析句子可知，此处考查引导主语从句的连接词，从句缺主语，意为“什么”，故应用连接代词
what来引导主语从句。故填what。
10．考查名词。句意：他对艺术的高度欣赏经常给他的科学研究带来灵感。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语，
结合语意可知，此处意为“灵感”，故应用名词inspiration，抽象名词不可数。故填inspiration。
4.【2023`江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词，如有括号提示，请以提示
词的正确形式填空。
词数：233话题：齐白石
【2023`江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二】In Chinese art history, Qi Baishi ranks as a ____1____ (tower) figure.
His unusual and playful style opened ____2____ a new prospect in the imagery of traditional Chinese painting, and has
left a rich legacy still widely recognized in modern society.
Lifelike shrimps play a key role in Qi’s vast body of visual artworks. The “shrimps” are so popular ____3____ they
have become synonymous with the painter himself. Unlike his predecessors, Qi Baishi painted shrimps in an impressionistic
style with swift and definite brush strokes. He used different shades of ink ____4____ (model) the shrimp’s torso (躯干)
and head. These shrimps are not just passive subject matter; rather they are firmly stating their ____5____ (present).
Qi, an all-round artist, ____6____ (bear) to a family of farmers in Hunan in 1864. He learned carpentry in his teens,
after ____7____ he taught himself the arts of painting, poetry, calligraphy and seal cutting. The years spent in rural areas
____8____ (sow) in him a deep-rooted love of nature. During his youth, he traveled around the country to seek inspiration
from nature while ____ 9 ____ (enthusiastic) studying the masterpieces of early Chinese painters. Qi settled in Beijing in
1919 and soon achieved wide fame in _____10_____ Chinese capital. Qi Baishi opened a new window for the fine art
world. He was named the “People’s Painter” and awarded the title of “People’s Artist” by China’s Ministry of Culture.
【答案】
1．towering 2．up 3．that 4．to model 5．presence 6．was born 7．which 8．sowed 9．
enthusiastically 10．the
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国著名画家齐白石。
1．考查形容词。句意：在中国美术史上，齐白石是一位杰出的人物。此处应用形容词towering“杰出的，卓越的”
修饰名词figure。故填towering。
2．考查介词。句意：他独特而俏皮的画风开辟了中国传统绘画意象的新视野，留下了丰富的遗产，至今仍为现代
社会所广泛认可。此处意为“打开，开辟”，表达为open up。故填up。
3．考查连接词。句意：这些“虾”是如此受欢迎，以至于它们已经成为画家本人的同义词。分析句子结构可知，
此处是so...that…“如此……以至于……”句型，that引导结果状语从句。故填that。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：他用不同色调的墨水来展示虾的躯干和头部。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to model。
5．考查名词。句意：这些虾不仅仅是被动题材；相反，它们坚定地表明自己的存在。根据空前的their可知，此处
应用名词presence“存在”，作stating的宾语。故填presence。
6．考查动词语态。句意：齐白石，一个多才多艺的艺术家，于1864年出生于湖南的一个农民家庭。此处主语Qi
与bear之间为被动关系，且时间状语为in 1864，应用一般过去式的被动语态，且主语Qi为单数。故填was born。
7．考查定语从句。句意：他十几岁时学习木工，后来自学绘画、诗歌、书法和篆刻艺术。此处引导非限制性定语
从句，先行词是主句陈述的内容，且空前有介词after，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8．考查动词时态。句意：在农村生活的岁月在他心中播下了对自然根深蒂固的热爱。此处主语为the years，与谓
语动词sow之间为主动关系，且此处陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填sowed。
9．考查副词。句意：年轻时，他游历全国各地，在大自然中寻找灵感，同时热情地研究中国早期画家的杰作。此
处修饰动词studying，应用副词enthusiastically“热情地”，作状语。故填enthusiastically。
10．考查冠词。句意：齐白石于1919年在北京定居，很快就在这座首都城市出名了。此处特指中国首都北京，应
用定冠词。故填the。
