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2023 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D
on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China,
North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically 1 outside the walls of a city or village and
were usually funded by local governments or 2 .
This word ‘caravanserai’ is a 3 of the Persian word ‘kārvān’, which means a group of
travellers or a caravan, and ‘sarāy’, a palace or enclosed building. The term caravan was used to 4
groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, 5
merchants, travellers or pilgrims.
From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes become more developed, the
6 of caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on
the Silk Road 7 the possibility of being attacked by thieves or being 8 to extreme
weather conditions. For this reason, caravanserais were strategically placed 9 they could be
reached in a day’s travel time.
Caravanserais served as an informal 10 point for the various people who travelled the
Silk Road. 11 , those structures became important centers for culture 12 and interaction, with
travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, 13 taking knowledge with them, greatly 14
the development of several civilisations.
Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and 15 in the trade
of goods along the Silk Road. 16 , it was frequently the first stop for merchants looking to sell
their wares and 17 supplies for their own journeys. It is 18 that around 12,000 to 15,000
caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, 19 only about 3,000 are known to remain today,
many of which are in 20 .
1. A. displayed B. occupied C. located D. equipped
2. A. privately B. regularly C. respectively D. permanently
3. A. definition B. transition C. substitution D. combination
4. A. classify B. record C. describe D. connect
5. A. apart from B. instead of C. such as D. along with
6. A. construction B. restoration C. impression D. evaluation
7. A. doubted B. faced C. accepted D. reduced
8. A. assigned B. subjected C. accustomed D. opposed
9. A. so that B. even if C. now that D. in case
10. A. talking B. starting C. breaking D. meeting
11. A. By the way B. On occasion C. In comparison D. As a result
12. A. heritage B. revival C. exchange D. status
13. A. with regard to B. in spite of C. as well as D. in line with
1 / 1114. A. completing B. influencing C. resuming D. pioneering
15. A. aided B. invested C. failed D. competed
16. A. Rather B. Indeed C. Otherwise D. However
17. A. go in for B. stand up for C. close in on D. stock up on
18. A. believed B. predicted C. recalled D. implied
19. A. until B. because C. unless D. although
20. A. ruins B. debt C. fashion D. series
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will
be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate
change is taught in Texas schools.
Pat Hardy, who sympathised with views of the energy sector, is resisting the proposed change
to science standards for pre-teen pupils. “There are as many scientists working against all the panic
of global climate change as there are those who are pushing it,” she claims. “Texas is an energy
state and we need to recognise that. You need to remember where your bread is buttered.”
Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy’s views. Board members like her “casually
dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion,” says Dan
Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that
monitors public education.
Such debate reflects fierce discussions across the US, as researchers, policymakers, teachers
and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in
schools.
A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists
and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in
science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers
were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and
has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.
Glenn Branch, the centre’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards
is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even
if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be
taught”, he says.
Another issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some
ages — such as earth and space sciences in high schools — it is not as well represented in curricula
for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It
2 / 11is also less prominent in many social studies courses.
Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect
scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more biased
perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by energy industry
associations.
21. In Paragraph 1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to ________.
A. forecast a policy shift in Texas schools
B. stress the consequences of climate change
C. indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting
D. draw the public’s attention to energy shortages
22. What does Quinn think of Hardy?
A. She exaggerates the existing panic.
B. She denies the value of scientific work.
C. She shows no concern for pre-teens.
D. She expresses self-contradictory views.
23. The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 shows that ________.
A. climate education is insufficient at state public schools
B. policymakers have little drive for science education
C. Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks
D. environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision
24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US ________.
A. call for regular revision
B. require urgent application
C. have limited influence
D. cater to local needs
25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools ________.
A. agrees to major public demands
B. reflects teachers’ personal biases
C. may misrepresent the energy sector
D. can be swayed by external forces
Text 2
Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals
since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now, with record-high home prices and historically
low inventory, there’s an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry
that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term
rental market.
In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent, housing
3 / 11advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market.
The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create
legislation restricting short-term rentals.
“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,” said Nick Taylor, executive director
of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast. Without enough affordable housing in
southern New Hampshire towns, “employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and
workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,” Taylor said.
However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, pointed out Ryan Castle, CEO
of a local association of realtors. “A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism
industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,’’ Castle said, “and so it’s a cyclical
effect.’’
Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren Horn, an expert on
affordable housing policy. “I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good
thing. If it’s their vacation home anyway, and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?”
Horn said. Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental
facilities — de facto hotels — to bypass taxes and regulations. “I think the question is, shouldn’t a
developer who’s really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and
regulated like a hotel?” Horn said.
At the end of 2018, Governor Charlie Baker of Massachusetts signed a bill to rein in those
potential investor-buyers. The bill requires every rental host to register with the state, mandates they
carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy. Boston took things
even further, requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department.
Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit struggling cities and towns, but “if
we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more.”
26. Which of the following is true of New England?
A. Its housing supply is at a very low level.
B. Its communities are in need of funding.
C. Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.
D. Its home prices are under strict control.
27. The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended to ________.
A. curb short-term rental speculation
B. ensure the supply of cheap housing
C. punish illegal dealings in housing
D. allow a free short-term rental market
28. Compared with Castle, Taylor is more likely to support ________.
A. further investment in local tourism
B. an increase in affordable housing
C. strict management of real estate agents
D. a favorable policy for short-term workers
29. What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph 5?
4 / 11A. The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.
B. The efficient operation of the local housing market.
C. The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.
D. The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.
30. Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is________.
A. an irrational decision
B. an unfeasible proposal
C. an unnecessary measure
D. an inadequate solution
Text 3
If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones, the biggest book retailer in the UK,
in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench, you might have to be prepared
to hunt around a bit; the same may be true of The President’s Daughter, the new thriller by Bill
Clinton and James Patterson. Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random
House (PRH), a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.
The problem began late last year, when PRH confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit
with Waterstones “at a very significant level”. The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that
Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as
tables, display spaces and windows, and were “quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.
PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me:
“Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, the only publisher in the
UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade. We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are
doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall
levels of stock. We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that
we will be allowed to buy appropriately. Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy. The sales for
our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since 2018.”
In the meantime, PRH authors have been the losers. Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit,
but it’s those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting
books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.
It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed
merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster — the reduction in the number
of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more
conformity in terms of what is published.
“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power,” says literary agent Andrew
Lownie. “The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs
a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices. After all, many of
the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”
We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big
enough to take on all-comers.
31. The author mentions two books in Paragraph 1 to present ______.
5 / 11A. an ongoing conflict
B. an intellectual concept
C. a prevailing sentiment
D. a literary phenomenon
32. Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?
A. To make them easily noticeable.
B. To comply with PRH’s requirement.
C. To respond to PRH’s business move.
D. To arrange them in a systematic way.
33. What message does the spokesman for Waterstones seem to convey?
A. Their customers remain loyal.
B. The credit limit will be removed.
C. Their stock is underestimated.
D. The book market is rather slack.
34. What can be one consequence of the current dispute?
A Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.
B Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism.
C Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name author's books.
D Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.
35. Which of the following statements best represents Lownie`s view?
A Small publishers ought to stick together.
B Big publishers will lose their dominance.
C The publishing industry is having a hard time.
D The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.
Text 4
Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish
millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of
those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the
title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of
scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers
they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.
Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers,
have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious
citation patterns, including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of
journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently,
another expression of this predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies
that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes
advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.
6 / 11The advent of electronic publishing and authors’ need to find outlets for their papers resulted
in thousands of new journals. The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind. These journals can
act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers.
In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the
citations. The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting
at all—it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to accrue
more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published.
How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an individual — acting as
author, editor, and consultant — was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles
published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation
database, which includes a high number of the new “international” journals. In fact, a listing in
Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.
Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. Red flags include a large
number of citations to an article within the first year. And for authors who wish to steer clear of
citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate
references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.
36. According to Paragraph 1, the careers of scientists can be determined by ________.
A. how many citations their works contain
B. how many times their papers are cited
C. the prestige of the people they work with
D. the status they have in scientific circles
37. The support service consultancies tend to _________.
A. recommended journals to their clients
B. list citation patterns for their clients
C. ask authors to include extra citations
D. advise contributors to cite each other
38. The function of the “milk cow” journals is to ________.
A. boost citation counts for certain authors
B. help scholars publish articles at low cost
C. instruct first time contributors in citation
D. increase the readership of new journals
39. What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraphs?
A. It fosters competition among citation providers.
B. It has the capability to identify suspicious citations.
C. It hinders the growth of “international” journals.
D. It is established to prevent citation manipulation.
40. What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?
A. Take legal action.
B. Demand an apology.
7 / 11C. Seek professional advice.
D. Reveal their misconduct.
Part B
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to
reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-H and filling them into
the numbered boxes. Paragraph A, E and H have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on
the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A. Last year marks the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned
landscape photographer William Henry Jackson. Jackson snapped the first-ever shots of iconic
landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies on a late 19th-century
expedition through the Yellowstone Basin, conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and
Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden. The team included a meteorologist,
a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an agricultural statistician.
B. Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to
many U.S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts —
and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular — came in the form of
vivid photographs.
C. As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s
stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with
reproductions of Moran’s paintings, to each member of Congress. “The visualization, particularly
those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,” says Alicia
Murphy, Yellowstone’s park historian.
D. Throughout the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the collodion process
that involved coating the plates with a chemical mixture, exposing them and developing the
resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on
exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment — several men had to assist in its
transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from
majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition
members at the camp. While veterans of previous expeditions had written at length about stunning
trail sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.
E. The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah, on June 8, 1871. Over nearly four months, dozens
of man made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River
and around Yellowstone Lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming
F. Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area’s
riches, most Americans did not. That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller
understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety
8 / 11of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter
Thomas Moran and photographer Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural
beauty and sharing it with the world.
G. The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In
quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872
. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as
the world’s first national park. While some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was
largely accepted — and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “I don’t
believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those
images,” says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and
Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 years of the National Park Service.
H. Perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence that later made its way to
government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team’s
observation into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with
colleagues at government agency like the Department of Interior that Yellowstone ought to be
preserved.
41. → A → 42. → E → 43. → H → 44. → 45.
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation
should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
There has been some exploration around the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital
marketing. For example, AI can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would
be appropriate to ‘speak’ to a specific target customer group by revealing information about trends
and preferences through the analysis of big data. (46) AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle
choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities and fashions to provide unique
content in marketing messages put out through social media. At the same time AI can also be used to
generate content for social media posts and chat sites.
The main disadvantage of using AI to respond to customers is that there are concerns about
trusting personal interactions to machines, which could lead not only to the subsequent loss of
interpersonal connections, but also to a decrease in marketing personnel. (47) Some believe that AI
is negatively impacting on the marketer’s role by reducing creativity and removing jobs, but they
are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information. By allowing AI to develop
content some brand marketers may find that they are losing control over the brand narrative. (48)
Algorithms that are used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns,
especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will
be.
For AI to be successful, data needs to be accessible, but the use of personal data is becoming
9 / 11more regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming more difficult. (49) If customers are
not willing to share data, AI will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function
effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.
Therefore, unless customers are prepared to sign release agreements, the use of AI may become
somewhat restricted in the future. Not only can AI help to create the marketing content, but it can
also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers. Data can be
gathered on where the customer can be engaged, such as location, devices used, website interactions,
and sites visited, to display marketing messages in appropriate forms, including emails, social media
posts, pop-up advertisements, and banners at an appropriate frequency. (50) The non-intrusive
delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer is
one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a notice to recruit a student for Prof. Smith’s research project on campus sports activities.
Specify the duties and requirements of the job.
Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in the notice; use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay based on the picture below. In your essay, you should
1) describe the picture briefly,
2) interpret the implied meaning, and
3) give your comments.
Write your answer in 160-200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
10 / 112023 年试题答案速查表
Section I Use of English (10 points)
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10.D
11. D 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. A
Section II Reading Comprehension (60 points)
Part A (40 points)
Text 1
21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D
Text 2
26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. D
Text 3
31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D
Text 4
36. B 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. D
Part B (10 points)
41. B 42. F 43. D 44. C 45. G
Part C (10 points)
46.人工智能还可用来识别客户选择的生活方式，包括他们的爱好、喜爱的名人和时尚，从
而提供独特的营销信息通过社交媒体进行发布。
47.一些人认为，人工智能削弱创造力和消除工作岗位，正在对营销人员的角色产生负面影
响，但他们也意识到，这是一种降低成本、创造新信息的方式。
48.用于模拟人际互动行为的算法正引发很多这样的担忧，尤其在没有人能确信使用人工智
能与客户互动会产生何种结果的情况下，就更是如此。
49.如果客户不愿分享数据，人工智能将缺少必要的信息，也就无法有效发挥功效，或无法
利用机器学习优化其营销内容，促进传播。
50.以敏锐把握目标客户需求的方式推送营销信息，又不侵扰客户，这是数字营销人员面临
的极其重大的挑战。
11 / 11
