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第 01 讲 特殊疑问句与名词单复数（原卷版）
【暑假自学课】2025 年新八年级人教版（2024）英语
01
特殊疑问句
语法解析
1. 核心疑问词详解
疑问词 用法示例 易错对比
What What do you want to eat?（问内容） What vs Which： What book?（泛指）
Which book?（特指）
Why Why is he late?（问原因） 回答必须用Because，不能用So
Where Where did you put my bag?（问地点） Where vs There： Where是疑问词，
There是副词（如There is a book）
How How does she learn English?（问方式） How often（频率）vs How long（时
长）
2. 句型结构公式
对动作提问：
疑问词 + do/does/did + 主语 + 动词原形？
▶ 例：What does your sister do?（问职业）
对状态提问：
疑问词 + is/are + 主语？
▶ 例：Where is your school?（问地点）
学科网（北京）股份有限公司【典例分析】
考点1：疑问词辨析（基础）
1. —________ is your favorite sport?
—Basketball.
A. What B. Why C. Where D. How
2. —________ is the bank?
—It’s across from the park.
A. What B. Why C. Where D. How
3. —________ do you usually get up?
—At 7:00 a.m.
考点2：疑问词与动词搭配（进阶）
1. —________ does your mother work?
—She works in a hospital.
A. What B. Where C. How D. When
2. —________ do you go to the library?
—Twice a week.
A. How often B. How long C. When D. Where
3. —________ is the book?
—It’s 20 yuan.
考点3：语境应用（综合）
1. —________ do you think of the movie?
—It’s very interesting.
A. What B. How C. Why D. Where
2. —________ is the weather like today?
—It’s sunny.
A. What B. How C. Why D. When
学科网（北京）股份有限公司3. —________ is the girl crying?
—Because she lost her toy.
02
名词单复数
语法解析
1. 规则变化表（含易错点）
结尾字母 变化规则 例词 易错错误
一般情况 加-s cat→cats 不可漏加-s（如book→books）
s/x/sh/ch 加-es box→boxes 不可写成boxs
辅音+y 变y为i加-es story→stories 元音+y直接加-s（如boy→boys）
有生命o 加-es hero→heroes 无生命加-s（如piano→pianos）
f/fe 变f/fe为v加-es leaf→leaves 特例roof→roofs（直接加-s）
2. 不规则变化分类记忆
单复数同形：
▶ 动物：sheep（绵羊）、deer（鹿）、fish（鱼，表种类时用fishes）
▶ 国籍：Chinese（中国人）、Japanese（日本人）
内部变形：
▶ man→men、woman→women、child→children
集体名词：
▶ family（家庭）：The family is big.（整体）
The family are watching TV.（个体）
【典例分析】
考点1：规则变化辨析（基础）
1. There are three ________ on the desk.
A. box B. boxs C. boxes D. box’
学科网（北京）股份有限公司2. The supermarket sells many ________.
A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. tomato’s
3. I have two ________ in my schoolbag.
A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. knife’s
考点2：不规则变化与特殊名词（进阶）
1. I saw five ________ and two ________ in the zoo.
A. sheeps; deers B. sheep; deer C. sheeps; deer D. sheep; deers
2. The ________ in our school are very kind.
A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teacher
3. How many ________ are there in the picture?
A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens
考点3：不可数名词量化表达（综合）
1. There is a ________ of milk on the table.
A. glass B. glasses C. cup D. cups
2. I need two ________ of bread.
A. piece B. pieces C. loaf D. loaves
3. Would you like some ________?
A. water B. waters C. apple D. apples
学习总结
核心语法点速记
1. 特殊疑问句：
疑问词口诀：What问物，Why问因，Where问地，Which问选，How问式，When问
时。
结构公式：疑问词 + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形（对动作提问）；疑问词
+ be动词 + 主语（对状态提问）。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司2. 名词单复数：
规则变化：记牢“s/x/sh/ch加-es，辅音+y变i加-es，有生命o加-es，f/fe变v加-
es”。
不规则记忆：单复数同形（sheep, deer）、特殊变形（man→men, child→children）、
集体名词看语境（family单复数灵活用）。
易错点警示
特殊疑问句：注意助动词与主语的人称和时态一致（如Does he like...? Did they go...?）。
名词复数：避免混淆o结尾的有生命/无生命名词（tomato→tomatoes vs. photo→photos），
牢记单复数同形词（sheep, fish）。
过关检测
（一）单项选择
3. —________ is your sister’s birthday?
—It’s on June 5th.
A. What B. Where C. When D. How
4. How many ________ are there in the classroom?
A. student B. students C. student’s D. students’
5. —________ do you go to the library?
—Twice a week.
A. How often B. How long C. When D. Where
6. There are many ________ in the forest.
A. wolf B. wolfs C. wolves D. wolfes
学科网（北京）股份有限公司7. —________ is the nearest bus stop?
—It’s over there.
A. What B. Where C. When D. How
8. The books are ________ the shelf.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
9. How much ________ do you want?
A. apple B. apples C. milk D. milks
10.—________ is your favorite color?
—Blue.
A. What B. Where C. When D. How
11.I have a ________ of shoes.
A. pair B. pairs C. cup D. cups
12.The ________ are playing football.
A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens
（二）句型转换
1. The books are on the shelf.（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ ________ the books?
2. She is my sister.（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ is she?
3. He goes to school by bike .（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ does he go to school?
4. There is a pen on the desk.（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ ________ on the desk?
5. They like pandas because they are cute.（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ do they like pandas?
学科网（北京）股份有限公司6. My brother is twelve years old.（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ ________ is your brother?
7. The boy is in the classroom.（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ is the boy?
8. She has three apples.（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ ________ apples does she have?
9. The cat is black .（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ ________ is the cat?
10.I go to bed at 9:00 p.m..（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ ________ do you go to bed?
（三）改错题
1. There is a lot of knifes in the kitchen.（改：________）
2. How many sheeps are there on the farm?（改：________）
3. The childs are playing games.（改：________）
4. Wheres the library?（改：________）
5. I have two watchs.（改：________）
（四）完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
One sunny afternoon, Lucy and her brother Tom are talking about their favorite animals.
“____1____ animals do you like best, Tom?” Lucy asks.
“I like pandas,” Tom says. “____2____? Because they are cute and friendly. What about you?”
Lucy thinks for a moment, “I love giraffes. Do you know ____3____ giraffes are from?”
“Africa, right?” Tom answers. “Yes! And they have long necks to eat leaves from tall trees.”
Lucy nods, “There are many ____4____ in the zoo near our home. Let’s go there this weekend.”
“Good idea! But ____5____ can we get there?” Tom asks. “By bike or by bus?”
学科网（北京）股份有限公司“Let’s take the bus. It’s faster,” Lucy says. “And don’t forget to bring some water. We’ll stay
there for hours.”
（五）阅读理解
Passage 1（选择题，3题）
阅读短文，选择最佳答案：
Hello, I’m Mike. My favorite place is the City Zoo. There are many interesting animals here. The
pandas from China are cute and shy. They like eating bamboo. The lions from Africa are strong but
scary. My brother Tom loves wolves. They have sharp teeth and live in groups. Every weekend, we go
to the zoo with our parents. We always take some photos of the animals. Tom often asks me, “Where do
wolves live?” I tell him, “They live in forests.” Sometimes we meet our classmates there. We talk about
animals and have a good time.
1. What is Mike’s favorite place?
A. The park. B. The zoo. C. The library. D. The museum.
2. Why does Tom love wolves?
A. Because they are cute. B. The passage doesn’t mention. C. Because they live in groups. D.
Because they have short teeth.
3. What do they often do at the zoo?
A. Feed the animals. B. Take photos of animals. C. Play games. D. Have a picnic.
Passage 2
阅读短文，完成下列题目：
Hi, I’m Lily. Today is Sunday. My family are all at home. My father is reading a newspaper in
the living room. My mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen. My sister and I are playing games in our
bedroom. We have a pet dog, Lucky. She is sleeping under the table. My brother Tom is drawing a
picture of Lucky. “Where is Lucky?” he asks. “She’s under the table,” I say. After dinner, we often
watch TV together. My family is small but happy.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司1. Where is Lily’s father?
________________________
2. Who is Tom drawing a picture of?
________________________
3. How is Lily’s family?
________________________
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
