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第 01 讲 特殊疑问句与名词单复数（解析版）
【暑假自学课】2025 年新八年级人教版（2024）英语
01 特殊疑问句
语法解析
1. 核心疑问词详解
疑问词 用法示例 易错对比
What What do you want to eat?（问内容） What vs Which： What book?（泛指）
Which book?（特指）
Why Why is he late?（问原因） 回答必须用Because，不能用So
Where Where did you put my bag?（问地点） Where vs There： Where是疑问词，
There是副词（如There is a book）
How How does she learn English?（问方式） How often（频率）vs How long（时
长）
2. 句型结构公式
对动作提问：
疑问词 + do/does/did + 主语 + 动词原形？
▶ 例：What does your sister do?（问职业）
对状态提问：
疑问词 + is/are + 主语？
▶ 例：Where is your school?（问地点）
学科网（北京）股份有限公司【典例分析】
考点1：疑问词辨析（基础）
1. —________ is your favorite sport?
—Basketball.
A. What B. Why C. Where D. How
【答案】A
【解析】 提问“最喜欢的运动是什么”，用What询问事物，故选A。
2. —________ is the bank?
—It’s across from the park.
A. What B. Why C. Where D. How
【答案】C
【解析】 答语“across from the park”表地点，用Where提问，故选C。
3. —________ do you usually get up?
—At 7:00 a.m.
A. What time B. Why C. Where D. How
【答案】A
【解析】 答语“At 7:00 a.m.”表具体时间点，用What time提问，故选A。
考点2：疑问词与动词搭配（进阶）
1. —________ does your mother work?
—She works in a hospital.
A. What B. Where C. How D. When
【答案】B
【解析】 提问工作地点用Where，搭配动词work，故选B。
2. —________ do you go to the library?
—Twice a week.
A. How often B. How long C. When D. Where
学科网（北京）股份有限公司【答案】A
【解析】 答语“Twice a week”表频率，用How often提问，故选A。
3. —________ is the book?
—It’s 20 yuan.
A. How much B. How many C. What D. When
【答案】A
【解析】 提问价格用How much，故选A。
考点3：语境应用（综合）
1. —________ do you think of the movie?
—It’s very interesting.
A. What B. How C. Why D. Where
【答案】A
【解析】 固定句型What do you think of...?（你认为……怎么样？），故选A。
2. —________ is the weather like today?
—It’s sunny.
A. What B. How C. Why D. When
【答案】A
【解析】 询问天气固定句型What’s the weather like?，故选A。
3. —________ is the girl crying?
—Because she lost her toy.
A. What B. How C. Why D. Where
【答案】C
【解析】 答语以Because开头，提问原因用Why，故选C。
02 名词单复数
学科网（北京）股份有限公司语法解析
1. 规则变化表（含易错点）
结尾字母 变化规则 例词 易错错误
一般情况 加-s cat→cats 不可漏加-s（如book→books）
s/x/sh/ch 加-es box→boxes 不可写成boxs
辅音+y 变y为i加-es story→stories 元音+y直接加-s（如boy→boys）
有生命o 加-es hero→heroes 无生命加-s（如piano→pianos）
f/fe 变f/fe为v加-es leaf→leaves 特例roof→roofs（直接加-s）
2. 不规则变化分类记忆
单复数同形：
▶ 动物：sheep（绵羊）、deer（鹿）、fish（鱼，表种类时用fishes）
▶ 国籍：Chinese（中国人）、Japanese（日本人）
内部变形：
▶ man→men、woman→women、child→children
集体名词：
▶ family（家庭）：The family is big.（整体）
The family are watching TV.（个体）
【典例分析】
考点1：规则变化辨析（基础）
1. There are three ________ on the desk.
A. box B. boxs C. boxes D. box’
【答案】C
【解析】 box以x结尾，复数加-es，故选C。
2. The supermarket sells many ________.
A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. tomato’s
学科网（北京）股份有限公司【答案】C
【解析】 tomato以o结尾且有生命，复数加-es，故选C。
3. I have two ________ in my schoolbag.
A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. knife’s
【答案】C
【解析】 knife以fe结尾，复数变f为v加-es，故选C。
考点2：不规则变化与特殊名词（进阶）
1. I saw five ________ and two ________ in the zoo.
A. sheeps; deers B. sheep; deer C. sheeps; deer D. sheep; deers
【答案】B
【解析】 sheep和deer均为单复数同形，复数不变，故选B。
2. The ________ in our school are very kind.
A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teacher
【答案】C
【解析】 woman作定语时，复数需与被修饰词一致，故为women teachers，故选C。
3. How many ________ are there in the picture?
A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens
【答案】B
【解析】 child的复数是不规则变化children，故选B。
考点3：不可数名词量化表达（综合）
1. There is a ________ of milk on the table.
A. glass B. glasses C. cup D. cups
【答案】A
【解析】 a glass of milk（一杯牛奶），量词用单数，故选A。
2. I need two ________ of bread.
A. piece B. pieces C. loaf D. loaves
学科网（北京）股份有限公司【答案】B
【解析】 two pieces of bread（两片面包），量词用复数，故选B。
3. Would you like some ________?
A. water B. waters C. apple D. apples
【答案】A
【解析】 water是不可数名词，不能加-s，故选A。
学习总结
核心语法点速记
1. 特殊疑问句：
疑问词口诀：What问物，Why问因，Where问地，Which问选，How问式，When问
时。
结构公式：疑问词 + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形（对动作提问）；疑问词
+ be动词 + 主语（对状态提问）。
2. 名词单复数：
规则变化：记牢“s/x/sh/ch加-es，辅音+y变i加-es，有生命o加-es，f/fe变v加-
es”。
不规则记忆：单复数同形（sheep, deer）、特殊变形（man→men, child→children）、
集体名词看语境（family单复数灵活用）。
易错点警示
特殊疑问句：注意助动词与主语的人称和时态一致（如Does he like...? Did they go...?）。
名词复数：避免混淆o结尾的有生命/无生命名词（tomato→tomatoes vs. photo→photos），
牢记单复数同形词（sheep, fish）。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司过关检测
（一）单项选择
1. —________ is your sister’s birthday?
—It’s on June 5th.
A. What B. Where C. When D. How
【答案】C
【解析】 提问日期用When，故选C。
2. How many ________ are there in the classroom?
A. student B. students C. student’s D. students’
【答案】B
【解析】 How many后接可数名词复数，student加-s，故选B。
3. —________ do you go to the library?
—Twice a week.
A. How often B. How long C. When D. Where
【答案】A
【解析】 答语“Twice a week”表频率，用How often提问，故选A。
4. There are many ________ in the forest.
A. wolf B. wolfs C. wolves D. wolfes
【答案】C
【解析】 wolf以f结尾，复数改f为v加-es，故选C。
5. —________ is the nearest bus stop?
—It’s over there.
A. What B. Where C. When D. How
【答案】B
【解析】 提问地点用Where，故选B。
6. The books are ________ the shelf.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
学科网（北京）股份有限公司【答案】B
【解析】 书在书架上用介词on，故选B。
7. How much ________ do you want?
A. apple B. apples C. milk D. milks
【答案】C
【解析】 How much后接不可数名词，milk是不可数名词，故选C。
8. —________ is your favorite color?
—Blue.
A. What B. Where C. When D. How
【答案】A
【解析】 提问颜色用What，故选A。
9. I have a ________ of shoes.
A. pair B. pairs C. cup D. cups
【答案】A
【解析】 a pair of shoes（一双鞋），量词用单数，故选A。
10.The ________ are playing football.
A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens
【答案】B
【解析】 child的复数是children，故选B。
（二）句型转换
1. The books are on the shelf .（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ ________ the books?
【答案】Where are
【解析】 对地点提问用Where，be动词are提前。
2. She is my sister .（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ is she?
学科网（北京）股份有限公司【答案】Who
【解析】 对人提问用Who。
3. He goes to school by bike .（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ does he go to school?
【答案】How
【解析】 对交通方式提问用How。
4. There is a pen on the desk.（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ ________ on the desk?
【答案】What is
【解析】 对事物提问用What，is提前。
5. They like pandas because they are cute.（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ do they like pandas?
【答案】Why
【解析】 对原因提问用Why。
6. My brother is twelve years old .（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ ________ is your brother?
【答案】How old
【解析】 对年龄提问用How old。
7. The boy is in the classroom .（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ is the boy?
【答案】Where
【解析】 对地点提问用Where。
8. She has three apples .（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ ________ apples does she have?
【答案】How many
【解析】 对可数名词数量提问用How many。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司9. The cat is black.（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ ________ is the cat?
【答案】What color
【解析】 对颜色提问用What color。
10.I go to bed at 9:00 p.m ..（对划线部分提问）
→ ________ ________ do you go to bed?
【答案】What time
【解析】 对具体时间点提问用What time。
（三）改错题
1. There is a lot of knifes in the kitchen.（改：________）
【答案】knives
【解析】 knife以fe结尾，复数需改fe为v加-es，正确形式为knives。
2. How many sheeps are there on the farm?（改：________）
【答案】sheep
【解析】 sheep是单复数同形名词，复数形式不变，应为sheep。
3. The childs are playing games.（改：________）
【答案】children
【解析】 child的复数是不规则变化children，而非直接加-s。
4. Wheres the library?（改：________）
【答案】Where’s
【解析】 Where is的缩写应为Where’s，需保留缩写符号’。
5. I have two watchs.（改：________）
【答案】watches
【解析】 watch以ch结尾，复数需加-es，正确形式为watches。
（四）完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司One sunny afternoon, Lucy and her brother Tom are talking about their favorite animals.
“____1____ animals do you like best, Tom?” Lucy asks.
“I like pandas,” Tom says. “____2____? Because they are cute and friendly. What
about you?”
Lucy thinks for a moment, “I love giraffes. Do you know ____3____ giraffes are from?”
“Africa, right?” Tom answers. “Yes! And they have long necks to eat leaves from tall
trees.”
Lucy nods, “There are many ____4____ in the zoo near our home. Let’s go there this
weekend.”
“Good idea! But ____5____ can we get there?” Tom asks. “By bike or by bus?”
“Let’s take the bus. It’s faster,” Lucy says. “And don’t forget to bring some
water. We’ll stay there for hours.”
答案与解析
1. A
【解析】 提问“喜欢什么动物”用What，故选A。
2. B
【解析】 答语以Because开头，提问原因用Why，故选B。
3. C
【解析】 答语“Africa”表地点，提问来源用Where，故选C。
4. B
【解析】 many后接可数名词复数animals，故选B。
5. D
【解析】 答语“By bike or by bus”表交通方式，提问用How，故选D。
（五）阅读理解
Passage 1
阅读短文，选择最佳答案：
学科网（北京）股份有限公司Hello, I’m Mike. My favorite place is the City Zoo. There are many interesting
animals here. The pandas from China are cute and shy. They like eating bamboo. The lions
from Africa are strong but scary. My brother Tom loves wolves. They have sharp teeth and
live in groups. Every weekend, we go to the zoo with our parents. We always take some
photos of the animals. Tom often asks me, “Where do wolves live?” I tell him, “They
live in forests.” Sometimes we meet our classmates there. We talk about animals and have
a good time.
1. What is Mike’s favorite place?
A. The park. B. The zoo. C. The library. D. The museum.
【答案】B
【解析】 根据“My favorite place is the City Zoo.”直接得出答案。
2. Why does Tom love wolves?
A. Because they are cute. B. The passage doesn’t mention. C. Because they live in
groups. D. Because they have short teeth.
【答案】B
【解析】 文中未提及Tom喜欢狼的原因，仅描述狼的特征，故选B。
3. What do they often do at the zoo?
A. Feed the animals. B. Take photos of animals. C. Play games. D. Have a picnic.
【答案】B
【解析】 根据“We always take some photos of the animals.”得出答案。
Passage 2
阅读短文，完成下列题目：
Hi, I’m Lily. Today is Sunday. My family are all at home. My father is reading a
newspaper in the living room. My mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen. My sister and I are
playing games in our bedroom. We have a pet dog, Lucky. She is sleeping under the table.
My brother Tom is drawing a picture of Lucky. “Where is Lucky?” he asks. “She’s under
the table,” I say. After dinner, we often watch TV together. My family is small but happy.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司1. Where is Lily’s father?
________________________
【答案】In the living room.
【解析】 根据“My father is reading a newspaper in the living room.”直接提取地点。
2. Who is Tom drawing a picture of?
________________________
【答案】Lucky.
【解析】 由“My brother Tom is drawing a picture of Lucky.”可知，Tom画的对象是
Lucky。
3. How is Lily’s family?
________________________
【答案】Small but happy.
【解析】 文末明确提到“My family is small but happy”，直接引用原文作答。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
