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人教版八上英语 讲义
Unit 1 Happy Holiday
一、语法考点
（一）一般过去时
概念：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，
如 yesterday（昨天）、last week（上周）、two days ago（两天前）等。
构成形式
肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。例如：I visited my grandparents last
weekend.（我上周末看望了我的祖父母。）
否定句：主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他。例如：He didn't go to school
yesterday.（他昨天没去上学。）
一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did.
否定回答：No, 主语 + didn't. 例如：Did you go to the park yesterday? Yes, I
did. / No, I didn't.（你昨天去公园了吗？是的，我去了。/ 不，我没去。）
动词过去式变化规则
规则变化
一般在动词原形末尾加 -ed，如：look - looked，play - played。
以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，直接加 -d，如：live - lived，hope -
hoped。
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加
-ed，如：stop - stopped，plan - planned。
以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词，先变 y 为 i，再加 -ed，如：study
- studied，carry - carried。
不规则变化：需特殊记忆，如：go - went，do - did，see - saw，have - had
等。（二）不定代词
概念：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
常见不定代词：something（某事；某物）、anything（任何事；任何物）、nothing
（没有什么）、someone（某人）、anyone（任何人）、no one（没有人）、
everyone（每个人）等。
用法
something 常用于肯定句中；anything 常用于否定句和疑问句中，但在表示
请求、建议，希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中用 something。
例如：I have something to tell you.（我有某事要告诉你。）
Do you have anything to say?（你有什么要说的吗？）
Would you like something to eat?（你想吃点什么吗？）
nothing 表示否定意义，相当于 “not...anything”。
例如：I saw nothing. = I didn't see anything.（我什么也没看见。）
someone、anyone、no one、everyone 等指人，它们的用法与 something、
anything 等类似。
例如：Someone is knocking at the door.（有人在敲门。）
Is there anyone in the classroom?（教室里有人吗？）
二、词汇考点
（一）重点单词
1. anyone：pron. 任何人，常用于否定句和疑问句中。例如：Did you meet anyone
interesting?（你遇到有趣的人了吗？）
2. wonderful：adj. 精彩的；绝妙的，可用来描述事物或经历。例如：We had a
wonderful time at the party.（我们在聚会上玩得很开心。）
3. few：adj. & pron. 不多；很少，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义；a few 表示
“一些；几个”，表示肯定意义 。例如：Few people like snakes.（很少有人喜欢
蛇。）I have a few friends here.（我在这里有几个朋友。）4. quite a few：相当多；不少，修饰可数名词复数。例如：He has quite a few
books.（他有相当多的书。）
5. most：adj., adv. & pron. 最多；大多数；大部分，可以修饰名词、动词等。例如：
Most students like English.（大多数学生喜欢英语。）I like math most.（我最喜欢
数学。）
6. something：pron. 某事；某物，常用于肯定句。例如：There is something
wrong with my bike.（我的自行车出毛病了。）
7. nothing：pron. 没有什么；没有一件东西，表否定意义。例如：I have nothing
to do today.（我今天无事可做。）
8. everyone：pron. 每人；人人；所有人，强调整体。例如：Everyone is here
today.（今天每个人都在这儿。）
9. myself：pron. 我自己，反身代词。例如：I can do it myself.（我能自己做这件
事。）
10. yourself：pron. 你自己，反身代词，复数形式为 yourselves（你们自己）。例如：
Help yourself to some fruit.（请随便吃些水果。）
（二）重点短语
1. go on vacation：去度假，等同于 “take a vacation”“have a vacation”。例如：
Where did you go on vacation?（你去哪里度假了？）
2. stay at home：待在家里。例如：I often stay at home on weekends.（我周末经
常待在家里。）
3. go to the mountains：去爬山。例如：We went to the mountains last Sunday.
（我们上周日去爬山了。）
4. go to the beach：去海滩。例如：They like going to the beach in summer.（他
们夏天喜欢去海滩。）
5. visit museums：参观博物馆。例如：We visited some museums during the trip.
（我们在旅行中参观了一些博物馆。）
6. quite a few：相当多；不少，修饰可数名词复数。例如：He took quite a few
photos.（他拍了相当多的照片。）
7. most of the time：大部分时间。例如：I stayed at home and read books most of
the time.（我大部分时间都待在家里看书。）
8. taste good：尝起来不错，“taste” 是系动词，后接形容词作表语。类似的系动
词还有 look（看起来）、sound（听起来）、feel（感觉起来）等。例如：The
food tastes good.（这食物尝起来不错。）
9. have a good time：玩得开心，等同于 “enjoy oneself”“have fun”。例如：We
had a good time at the party.（我们在聚会上玩得很开心。）
10. of course：当然。例如：— Can you help me? — Of course.（— 你能帮我吗？
— 当然。）三、同步练习
（一）单项选择
1. — Did you go ________ interesting on vacation?
— Yes, I went to Hangzhou.
A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere
2. I didn't buy anything for ________. I think they're too expensive.
A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. themselves
3. — How was your vacation, Lily?
— ________. I had a great time.
A. Terrible B. Boring C. Wonderful D. Not good
4. There are ________ people in the supermarket. It's so crowded.
A. few B. a few C. quite a few D. little
5. — Did you ________ any photos in the mountains?
— Yes, I did.
A. take B. took C. taking D. takes
6. — Did you meet ________ famous on your trip?
— No, I didn't.
A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one
7. The food in that restaurant ________ delicious. I like it very much.
A. looks B. sounds C. tastes D. feels8. — Where did you go last weekend?
— I ________ at home and watched TV.
A. stay B. stayed C. stays D. am staying
9. — How many students are there in the classroom?
— ________. They are all on the playground.
A. No one B. None C. Someone D. Anyone
10. — Did you have a good time at the party?
— Yes, I did. I really enjoyed ________.
A. me B. myself C. mine D. I
11. My father didn't buy ________ in the shop because the things were too expensive.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
12. — Did you go to the park with ________?
— Yes, I went with my sister.
A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one
13. — What did you do last night?
— I ________ a book about history.
A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read
14. — How was your trip to the mountains?
— It was great, but we were a little ________.
A. boring B. bored C. interesting D. interested
15. — Did you see ________ in the room?
— No, I saw ________.
A. something; nothing B. anything; nothing
C. nothing; something D. anything; something16. — I'm hungry. Is there ________ to eat?
— Yes, there is some bread on the table.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
17. — Did you visit your grandparents last week?
— No, I ________. I visited my aunt.
A. didn't B. did C. don't D. do
18.— What did your mother do on vacation?
— She ________ shopping and bought some clothes.
A. go B. goes C. went D. going
19. — How often do you go to the movies?
— ________. I'm always busy with my study.
A. Always B. Usually C. Sometimes D. Hardly ever
20. — I had a bad cold. I didn't go to school yesterday.
— ________.
A. I'm sorry to hear that B. That's all right
C. You're welcome D. Don't worry
（二）用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. I ________ (go) to the park yesterday and had a good time there.
2. My mother ________ (not buy) anything for herself last week.
3. There are some ________ (different) between the two pictures.4. I really enjoyed ________ (myself / ourselves) at the party last night.
5. Everyone in our class ________ (like) reading books.
6. Tom ________ (visit) his grandparents last weekend.
7. We decided ________ (go) to the beach this summer vacation.
8. Did you have fun ________ (play) basketball with your friends?
9. I found a little girl ________ (cry) in the corner just now.
10. It was sunny and hot yesterday. We felt like ________ (eat) ice - cream.
11. My father seems ________ (be) very tired today. He needs to have a rest.
12. There ________ (be) a lot of people in the supermarket yesterday.
13. She ________ (write) a letter to her friend last night.
14. The movie was so ________ (bore) that I fell asleep in the cinema.15. They ________ (take) quite a few photos when they visited the Great Wall.
16. I'm ________ (wonder) why he didn't come to school today.
17. We ________ (not have) a party last night because it rained heavily.
18. He ________ (try) his best to climb the mountain and he made it.
19. Look! There are some ________ (duck) swimming in the river.
20. My sister practices ________ (speak) English every day.
（三）阅读理解
Last summer vacation, I went to Beijing with my family. We visited many
interesting places. On the first day, we went to Tian'anmen Square. It was really
large and there were many people there. We took some photos. Then we went to
the Palace Museum. I learned a lot about Chinese history there. On the second
day, we visited the Great Wall. It was very long and wonderful. We walked on the
Great Wall for a long time. We were tired but happy. On the third day, we went
shopping. I bought some gifts for my friends. We had a great time in Beijing.1. ( )Where did the writer go last summer vacation?
A. Shanghai. B. Beijing. C. Hangzhou. D. Guangzhou.
2. ( )What did they do on the first day?
A. They visited the Great Wall.
B. They went shopping.
C. They visited Tian'anmen Square and the Palace Museum.
D. They took a walk.
3. ( )How did they feel after walking on the Great Wall?
A. Tired and sad. B. Tired but happy. C. Relaxed. D. Bored.
4. ( )What did the writer do on the third day?
A. Bought some gifts. B. Took some photos.
C. Learned about Chinese history. D. Visited an interesting place.
5. ( )Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The writer went to Beijing alone.
B. They didn't take any photos.
C. They had a good time in Beijing.
D. They visited the Great Wall on the first day.
