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人教版八上英语 讲义
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals
一、语法考点
（一）形容词和副词的最高级
1.
构成规则
① -est tall - tallest short - shortest
一般在词尾加 。例如： ， 。
② e -st nice - nicest fine - finest
以字母 结尾的词，加 。例如： ， 。
③
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加
-est big - biggest hot - hottest
。例如： ， 。
④ “ + y” y i -est
以 辅音字母 结尾的双音节词，先把 改为 ，再加 。例如：
happy - happiest early - earliest
， 。
⑤ most interesting - most
多音节词和部分双音节词在前面加 。例如：
interesting outgoing - most outgoing
， 。
2. “ ……”
用法：用于三者或三者以上的比较，表示 最 。常与表示范围的短语或从
in... …… of... ……
句连用，如 （在 范围内）、 （在 之中）等。
① the the
形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词 ，副词最高级前 可省略。例如：
He is the tallest boy in our class.
（他是我们班最高的男孩。）
She runs (the) fastest in her school.
（她在学校里跑得最快。）
②
常见句型：
“one of the + + ” “ …… ”
形容词最高级 可数名词复数 表示 最 之一 。
The Great Wall is one of the most famous places in the
例如：
world.
（长城是世界上最著名的地方之一。）
“Which/Who... + A, B or C?”
最高级， 用于在三者或三者以上中进
Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the
行选择。例如：
earth?
（太阳、月亮和地球，哪一个最大？）
（二）倍数表达法1. “A + be + + as + + as + B” “A B ”
倍数 形容词原级 表示 是 的几倍 。例如：
This room is three times as big as that one.
（这个房间是那个房间的三倍
大。）
2. “A + be + + + than + B” “A B / /
倍数 形容词比较级 表示 比 大 长 高等
” The Yangtze River is about twice longer than the Pearl River.
几倍 。例如：
（长江大约比珠江长两倍。）
二、词汇考点
（一）重点单词
1. amazing adj.
： 令人大为惊奇的；令人惊喜（或惊羡、惊叹）的。常用来修饰
The movie has an amazing ending.
物。例如： （这部电影有一个令人惊叹的结
局。）
2. oldest old “ ” This is the
： 的最高级，意为 最古老的；年纪最大的 。例如：
oldest building in the city.
（这是这座城市里最古老的建筑。）
3. heaviest heavy “ ” The elephant is the
： 的最高级，意为 最重的 。例如：
heaviest animal on land.
（大象是陆地上最重的动物。）
4. fastest fast “ ” The cheetah is the fastest
： 的最高级，意为 最快的 。例如：
animal on land.
（猎豹是陆地上跑得最快的动物。）
5. most beautiful beautiful “ ” She is the
： 的最高级，意为 最美丽的 。例如：
most beautiful girl in our school.
（她是我们学校最漂亮的女孩。）
6. popular adj. more popular
： 受欢迎的；普遍的；流行的。比较级为 ，最高级
most popular Football is a very popular sport.
为 。例如： （足球是一项非常受
欢迎的运动。）
7. useful adj. more useful most
： 有用的；有益的。比较级为 ，最高级为
useful A dictionary is a useful tool for learning languages.
。例如： （字典是学
习语言的有用工具。）
8. create v. The artist created a beautiful painting.
： 创造；创作；创建。例如：
（这位艺术家创作了一幅美丽的画作。）
9. communicate v. communication We
： 交流；沟通。名词形式为 。例如：
communicate with each other by email.
（我们通过电子邮件相互交流。）
10.protect v. We should protect the environment.
： 保护；防护。例如： （我们
应该保护环境。）
（二）重点短语
1. one of the + + “ …… ”
形容词最高级 可数名词复数：表示 最 之一 。例如：
China is one of the largest countries in the world.
（中国是世界上最大的国家
之一。）2. in the world What's the biggest animal in the world?
：在世界上。例如： （世
界上最大的动物是什么？）
3. play an important part/role in …… Trees play an
：在 中起重要作用。例如：
important part in keeping the air clean.
（树木在保持空气清洁方面起着重要作
用。）
4. because of He didn't go to
：因为；由于。后接名词、代词或动名词。例如：
school because of his illness.
（他因为生病没去上学。）
5. look after take care of We should look after
：照顾；照料。等同于 。例如：
our parents when they are old.
（父母年老时我们应该照顾他们。）
三、同步练习
（一）单项选择
1. The blue whale is ________ animal in the world.
A. the largest B. largest C. larger D. large
2. Which is ________, the sun, the moon or the earth?
A. big B. bigger C. the biggest D. biggest
3. This is one of ________ books in our library.
A. the most popular B. most popular C. more popular D. popular
4. My sister runs ________ in her class.
A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. fastest
5. Which city is ________, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?
A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful D. most beautiful
6. The cheetah runs ________ among all land animals.
A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. fastest7. This is ________ interesting story I have ever heard.
A. the more B. more C. the most D. most
8. He is ________ student in our class.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
9. Which is ________ season in your hometown?
A. good B. better C. the best D. best
10.The Yellow River is one of ________ rivers in China.
A. long B. longer C. the longest D. longest
11.The movie is ________ than that one.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting
12.She is ________ girl in our school.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
13.Which subject do you like ________, math, English or Chinese?
A. well B. better C. best D. the best
14.The book is ________ of all.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting
15.This is ________ expensive shirt in the shop.
A. an B. a C. the most D. most16.My mother is ________ in my family.
A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. busiest
17.Which is ________, a bike, a car or a plane?
A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. fastest
18.The weather in Beijing is ________ than that in Guangzhou in winter.
A. cold B. colder C. coldest D. the coldest
19.He is ________ boy in our class.
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest
20.Which is ________ mountain in the world?
A. high B. higher C. the highest D. highest
（二）用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The redwood tree is one of the ________ (tall) trees in the world.
2. Among all the animals, the blue whale is the ________ (heavy).
3. Which is the ________ (large), the sun, the moon or the earth?
4. I think pandas are the ________ (cute) animals in the world.
5. The cheetah runs the ________ (fast) among all land animals.6. Which do you think is the ________ (beautiful), the rose, the peony, or the lotus
flower?
7. Look at that butterfly! It has the ________ (colorful) wings.
8. Which animal jumps the ________ (far), the rabbit, the frog or the kangaroo?
9. The elephant birds were the ________ (large) and ________ (heavy) birds ever on
earth.
10.The ginkgo tree is one of the ________ (ancient) living trees on earth.
11.Many Chinese believe that the old ginkgo tree in the Zhongnan Mountains in
Shaanxi Province is the ________ (old).
12.The ginkgo tree is one of the ________ (popular) trees in streets, parks, and
gardens across China.
13.Bees are one of the ________ (important) animals on this planet.
14.Bees are also one of the ________ (interesting) animals in the world.
15.I felt ________ (disappointed) when my favourite flowers died.16.After the rain, some mushrooms ________ (appear) in the garden.
17.In my hometown, people often use bamboo baskets to ________ (store) food.
18.What did you put in your luggage? It ________ (weigh) a ton.
19.I can't ________ (imagine) my life without my pets. They mean a lot to me.
20.Many people know that frogs help to ________ (protect) farms by eating
insects.
（三）阅读理解
Dolphins are one of the most amazing animals in the ocean. They are very
smart and friendly. Dolphins have a special way of communicating with each
other. They use sounds like clicks and whistles to talk. Scientists believe that
these sounds can carry different messages, such as warnings, greetings, or
information about food.
Dolphins are also excellent swimmers. They can swim at high speeds and
jump out of the water in a very beautiful way. Their bodies are designed for
swimming, with a streamlined shape that helps them move quickly through
the water.
In addition, dolphins are social animals. They live in groups called pods. In
a pod, dolphins help each other. For example, when a dolphin is sick or
injured, other dolphins will support it and help it to the surface to breathe.
Dolphins are very important to the ocean ecosystem. They eat fish and
squid, which helps to keep the populations of these animals in balance. Also,
they are a popular attraction for tourists. Many people go to the sea to watchdolphins play and swim.
However, dolphins are facing some problems. Pollution in the ocean is
making their living environment worse. Some dolphins are caught in fishing
nets and get hurt. We should take action to protect these lovely animals and
keep the ocean clean.
1. （ ）How do dolphins communicate with each other?
A. By using body language.
B. By making sounds like clicks and whistles.
C. By sending signals with their tails.
D. By changing the color of their bodies.
2. （ ）Why are dolphins good at swimming?
A. Because they have long tails.
B. Because they like swimming very much.
C. Because their bodies are in a streamlined shape.
D. Because they live in the ocean.
3. （ ）What does the underlined word “pods” mean in Chinese?
A. B. C. D.
洞穴 家族 群体 部落
4. （ ）Why are dolphins important to the ocean ecosystem?
A. Because they can make the ocean more beautiful.
B. Because they can help fishermen catch fish.
C. Because they can keep the populations of some animals in balance.
D. Because they can clean the ocean.
5. （ ）What problems are dolphins facing?
A. There is not enough food for them in the ocean.
B. Pollution is making their living environment worse and some are caught
in fishing nets.
C. They have no friends in the ocean.
D. People don't like them anymore.
