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kmkm 第1/12页 1170
人教版八上英语 讲义
Unit 2 Home sweet home
一、语法考点
(一) 引导的请求与许可句型
Can/Could
1. 表示请求
①结构:Can/Could you please + 动词原形 + 其他?其中,Could you
please...? 比 Canyouplease...? 语气更委婉。
②回答:肯定回答常用 “Sure./Of course./No problem.” 等;否定回答常用
“Sorry,but...” 并说明理由。例如:Couldyoupleasesweepthefloor?(你能
扫一下地吗?)Sure.I'll do it rightaway.(当然,我马上就做。)
2. 表示请求许可
①结构:Can/CouldI + 动词原形 + 其他?同样,CouldI...? 语气更委婉。
②回答:肯定回答用 “Yes, you can.”;否定回答用 “Sorry, you can't.” 或
“Sorry,but...”。例如:CouldIhangoutwithmyfriendsafter school?(放学
后我能和朋友们出去玩吗?)Sorry, you can't. You have to finish your
homeworkfirst.(抱歉,你不能。你得先完成作业。)
(二)一般现在时表将来
在一些表示位移的动词(如 go,come,leave,arrive 等)中,常用一般现
在时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,通常会有表示将来的时间状语。例如:
Thetrainleavesat6:30tomorrowmorning.(火车明天早上 6:30 发车。)
二、词汇考点
(一)重点单词
1. chore :可数名词,意为 “ 杂务;家务劳动 ” ,常用复数形式 chores 。例
如: (我周末有很多家务要做。)
I havea lotofchorestodoon weekends.
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2. sweep :动词,意为 “ 打扫;清扫 ” ,过去式为 swept 。常见短语 sweep the
(扫地)。例如:
floor My mother asks me to sweep the floor every day.
(妈妈让我每天扫地。)
3. floor :名词,意为 “ 地板;地面 ” 。也可表示 “ 楼层 ” ,英式英语中与序
数词连用时, 常置于序数词前;美式英语中 常省略。例如:
the the There
(地板上有一本书。)
is a book on the floor. The library is on the second
(图书馆在二楼。)
floor.
4. borrow :动词,意为 “ 借;借用 ” ,常用结构 borrow sth. from sb. (从
某人那里借某物) 。例如: (我经
I often borrowbooksfromthelibrary.
常从图书馆借书。)
5. lend :动词,意为 “ 借给;借出 ” ,常用结构 lend sth.tosb. =lend sb. sth.
(把某物借给某人) 。例如:
Can you lend your pen to me? = Can you
(你能把你的钢笔借给我吗?)
lend me your pen?
6. invite :动词,意为 “ 邀请 ” ,名词形式为 invitation 。常见短语 invitesb.
(邀请某人做某事); 地点(邀请某人去某地)。
todosth. invitesb. to+
例如: (我想邀请我的朋
I want toinvitemyfriends tomy birthdayparty.
友们参加我的生日派对。)
7. prepare :动词,意为 “ 使做好准备;把 …… 准备好 ” ,常见短语 prepare
(为 做准备); (准备某物)。例如:
for …… preparesth. Wearepreparing
(我们正在为考试做准备。)
for the exam.
8. reason :可数名词,意为 “ 原因;理由 ” 。例如: Thereason for hisbeing
(他迟到的原因是错过了公交车。)
late is that he missed the bus.
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9. neighbor :可数名词,意为 “ 邻居 ” 。例如: My neighbor is very kind.
(我的邻居非常友善。)
10.care :动词,意为 “ 在意;担忧;关心 ” ,常见短语 care about (关心;
在意); (照顾;照料) 。例如:
care for We should care about the
(我们应该关心环境。)
environment.
(二)重点短语
1. help out :意为 “ 帮助分担工作、解决难题等 ” 。例如: I oftenhelp out with
(我在家经常帮忙做家务。)
housework at home.
2. in orderto :意为 “ 目的是;为了 ” ,后接动词原形,引导目的状语。例
如: (他早起是为了赶上
Hegets upearly in order tocatch theearly bus.
早班车。)
3. depend on :意为 “ 依靠;信赖 ” 。例如: Childrenshouldnotdepend too
(孩子们不应该过于依赖他们的父母。)
much on their parents.
4. takecareof :意为 “ 照顾;照料 ” ,等同于 lookafter 。例如: Weshould
(我们应该照顾老人。)
take care of the old.
5. as a result :意为 “ 结果;因此 ” ,常位于句首,并用逗号与句子其他部
分隔开。例如: (他
Hedidn't study hard.Asa result, hefailed theexam.
学习不努力。结果,他考试不及格。)
三、同步练习
(一)单项选择
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1. —Couldyouplease________ thefloor?It'sdirty.
—Sure.
A. sweepingB.sweepC.to sweepD.swept
答案:B
解析:Couldyouplease 后接动词原形,所以选 B。
2. —CanI________ yourbike?
—Sorry,I'velentit to Tom.
A. borrowB. lendC. keepD.buy
答案:A
解析:根据回答可知是询问能否借对方的自行车,borrow 表示 “借入”,lend
表示 “借出”,所以选 A。
3. —________Iinvitemyfriendstotheparty?
—Sure. Butyoushouldcleantheroomfirst.
A. MustB. NeedC. CanD.Should
答案:C
解析:此处是请求许可,询问是否能邀请朋友参加派对,用 CanI...? 句型,
所以选 C。
4. Mymotheroftenasksme________thedishesafter dinner.
A. do B.todo C. doingD.does
答案:B
解析:ask sb. to dosth. 是固定搭配,意为 “让某人做某事”,所以选 B。
5. —Couldyouhelpme________thebookstotheclassroom?
—Noproblem.
A. takeB. takingC. takesD.took
答案:A
解析:helpsb.(to)dosth. 表示 “帮助某人做某事”,所以用动词原形 take,
选 A。
6. —Whatareyoudoing,Li Ming?
—I'm________my pen.I can'tfindit.
A. lookingatB.lookingforC. lookingafter D.lookinglike
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答案:B
解析:根据 “I can't find it.” 可知是在找钢笔,look for 意为 “寻找”,所以
选 B。
7. —Whydidn'tyougoto theparty lastnight?
—BecauseIhadto________my sick mother athome.
A. lookatB. lookupC.look forD.look after
答案:D
解析:根据 “my sick mother” 可知是要照顾生病的妈妈,look after 意为
“照顾”,所以选 D。
8. —Couldyoupleasenot________ noisehere?Thebabyissleeping.
—Sorry,wewon't.
A. makeB. makingC. tomakeD.made
答案:A
解析:Couldyoupleasenot 后接动词原形,makenoise 意为 “制造噪音”,
所以选 A。
9. Myfather ________homeat6:00p.m.every day.
A. arriveB.arrivesC. arrivedD.will arrive
答案:B
解析:由 everyday 可知用一般现在时,主语 Myfather 是第三人称单数,
动词用第三人称单数形式 arrives,所以选 B。
10.—CanIuseyour dictionary?
—________. Hereyouare.
A. Of coursenotB.I'm sorry C. Of course D.No,youcan't
答案:C
解析:根据 “Hereyouare.” 可知同意对方使用字典,Ofcourse 意为 “当然
可以”,所以选 C。
11.—________do youclean yourroom?
—Oncea week.
A. HowlongB.How oftenC. HowsoonD.Howfar
答案:B
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解析:根据 “Oncea week.” 可知询问频率,用 Howoften,所以选 B。
12.Weshould________our parents. Theyworkhardfor us.
A. careaboutB.hear aboutC. talk aboutD.learnabout
答案:A
解析:careabout 意为 “关心”,hearabout 意为 “听说”,talkabout 意为
“谈论”,learnabout 意为 “了解”,此处表示应该关心父母,所以选 A。
13.—Couldyoutellme howtogettothelibrary?
—________. I'mnew here,too.
A. SureB. I'msorry C. NoproblemD.Of course
答案:B
解析:因为回答者也是新来的,无法提供帮助,所以用 I'msorry 表示歉意,
选 B。
14.Mysister oftenhelpsme________ myEnglish.
A. withB. forC. inD.at
答案:A
解析:helpsb.withsth. 是固定搭配,意为 “在某方面帮助某人”,所以选 A。
15.—CanIhavesomemorebread?
—________. There'sstill alotleft.
A. No,youcan'tB. Of coursenotC.Yes, youcanD.That'sallright
答案:C
解析:根据 “There'sstillalotleft.” 可知还有很多面包,同意对方再吃一些,
所以选 C。
16.—Couldyoupleasepassmethebook?
—________.
A. Yes,I couldB. No, Icouldn'tC. Sure. HereyouareD.Ican't
答案:C
解析:对于 Couldyouplease...? 的肯定回答常用 Sure. Hereyouare 等,
所以选 C。A、B 选项回答方式错误;D 选项没有 C 选项礼貌。
17.Hegotupearly ________catchthe earlybus.
A. inordertoB. so thatC.becauseD.becauseof
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答案:A
解析:inorderto 后接动词原形,表示目的;sothat 后接从句;because 后
接从句;because of 后接名词、代词或动名词。此处 catch 是动词原形,
所以选 A。
18.—Do youoftendo choresathome?
—Yes.Ioften________the clothes.
A. do B.makeC.foldD.take
答案:C
解析:foldtheclothes 意为 “叠衣服”,是做家务的一种,所以选 C。
19.—________Ileavenow?
—No, youcan't. Youhavetofinishyour workfirst.
A. MustB. MayC. NeedD.Can
答案:D
解析:根据回答可知是请求许可,用 CanI...? 句型,所以选 D。
20.Myneighborisa kindwoman. Sheoften________ mewith myproblems.
A. helpsB.helpC. helpingD.tohelp
答案:A
解析:由 often 可知用一般现在时,主语 She 是第三人称单数,动词用第
三人称单数形式 helps,所以选 A。
(二)用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. Couldyouplease________(clean) yourroom?It'samess.
答案:clean
解析:Couldyouplease 后接动词原形,所以填 clean。
2. Mymotheroftenasksme________(help)her withhousework.
答案:to help
解析:ask sb. to dosth. 是固定搭配,所以填 tohelp。
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3. I need ________ (borrow) some money from my friend because I left my wallet
athome.
答案:to borrow
解析:need 作实义动词时,常用结构为 needtodosth.,所以填 toborrow。
4. He________(sweep)thefloor anhour ago.
答案:swept
解析:由 anhourago 可知用一般过去时,sweep 的过去式是 swept,所
以填 swept。
5. Weshouldlearn________ (take) careofourselves.
答案:to take
解析:learntodo sth. 意为 “学习做某事”,所以填 to take。
6. Mysister isgoodat________ (fold) theclothes.
答案:folding
解析:begoodat 后接动词的动名词形式,所以填 folding。
7. Couldyoupleasenot________ (play) computergames?It'stime togo tobed.
答案:play
解析:Couldyoupleasenot 后接动词原形,所以填 play。
8. Sheoftenhelpsher mother________ (do)thedishesafter dinner.
答案:(to) do
解析:help sb.(to) do sth. 表示 “帮助某人做某事”,所以填 (to)do。
9. Myfather ________(notarrive)homeuntil8:00p.m. yesterday.
答案:didn'tarrive
解析:由 yesterday 可知用一般过去时,否定句借助 didn't,后接动词原形
arrive,所以填 didn'tarrive。
10.Wearelookingforwardto ________(invite)our friendstoour newhouse.
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答案:inviting
解析:look forwardto 后接动词的动名词形式,所以填 inviting。
11.It'simportantfor us________(learn)Englishwell.
答案:to learn
解析:It's+ 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 是固定句型,意为 “对某人来说
做某事是…… 的”,所以填 to learn。
12.Heisbusy________ (prepare) fortheexamthesedays.
答案:preparing
解析:bebusy doingsth. 意为 “忙于做某事”,所以填 preparing。
13.She________ (lend)her booktomelastweek.
答案:lent
解析:由 lastweek 可知用一般过去时,lend 的过去式是 lent,所以填 lent。
14.Mymotheraskedme________ (notmake)noiseinthelibrary.
答案:nottomake
解析:asksb.nottodosth. 意为 “让某人不要做某事”,所以填 nottomake。
15.Weshouldcaremoreabout________ (other).
答案:others
解析:others 意为 “其他人”,此处表示应该多关心他人,所以填 others。
16.I'msorry for________(be) latefor classagain.
答案:being
解析:for 是介词,后接动词的动名词形式,所以填 being。
17.Myneighbor'ssonalwayshelpsme________ (carry) heavythings.
答案:(to) carry
解析:help sb.(to) do sth. 表示 “帮助某人做某事”,所以填 (to)carry。
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18.Sheneeds________ (buy)somenewclothesfortheparty.
答案:to buy
解析:need 作实义动词时,常用结构为 needtodo sth.,所以填 tobuy。
19.Myfather oftentellsme________(clean) myroomby myself.
答案:to clean
解析:tellsb. todo sth. 意为 “告诉某人做某事”,所以填 toclean。
20.They________ (go)to theparktomorrowif itdoesn't rain.
答案:will go
解析:由 tomorrow 可知用一般将来时,if 引导的条件状语从句遵循 “主将
从现” 原则,从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,所以填 will go。
(三)阅读理解
When we talk about home, we often think of its warmth and comfort. A
home is not just a building where we live; it's a place full of love and care.
In my family, we all do our part to make our home a better place. My
mother always keeps the house clean. She sweeps the floor and cleans the
rooms every day. She also cooks delicious meals for us. My father often helps
with the heavier chores. He takes out the rubbish and fixes things around the
house when they are broken.
As for me, I usually help with some small chores. I feed the fish and water
the plants. Sometimes, I also help my mother set the table before dinner. On
weekends, my parents and I often clean up the house together. We work as a
team, and it makes our home look tidy and beautiful.
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We also like to decorate our home. We hang up photos of our family on the
walls. These photos show our happy moments together. We also put some
flowers in the living room. They make the house smell nice and feel more
comfortable.
Home is where we feel safe and loved. We should all do something to
make our homes better.
1. ( )Whatdoesthe writerthinkofhome?
A. It'sjusta building.
B. It'sa placefullofloveandcomfort.
C. It'sonly aplace to live.
D.It'sa placewithmanychores.
答案:B
解析:根据文章第一段 “A home is not just a building where we live; it's a
placefullofloveandcare.” 可知,作者认为家是充满爱和关怀的地方,B 选
项正确。A 选项 “只是一座建筑” 和 C 选项 “只是居住的地方” 与原文不符;
D 选项 “有很多家务的地方” 不是作者对家的主要看法,所以选 B。
2. ( )Whatdoesthe writer'smotherdo athome?
A. Shetakesouttherubbish.
B. Shefixesthingsaroundthehouse.
C. Shekeepsthehousecleanandcooksmeals.
D.Shefeedsthefishandwaterstheplants.
答案:C
解析:从文章第二段 “My mother always keeps the house clean. She
sweeps the floor and cleans the rooms every day. She also cooks delicious
mealsforus.” 可知,作者的妈妈保持房子干净并且做饭,C 选项正确。A 选
项 “倒垃圾” 和 B 选项 “修理房子周围的东西” 是作者爸爸做的;D 选项
“喂鱼和浇花” 是作者做的,所以选 C。
3. ( )Whatsmallchoresdoesthewriter usuallydo?
A. He helpshismother cleantherooms.
B. Hetakesouttherubbish.
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C. Hefeedsthefishandwaterstheplants.
D.Hehelpshisfatherfixthings.
答案:C
解析:根据文章第三段 “As for me, I usually help with some small chores. I
feedthefishandwater theplants.” 可知,作者通常做的小家务是喂鱼和浇
花,C 选项正确。A 选项 “帮妈妈打扫房间”、B 选项 “倒垃圾” 和 D 选项
“帮爸爸修理东西” 在文中均未提及是作者做的,所以选 C。
4. ( )How dothey maketheir homelooktidy andbeautiful?
A. They buya lotofnewfurniture.
B. Theycleanupthehousetogetheronweekends.
C. Theyinvitefriendsto help.
D.Theyonlylet themother cleanthehouse.
答案:B
解析:由文章第三段 “On weekends, my parents and I often clean up the
house together. We work as a team, and it makes our home look tidy and
beautiful.” 可知,他们周末一起打扫房子让家看起来整洁漂亮,B 选项正确。
A 选项 “买很多新家具”、C 选项 “邀请朋友帮忙” 和 D 选项 “只让妈妈打
扫房子” 在文中均未提及,所以选 B。
5. ( )Why do they hang up photos on the walls?
A. Because the photos show their happy moments together.
B. Because the photos are very expensive.
C. Because they want to make the house look bigger.
D. Because they like taking photos.
答案:A
解析:从文章第四段 “Wehangupphotosofourfamilyonthewalls.These
photosshowour happymomentstogether.” 可知,他们在墙上挂照片是因
为照片展示了他们在一起的快乐时光,A 选项正确。B 选项 “照片很贵”、C
选项 “让房子看起来更大” 和 D 选项 “他们喜欢拍照” 在文中均未提及,所
以选 A。
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